【語法填空】高考英語專題復習：語法填空講義能力要求：1．閱讀/理解語篇的能力2．分析句子結構的能力3．熟練運用語法的能力4．單詞拼寫能力解題步驟：1.通讀全文，了解大意既然是利用語篇在語境中考語法，那么，我們在解題前就應快速瀏覽短文，了解全文大意。2.分析語境，試填空格讀懂短文后，要結合短文所提供的特定語境及解題思路去填空。3.對照考點，解決難題在解題過程中要先易后難。在做好有把握的題后，對照各考點及題數，仔細推敲，解決難題。出題方式詞性考查考點分布備考之道設關鍵詞形容詞/副詞比較級準確判斷出考點，并且熟練掌握不同形容詞和副詞的比較級變形風格最高級動詞時態了解各種時態的標志詞以及特征語態判斷句子主被動，掌握主動表被動的句型運用不定式掌握加todo以及加doing的固定句型，準確判斷動詞在充當非謂語功能時的時態和語態動名詞分詞不設關鍵詞冠詞定冠詞，不定冠詞準確判斷語境是特指還是非特指介詞搭配及其他熟練掌握固定搭配以及本身用法代詞人稱物主代詞注意判斷句子結構（尤其是所缺成分）以及語境的呼應不定代詞反身單詞情態動詞動詞的意義注意觀察語境中暗含的情感和態度連接詞定語從句熟練判斷各種復合句結構，掌握連接詞的特定用法名詞性從句狀語從句強調句連詞并列句判斷上下句之間的邏輯關系4.通讀全文，確保無誤。注意：在掌握以上考點的同時也不能忽視對一些基本常用句型的考查，如：not…until…；notonly…but(also)…；so…that…；not…but…；as…as…；either…or…；

more…than…；neither…nor…；

such…that…；

hardly…when…；nosooner…than…等。具體考查形式及考點分布見以下表格：知識點2：兩三空填詞梳理1.兩空常填連詞表原因：nowthat;表讓步：evenif,eventhough表方式：asif,asthough,justas表結果/目的：sothat,incase定語從句中：介詞

+which表條件：whatif表除了：exceptwhen/that2.三空常填連詞表目的：inorderthat表時間：assoonas表條件：as/solongas,onconditionthat3.兩空常填介詞表原因：becauseof/dueto/owingto/表讓步：regardlessof表遞進：apartfrom表相反：insteadof/ratherthan表除了：exceptfor/otherthan4.三空常填介詞表讓步：inspiteof表遞進：inadditionto三年春考語法填空考點分析：謂語非謂語形容詞副詞情態動詞代詞介詞冠詞連詞23111214113231131.Afterjustafewmonthsoftraining,Xiaandhisfellowclimbersstartedclimbingthe8,848-metremountaininJanuary1975.However,Xiasufferedsuchsevere

frostbite

(凍傷)afterlendingateammatehissleepingbag(22)_________helaterlostbothofhisfeet.

2020松江一模

2.You’dneverthinkofrabbitsasdreadful,destructivecreatures,wouldyou?Rabbitsarecuteandloveable.However,Australiansdiscovered(21)________harmthesecutecreaturescandothehardway.

2020楊浦一模

3.Theycompetedforfoodandshelterwithnativeanimals.Theycausedtheextinctionorendangermentofnumerousplantandanimalspecies.Andtheywereanightmareforcattleandsheepfarmers,(26)_________animalscouldn'tgetenoughgrasstoeatandstarved.

2020楊浦一模

4.Thevirushadbeendevelopedverycarefullytoaffectonlyrabbits.Nearly100percentoftherabbitswhocaughtthedisease(30)________(die).

2020楊浦一模

5.

The

proposal,debatedatthisyear’sCITESConference,listsmakosharksunderAppendixII,meaningthattheycan’tbetraded

(22)______

itcanbeshownthatfishingwouldn’tthreatentheirchancesforsurvival.Conservationistssaythiswastheworld’slastchancetopreventmakosharkpopulationsfromcollapsing.

