4ListeningandspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCultureexpressPronunciationandlisteningskillsConversationPassageNewsreportTips在英語雙音節詞或多音詞中,有一個音節要重讀，這個音節就是重讀音節，其他音節要弱讀,叫弱讀音節或非重讀音節。音標中重讀音節前要加重音符號'，如：happy/'h?pi/,hotel/h??'tel/。重讀音節需要讀得重而強,而弱讀音節則要讀得輕而弱。Listentosomewordsandputthemintothecorrespondingcolumnsaccordingtotheirstresspatterns.mountainboyfriendguitarhospitaldangerouspolitetomorrowairportpianohomeworkimportantalongbeautifulyesterdayumbrella雙音節詞三音節詞重音在第一個音節重音在第二個音節重音在第一個音節重音在第二個音節mountainguitaryesterdaytomorrowListentosomewordsandputthemintothecorrespondingcolumnsaccordingtotheirstresspatterns.Listentosomewordsandputthemintothecorrespondingcolumnsaccordingtotheirstresspatterns.雙音節詞三音節詞重音在第一個音節重音在第二個音節重音在第一個音節重音在第二個音節mountain______________________________guitar____________________yesterday______________________________tomorrow________________________boyfriendairporthomework

alongpolitedangeroushospitalbeautifulpianoimportant

umbrellaWordtips

designv.設計ShabtaiHirshberg沙巴泰·赫什伯格tricycle

n.（尤指幼兒騎的）三輪自行車therapistn.治療專家；治療師psychologistn.心理學家recoverv.恢復健康；康復1WhendidShabtaiHirshbergfindouttheproblemswiththedesignofa

tricycle?A.Duringavisittoatricyclestore.B.Duringavisittoafactoryworkshop.C.Duringavisittoanotherdesigner’sworkshop.D.Duringavisittoacenterfordisabledchildren.Listentoanewsreportandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.2Whojoinedinimprovingthetricycle?A.Someteachers.C.Somephysicaltherapists.3

Whatdowelearnabouttheimprovedtricycle?A.Itcanbeusedforfun.

B.There’sawidemarketforit.C.Ithelpsdisabledchildrenrecover.D.Itworkswellonlyforthedisabled.B.Someparents.D.Somedisabledpeople.Listentoanewsreportandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.Scripts:Nowadays,manynewthingsarebeinginventedanddesignedtohelpdisabledpeople.Duringavisittoacenterfordisabledchildren,theindustrialdesignerShabtaiHirshbergsawaboyoncrutchestryingtogetontoatricycle.Theboywouldn’tletanyonehelphim,andgothislegcaughtontheseat.WhenShabtaisawtheproblemswiththisdesign,hestartedworkingwithphysicaltherapistsandachildpsychologisttobuildabettertricycle.Theimprovedtricycleallowsdisabledchildrentouseitwithouthelp,andalsohelpsthemrecover.Thedesignisfunandworkswellforanychild.2WhatwillAnndotohelpGeorge?A.PracticewithGeorge.B.HelpGeorgereviewfortheexam.C.TeachGeorgesomelisteningskills.D.SharesomelisteningmaterialswithGeorge.Wordtips

1WhatisGeorge’sattitudetowardtheexam?A.Happy.C.Worried.pessimistic

a.悲觀的；悲觀主義的dueto由于；因為lackn.不足；缺乏B.Excited.D.Uninterested.1Listentoaconversationandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.