2020青浦一模

6.Nonetheless,conservationistsfearedthatoppositionfromafewcountrieswithfairlylargemakofishingindustries—primarilytheUnitedStates,Canada,andJapan—(24)______

tipthescale.

2020青浦一模

7.Foryearsnow,I’vebeenwantingtosellourhome,theplacewheremyhusbandandIraisedourkids.Butto

me,thishouseismorethanjustabuilding.Inthefrontroom,there’sawallthathashundredsofpencillines.

Everygrowthstage(21)__________(mark)inpencils,witheachchild’snameandthedate.

2020嘉定一模

8.Ourkidsgrowinsomanyways,butthewallisphysicalevidenceoftheirprogress.FriendsIknowhavevisitedtheirprevioushomeonly(23)__________(discover)theirwallofheightshasbeenfreshlypaintedover.

2020嘉定一模

9.Some(24)__________arguethatthe

aisle

(走廊)seatissuperiorforthelegspaceandtheabilitytogetoffswiftlyandeyethesnackcart.

黃浦10.Itwasataskshewaswell-preparedtoundertake,(27)_____venturecapitalistsdidn’ttakeherworkseriously.

2020崇明一模

【答案】1.that

2.what

3.whose

4.

died

5.

unless6.could/would

7.ismarked

8.

todiscover

9.may/do

10.but

易錯點一、謂語/非謂語【知識梳理】一．判斷是做謂語還是非謂語：按照“一句一個主謂結構”的原則。句子，非謂語。句子，連詞+句子。要看是否有連詞連接。二．謂語要考慮時態和語態掌握每一種時態的時間標志詞注意并列成分看句意確定主動還是被動三．非謂語要考慮用todo,doing還是donetodo:動作未發生或表目的doing:主動或正在進行done:

被動或完成【例題精講】1.Thepenguinslippeddowntheslideonhisstomach,bottomfirst,shesaid.Heresurfacedabout6feetfromtheboat,(24)________(take)alookupatthepeopleaboard,andthendisappearedbeneaththesurface.

2019青浦一模【答案】

took【解析】從andthen可用看出來，這里是三個過去的動作（resurfaced,took,disappeared）并列，都是做謂語。2.YetLee,despitehisdisadvantagesofbothnumbersandposition,didnotretreat.Instead,hemovedhistroopsintopositiontoattack.UnionsoldierswhotriedtowarnHookerthatLeewasontheoffensive(29)_______(dismiss)ascowards.

2019徐匯一模【答案】

weredismissed

【解析】whotriedtowarnHookerthatLeewasontheoffensive是定語從句，先行詞是Unionsoldiers,所以這個句子缺謂語，所以dismiss做謂語，根據句意，用一般過去時的被動。3.

Itcantaketime—andsometimesitdoesnotwork—fornewplantvarieties(29)_____(breed)forcommercialuse.

2019楊浦一模【答案】

tobebred

【解析】根據句意，for在這里作介詞使用，意思是對于，所以后面是短語，breed作非謂語。前面說新的植物種類，所以是還未被培育的。不定式表動作未發生。【鞏固練習】1.

Ithasalwaysbeenapopularchoice.Itusessimplelanguageandsentences.Itiseasytoreadandprovidesclearexamplesofliterarytechniqueslikeforeshadowing(預示).Butitisalsointeresting,andthecharactersare(29)______(engage).Theplotisfulloftension.

2019寶山一模2.Though

thisisonlyStein’sfirstbook,IwouldalreadyconsiderhimassomeonelikeDavidSedaris,DaveBarry,JamesThurber,MarkTwainandAbrahamLincoln.I(29)________(recommend)ManMadenotjusttoallmyfriendsandfamilybutalsotostrangersonTwitteroverandoveragain.

2019普陀一模

3.Overtheyearsreadinghasbeenmy

companion.Alwayswithabook

inmypurse,Ihaveneverfacedtheworldwithoutabestfriendbymyside.Books(30)__________(help)methroughdifficultperiodsand

applauded

meintimesofcelebration.Booksalwaysmakemesmile.That’sthebiggestreasonIbelieveinreading,becauseitwillmakeyouhappy.

2018寶山一模Nationally,Norwayhasexperiencedan11%increaseintourisminthepastdecade.Fromjust1,000touristsinthewholeof2010,Trolltunga,apieceofrockthatstands

horizontally

outofthemountain,

(24)__________

(see)1,800visitorsinone2017dayalone.

2018黃浦一模5.Whenhelookedinthatdirection,henoticedabrightredboatturningin

aspinningcircle

inthestormywateratthebaseoftheGenevaDam,300feetaway.Kevin

assumed

thepersonontheboat(22)__________(jump)outofit.“ThenIheardawarningsignalwithaloudsound,”saysKevin,now42.“That’s

when

Irealizedsomebodywasintrouble.”

2018青浦一模【答案】

29.engaging

2.haverecommended

3.

hashelped

4.

saw

5.

hadjumped易錯點、介詞

【知識梳理】掌握表示時間、地點、方式、所屬關系的介詞用法和常用的介詞短語；了解分詞介詞的使用，如concerning,regarding,considering,including,given等。當空格后的名詞在句中不是作主語，表語或動詞賓語時，選填介詞；注意固定搭配常為介詞考查主要內容依據，同時要結合上下文語義理解。兩空常填介詞表原因：becauseof/dueto/owingto/thanksto/outof表讓步：regardlessof表相反：insteadof表除了：exceptfor/otherthan/apartfrom三空常填介詞表讓步：inspiteof表并列：inadditionto【例題精講】1.Inthepast,theU.S.andothershavesupportedlistingothersharkspeciesunderCITES,butnotsointhiscase,

(26)______

commercialinterests.

2020青浦一模

【答案】

with/for

【解析】用with表示有；for表示為了，都可以。2.Whenoverafootoffreshsnowfalls,expertsknowtobeonthelookoutforavalanches.Explosivescanbeusedinplaces(26)____________massivesnowbuildupstotriggermuchsmalleravalanchesthatdon’tposeadangertopersonsorproperty.

2020靜安一模【答案】with【解析】根據句意，炸藥能夠被用在有大量的雪形成的地方，有------用with.

3.Whetherornotyoutrytolimityourself(24)______onecupofcoffeeaday,theeffectsofclimatechangeontheworld'scoffee-growingregionsmayleaveyoulittlechoice.

2019浦東新區一模【答案】to【解析】把---限制在-----，用limit-----to------,這是固定搭配。

【鞏固練習】1.Officialsthereconsiderthedangeroususeofe-bikesonstreetsandsidewalksasthereason(23)_____theban.

2019崇明一模2.（29）________theworldwatching,authoritiesfinallytookaction,movingthepenguintotheWellingtonZoofourdaysafterhewasdiscovered.

2019青浦一模3.Varietyis,asweallknow,thespiceoflife.Butit’salsoausefulweapon(26)__________adaptation.2019金山一模4.Supportedbyhissuperiornumbers,Hookersecretlymoved70,000ofhismenfifteenmilesupandacrosstheriver,andthenorderedthemtosneakbackdowntopositionthemselves(27)_______Lee’sarmy.

2019徐匯一模5.Soitis(27)______thebooksrecommended.

Namedby

those“idols”inourmind,theywilldefinitelywinourheart.

2019虹口一模

【答案】

1.for

2.With

3.against

4.behind

5.with易錯點、連詞【知識梳理】連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞從屬連詞考察三大從句（定語從句，名詞性從句和狀語從句）的關系詞掌握強調結構的使用規則；理解完全倒裝和部分倒裝的構成規則；知曉省略、插入語的使用定語從句關系詞的選擇方法：先判斷從句是否缺主語或賓語。缺主語的話，先行詞指人，用that,who(m);先行詞指物，用that,which.從句不缺主語或賓語，先行詞指時間，用when;先行詞指地點，用where；先行詞指原因，用why.另外注意as和whose的語法。名詞性關系詞的選擇方法：從句缺主語或賓語，指物用what,指人用who(m)。從句意思很完整，什么都不缺，用that.根據意思，缺什么就用什么。比如why,when,where,when,whether,which,how等。狀語從句分為9種，主要是根據邏輯關系來判斷連詞。【例題精講】1.Theycouldprove___30___anunmarkeddeviceisyours.So,sure,yourphoneisprettygermy.Doesthatinspireyou,ordoesitjustbotheryou?