2Listentotheconversationagainanddecidewhetherthestatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).1Georgethinkshemayfailtheexambecauseofhispoorspeakingskills.2AnnthinksthatthereasonwhyGeorgeisnotgoodatlisteningishislackofpatience.3AnnbelievesifGeorgepracticesalot,hewillpasstheexam.FFTScripts:George:

Ann:

George:

Ann:George:

Ann:George:Ann,I’mafraidI’mgoingtofailmyEnglishexamagain.Whyareyousopessimistic,George?Becauselisteningisalwaysmyweakness.I’mjustnotgoodatit.Isthattheonlyreason?Itmaybeduetoyourlackofpractice.Youareprobablyright.Don’tworryaboutit.Practicemakesperfect.I’llsharewithyousomelisteningmaterials.Theymightbehelpfulinpreparingfortheexam.Ibelieveyoucanpasstheexamifyoupracticealot.Oh,thankyou.That’sveryniceofyou.3Role-playaconversationinpairsaccordingtooneofthesituations.YoumayrefertotheFunctionallanguage.Situation1Situation2AandBhaveplannedtogotothemoviestogether.JustbeforeBleavesforthemovietheater,AcallsBtocanceltheplan.Aislateforthefirstclassinthemorning.Aexplainsthereasonforhis/herlatenesstoB,theteacher.3Role-playaconversationinpairsaccordingtooneofthesituations.YoumayrefertotheFunctionallanguage.A:Saysorryforbeinglate/absent(缺席).B:AcceptA’sapology(道歉)andaskaboutthereason.A:TellAthereasonforbeinglate/absent.B:Expressunderstanding.A:Showthanks.GuidedconversationA:

Saysorryforbeinglate/absent(缺席).B:AcceptA’sapology(道歉)andaskaboutthereason.A:TellAthereasonforbeinglate/absent.B:Expressunderstanding.A:Showthanks.3Role-playaconversationinpairsaccordingtooneofthesituations.YoumayrefertotheFunctionallanguage.GuidedconversationFUNCTIONALLANGUAGEAskingaboutreasons?Whyare/doyou…??

Isthatthe(only)reason??Why??MayIknowthereason??Whyisthat??

Couldyoutellmethereason?Givingreasons?Because(of)…?Itisdueto…?…istheresultof…?

…iscausedby…?Dueto/Owingto…Sample

conversationSituation1IamsosorrythatI’mlatefortheclass,ProfessorBrown.That’sallright.MayIknowthereason?Igotastomachachethismorning,soIhadtoseethedoctorbeforeIcametotheclass.Iamsorrytohearthat.Hopeyougetwellsoon.Iamfeelingbetternow.Thankyouverymuch!Ann:Brown:Ann:

Brown:Ann:Sample

conversationSituation2Hi,George,IamterriblysorrythatIcan’tseethemoviewithyouas

planned.It’sOK,butcouldyoutellmethereason?Mymotherhasameetingthisafternoon,soIhavetostayathometotakecareofmybaby

brother.Ann:George:Ann:

Sample

conversationSituation2Isee.Don’tworry.Wecangoanothertime.Thanksalot!George:Ann:

1Whatwasthespeakerdoing?A.Sittingonthebeach.C.Buildingasandcastle.

2Whatwerethechildrendoing?

A.Watchingthesea.B.Swimminginthesea.C.Runningonthebeach.D.Buildingasandcastle.knockdown摧毀,拆毀(建筑物或其中一部分)edgen.

邊緣Wordtips

B.Swimminginthesea.D.Takingcareofchildren.1Listentoapassageandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.

3Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Toteachchildrenhowtobuildsandcastles.B.Totellchildrenhowtoprotecttheirsandcastles.C.Totellpeoplehowtodealwithfrustrations(挫折).D.Toteachpeoplehowtolearnalessonfromothers.1Listentoapassageandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.1Thespeakerwassittingonthebeachandtalkingtotwochildren.2Abigwavedestroyedthechildren’swork.3Thechildrenweresosadthattheybegancrying.4Thechildrensatdownandbegantoworkagain.5Thespeakerfeltsadforthechildren.FTFTF2Listentothepassageagainanddecidewhetherthestatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).Scripts:Iwassittingonthebeachonahotsummer’sday,watchingtwochildren,aboyandagirl,playingwiththesand.Theywereworkinghardatbuildingasandcastle.Whentheyfinished,abigwavecamealongandknockeditdown.Ithoughtthechildrenwouldcryafteralltheirhardworkhadturnedtonothing.Buttheysurprisedme.Handinhand,theygotupandranawayfromthewater’sedge,thensatdowntobuildanotherone.Theyreallytaughtmealesson.Ifthingsgowrong,weshouldn’tsitaroundandfeelsorryforourselves.Withthehelpfromourfriends,wecanalwaysstartagain.A:Whatwastheweatherlike?B:…A:Whatwasthespeakerdoing?B:…A:Whomwasthespeakerwatching?B:…A:Whathappenedwhenthetwochildrenfinishedbuildingasandcastle?B:…A:Whatdidthespeakerlearnfromthechildren?B:…3

Workinpairsandretellthestorybyaskingandansweringthequestions.ReferenceanswersA:B:

A:B:A:B:A:Whatwastheweatherlike?Itwasveryhot.Whatwasthespeakerdoing?Thespeakerwassittingonthebeach.Whomwasthespeakerwatching?Thespeakerwaswatchingtwochildrenplayingwiththesand.Whathappenedwhenthetwochildrenfinishedbuildingasandcastle?ReferenceanswersB:

A:B:Abigwavecamealongandknockeddownthesandcastle.Whatdidthespeakerlearnfromthechildren?Thespeakerlearnedfromthechildrenthatifthingsgowrong,weshouldn’tsitaroundandfeelsorryforourselves.Withthehelpfromourfriends,wecanalwaysstartagain.OverviewInourlife,wewillcomeacrosssomeideasthatcanenlightenus,changeus,orevenshapeus.SteveJobs,afteravisittoaninstitutebuiltontheprinciplesoftheBauhaus,realizedthatthesimpleandcleandesignstylewaswhathewantedforhiscomputers.Wewillalsomeetpeopleinourlifewhoteachussomething.Theexperiencewillmakeourlifemorecolorfulandmemorable.Therefore,weshouldtreasurethesespecialgiftsoflifeastheymayhelpusunderstandwhoweareandwhatwecanbe.Campus“Romance”SteveJobsandtheBauhausLead-inText-studyExercises>Lead-inPre-readingVideoappreciation>Pre-reading1LookattheproductsinthetwopictureswhicharedesignedbasedontheBauhaus’principlesofsimpleandcleandesign.DiscussifthereareanysimilaritiesindesignbetweenAppleproductsandtheproductsinthepictures.Workingroupsanddotheactivity.Referenceanswers>Pre-readingYes.Theyaresimilarinnature.Accordingtothepicturesofthethreechairsandthehouse,wecanseethatBauhausisastylewhichputsemphasisondesigningpracticalobjectsthataresimple,clean,beautifulandeasytouse.IntermsofApple’sproducts,theyarealwaysdesignedtolookclean,simple,andeasytounderstand.Therefore,bothApple’sproductsandtheproductsinthepicturesareexamplesoftheprinciplesofsimpleandcleandesign.What’smore,theyallhaveverypracticaldesign,whichmeansthefunctionsoftheseproductsarefulfilled.>Pre-readingWorkingroupsanddotheactivity.2WhatarethedifferencesbetweenBauhausbuildingdesignandtraditionalChinesebuildingdesign？Workingroupsanddotheactivity.2WhatarethedifferencesbetweenBauhausbuildingdesignandtraditionalChinesebuildingdesign？ReferenceanswersTheBauhausstyletendstofeaturesimplegeometricshapeslikerectanglesandspheres,withoutelaboratedecorations.Buildings,furniture,andfontsoftenfeatureroundedcornersandsometimesroundedwalls.Otherbuildingsarecharacterizedbyrectangularfeatures,forexampleprotrudingbalconieswithflat,chunkyrailingsfacingthestreet,andlongbanksofwindows.Forexample,BrunoHouse,at3StraussStreet,designedbyZe’evHaller1933;PaceBeijing,751D-Parkatthe798ArtDistrict.>Pre-reading>Pre-readingTraditionalChinesearchitectureenjoysalonghistoryandgreatachievements,andcreatedmanyarchitecturalmiraclessuchastheForbiddenCityandtheTempleofHeaven.Intheprocessofitsdevelopment,superiorarchitecturaltechniquesandartisticdesignwerecombinedtomakeuniqueChinesearchitecturalcharacteristics.Firstly,Chinesearchitecturetendstobeharmonywithnature.Chinesebuildingsde-emphasizeverticalwalls.Instead,aheavyplatformunderliesalargeroof,seekingtodemonstratebreadthandsolidity.Forexample,TheImperialPalaceintheForbiddenCityhasceilingsmuchlowerthanthoseofequivalentspacesinVersaillesorBuckinghamPalace.>Pre-readingSecondly,Chinesearchitectureisalsohighlysymmetrical,whichtheoreticallysupportstheproperorderofthingsandconnotesasenseofgreatness.Manystructuresfollowthestrictprincipleofacenteraxissurroundedbysymmetricalwings,suchthattheoverallappearanceoftheindividualstructureisoneofperfectsymmetry.Youcanfindthisfeatureinmanyresidences,officialbuildings,