2019黃浦一模【答案】that

【解析】prove后接的是賓語從句，從句不缺任何成分,意思很完整，所以填that.2.MostFacebookusersdon’trealizethisishappening.Eveniftheyknowwhatthecompany

isupto,theystillhavenoidea

(23)

they’repayingforFacebook,becausepeopledon’treallyknowwhattheirpersonaldetailsareworth.

2019嘉定一模【答案】what

【解析】Idea后接的是同位語從句，先行詞是idea,同位語從句缺pay的賓語，所以用what.3.

Ithasbeen44years(26)________anemperorpenguinwaslastspottedinthewildinNewZealand.

2019青浦一模【答案】since【解析】這里是since引導的時間狀語從句，Itis/hasbeen+時間段since+一般過去時的句子。意思是自從-----到現在，已經有多長時間了。【鞏固練習】1.Thewomenwhorealizedtheywereunderheavystresshadsignificantlyshortenedanddamagedtelomeres（染色體端粒）comparedwith(29)_______whofeltmorerelaxed.

2019奉賢一模2.Whenwechoosetoleaveanewjobearly,itsendsthemessagethat(22)_it/something_isterriblywrong,especiallyinthecurrenteconomicclimate(23)________unemploymentishigherandpeoplearedyingforjobs.

2019靜安一模3.

Lee,anoldermaninpoorhealthwithagraybeard,hadasolemn,measuredcharacter.Hookerwasablond,broad-shoulderedyoungman(22)_______prideoverhisappearancewasbutoneaspectofhisself-centeredness.

2019徐匯一模4.Teachersgetreal-timeupdatesonstudents’progressaswellassuggestionson(28)______subjectstheyneedtospendmoretimeperfecting.

2020虹口一模

【答案】1.those

2.where

3.

whose

4.what/the易錯點、代詞【知識梳理】代詞會考察人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞和指示代詞；注意it在句中作形式主語和形式賓語。代詞判斷方法：首先找出代詞所指代的名詞，根據其在句中所充當的成分確定用哪個代詞。如果空格后是名詞，就應該考慮空格處是否用物主代詞(my,your,his等)、指示代詞(this,that等)、不定代詞(few,little,many,much,all,each,every,both,neither,other,one,none,nothing等)、名詞所有格或形容詞等進行修飾；如果空格前是動詞,就應考慮用人稱代詞和反身代詞。【例題精講】1.TheonlypartsIdidn’tfullyenjoywere(26)________inwhichtheauthorsufferedhorribly.Afterjustthreehoursoftrainingcamp,hefaintedweaklyintothearmsofasoldier.

2019普陀一模【答案】those【解析】were后面是表語，inwhich后面是句子。所以in前面缺名詞或代詞作先行詞。此題是語法填空題，所以選代詞。根據句意填those那些。2.What

wouldbeagreeableisthatateaplantthatprovidesallthetasteandgoodnessbutwithlittleor(23)_____ofthecaffeinehasbeenfound.

2019楊浦一模【答案】

none【解析】根據句意，令人愜意的是：茶樹提供各種味道和好處，但是幾乎沒有或沒有咖啡因被發現。此空需要填一個代詞和little并列，在根據意思填none.3.Theartistexplainedthathedoesnotwantpeopletofocuscompletelyonthetechniquesinvolvedinhispieces.“Iwantthemtothinkabouttheworkand(27)__________I’mactuallydrawing,”hesaid,“Iprefertostudytheinternalaspectofthesubjectratherthanfocus

solely

ontheexternalpart.”

2018金山一模【答案】what(ever)/all/everything/something【解析】根據句意，此空一個填代詞和work這個名詞并列，根據句意，what(ever)/all/everything/something都是可用的。【鞏固練習】1.Fast-forwardaboutayear.Iwalkedintotheclinic’s(27)_crowded__(crowd)waitingroomandcalledthenameofthenextclient.Suddenly,ahugeDobermanrantowardme.Ifound(28)______pinnedagainstthewallwiththismagnificentdogstandingonhisbacklegs,hisfront

paws

(爪子)onmyshoulders,washingmyfacewithplentifulandjoyfulkisses!

2020長寧/金山一模

2.Facebookisa

handy

site,but

I’mupsetby

theideathat

(30)

informationisinthehandsofpeopleIdon’ttrust.Thatistoohighapricetopay.

2019嘉定一模3.Careerexpertssaysuchhabitualcomplainersarehighly

contagious(會蔓延的),whoseattitudecaneasilyaffectanentireteaminacompany.“Whilesomecomplaintsmightbereasonable,(23)_________

aretakenfromthinair.Youneedtoseebetweenthesedifferenttypesandadopttherightstrategytowardseach,”saidLiMing,HRmanageratWal-Mart(China).

2018虹口一模

4.（寶山）Readingcanbringpeopletogether.Icannotcountthenumberofnewfriendsandpeoplethathaveenteredmylifebecauseofbooks.Mystepmother,grandmother,andIallreadthesamebooks.(27)__________isbetterthanbeingabletosharethetensemoments,nearmisses,andhappyendingswhiledrinking

asteamingcupof

coffeetogetherwithsomeone.

2018寶山一模5.AsDysonput(27)______:“Youcan’tdevelopnewtechnology

unlessyoutestnewideasandlearnwhenthingsgowrong.Failureisessentialtoinvention.”

2019閔行一模【答案】

1.myself

2.my

3.others

4.

Nothing

5.it

知識點五、情態動詞一、常考情態動詞及用法can,could

表示能力、可能、委婉語氣may,might

表示必須，表示推測should,oughtto

表示應該、勸告（should有表示竟然的意思）will,would

將來時的助動詞、表意愿must

表示規定、較為肯定的推測二、答題策略如果空格后為動詞原形，就應該考慮此空填情態動詞根據注意上下文語境，確定填寫合適的情態動詞注意情態動詞也有時態，如can的過去式could,may的過去式might三、例題講解例題1:---Mye-dictionaryisnowheretobefound.Who

havetakenit?---Idon’tknow.Butkeeplookingandyouwillfindit.【答案】could【解析】此處考察情態動詞表猜測的用法，因為此動作發生在過去，故用could。易錯點：表示理論上的可能性（即從理論上分析是可能的，但實際未必會發生），可用can（表現在）或could（表過去）。例題2:AlthoughLee’sfatherknewLee______receiveeducation,hisfatherwasn’tabletoaffordtosendhimtoschool.【答案】must【解析】根據原文語境，作為一個適齡兒童，按照國家法律規定，必須接受教育，因此考慮情態動詞must。例題3:Atthesametime,meltingseaicealsoreleasemoreoceanwater,whichresultinincreasedwatervaporintheatmospherethat

betransferredintosnow.【答案】can【解析】語段時態為一般現在時，此空出現在定語從句that_______betransferredintosnow中，that為從句主語，可很快判斷出此空填情態動詞，根據語境可知該空考察can的用法—對客觀存在情況的描述。四、專題過關：1.Accordingtothenewregulations,one______passnightdrivingtestforthelicense.2.Inordertoavoidfiresorexplosions,people________notusemobilephonesatgasstations.3.–Who_____bephoningusatthistimeofnight?–Itmightbeyoursister.

4.--Mye-dictionaryisnowheretobefound.Whohavetakenit?--Idon’tknow.Butkeeplookingandyouwillfindit.5.Theyhavepromisedthemoneycollectedbehandedtothecharityhouse.6.Babiesgivenmoreloveandaffectionbytheirmothers_______dealbetterwithstressandanxietywhentheygrowup.7.—

Sunnyhadtogiveaspeechinfrontof500peopleyesterday.—Whew!That’sabigaudience.She______havebeennervousatthebeginning

8.

Often,whenhe________havebeendoing

somethinguseful,hewastedhistimeplayingcomputer

games.9.

-

Willyoustayforthedinner?-Sorry,I_______not.ThecookersIboughtonlinewillbesenttomyhousethisafternoon.10.

Actuallyyou_____nothavebroughtthedictionaryhere.Youarenotallowedtouseit.

Keys:must,must,can,could,shall,might,must,should,can,needl真題演練2017春考真題“Zootopia”BrokeDisneyRecordsLastweekend,thelatestDisneymovie,“Zootopia”,brokerecords.ThemoviehadthelargestopeningweekendforaDisney

animation(動畫片).PeopleacrosstheUnitedStatesboughtmorethan$75millionworthoftickets.“Zootopia”isacityofanimals.Themoviestarsarabbitpoliceofficerandafoxcriminal(21)__________teamuptofindamissing

otter(水瀨).Heisamongseveralanimalsthathavesuddenlydisappearedfromthecity.“Zootopia”(22)__________(praise)foritssharphumorandstrongmessagesinceitsrelease.Thefilmexploresracismandotherissuesinitsdescriptionofrelations(23)__________twokindsofanimalsinthecity.JaredBushandPhilJohnstonwrote“Zootopia”.Theytoldreporteresthatitstartedoutasaspymovie(24)__________(set)inseveraldifferentcontexts.Buttheychangedthestory(25)__________theyfoundtheanimalworldespeciallyinteresting.Theysaidto(26)__________somethinglikethis.“What’sthisworldlike?What’sthehistoryofthisworld?”Andthen,Bushsaid,theywenttotheexperts.Notonly(27)__________thewritersspeakwithpeoplewhostudycouture(時裝)andgroupbehaviour,butalsotheytalkedwithanimalexpertslikezookeepers.Thecreatorshavenotedthatthevarietyofanimalswasnoteasy(28)__________(produce)indrawings.Inthemovie,64speciesliveinmultipleneighborhoods(29)__________(represent)differentanimals’livingenvironments.Disneysays“Zootopia”isits(30)__________(complex)animationyet.Theextraeffortiscertainlypayingoffattheboxoffice.【答案】21.who

22.hasbeenpraised

23.between

24.set

25.because

26.themselves

27.did28.toproduce29.representing

30.mostcomplex2018春考真題MyKid-FreeLifeIhadexpectedtohavemorefreetimeaftermysons,EvanandAlex,eachleftforcollege,andIdo.Thekitchencalendarlooksspare.Rarely(21)__________Ineedtopreparefamilydinnereveryday.Thereisalot(22)__________(little)laundry.Whentheboyswereinfants,IwonderedhowI(23)__________(spend)allthehoursbeforetheywereborn.(24)____________________Ihavethosehoursback,Icanfocusonmyownneeds.Ihadalsoexpectedtoworryaboutthemwhentheywereaway.AndIdo.Didtheygettheirflushots(流感疫苗注射)?Willtheyrememberthetalksabout“goodchoices”?Ontheotherhand,theworryismixedwithrelief.Ihaveseen(25)__________vigorouslytheygrowwithoutme.DoImissedthem?Yes.BothmoreandlessthanI’dguessed.DoIfeelunitedforhavinglostmyprimaryroleinlife?No,becauseovertheyear,Itookgreatpride(26)__________thefactthatmyidentitywasnotdependentontheirs.But,surprisingly,yes.(27)__________(be)adifferentkindofmotherdefinesmenow.Themissingcomesatunexpectedmoments:seeingtheschoolbusdriveby,startingtoputtoomanyplatesonthetable...Whentheyhavedoubtsaboutfriendshipsorjobprospects,Icanonlysay,“I’msureyouwillfigureitout.”Andyet,thespaces(28)__________(empty)bylossaremorethanfilledbywhatI’vefound.Inowhavethechance(29)__________(see)themasthewholeworlddoesbutalsolikenooneelseeverwill.AsadultsIhappenedtohelpcreate.Therooms(30)__________theboysusedtolivelookvacant.Ifeelsadnessbutalsojoy.Iknewtheywouldleave,buttheywillfindtheirwayback.Myhomeisempty.Butoverflowing.【答案】21.do

22.less

23.had