temples,

andpalaces.Forexample,thearrangementwithintheForbiddenCityissymmetrical.Thethronesymbolizingimperialpowerispositionedatthecenterofthiscentralaxis.Thirdly,

AncientChinesesawearthassquareandheavenasround,whichisaphilosophyideareflectedinChinesearchitecture.Forexample,>Pre-readingtheTempleofHeavenisaperfectillustrationofbalanceandharmony.Itisenclosedwithalongwall.Thenorthernpartwithinthewallissemicircularsymbolizingtheheavensandthesouthernpartissquaresymbolizingtheearth.Thenorthernpartishigherthanthesouthernpart.ThisdesignshowsthattheheavenishighandtheearthislowandreflectsanancientChinesethoughtof“Theheavenisroundandtheearthissquare”.Finally,Chinesearchitecturehasreservedcertaindesignsofarchitecturalfeaturesforpeopleofdifferentstatus.Aspectsofthebuildingsuchasheight,color,material,andsizeofthehousewereallregulatedbylaw>Pre-readingaccordingtorankofthefamilylivingthere.Forexample,yellowrooftilesanddragonsdecorationswerereservedfortheemperor.>VideoappreciationWalterGropiusfoundedtheBauhausinGermanyin1919.Doyouknowsomeinformationaboutit?Inthefollowingpart,you’llwatchavideoclipabouttheBauhaus.Answerthefollowingquestionsafterwatching.1WhatkindofschoolistheBauhaus?ReferenceanswersTheBauhausisaschoolinGermanytrainingdesignersinallfields.Tothisday,mostdesigneducationisbasedontheBauhausteachingmethod.TheBauhauswastheplacewhereallthepreviousmovementsandstylescametogether.Atthecoreofallthesepriormovements,constructivism,futurism,ArtNouveau,Jugendstil,andartsandcraftswastheideathatdesigncouldmaketheworldabetterplace.Thiswastheguidingprinciple>VideoappreciationattheBauhaus.TheBauhauswasasignificantschoolofartinthe20thcenturyandwasresponsibleforthedevelopmentofmanyprominentBauhausartists.>VideoappreciationWalterGropiusfoundedtheBauhausinGermanyin1919.Doyouknowsomeinformationaboutit?Inthefollowingpart,you’llwatchavideoclipabouttheBauhaus.Answerthefollowingquestionsafterwatching.2Accordingtothevideo,whatarethecentralideasofmodernism?ReferenceanswersFirst,adesignershouldstriveforthehighestqualityandcraftsmanship.Second,lessismore.Third,workshouldbetruetoitsmaterials.Next,formfollowsfunction.TextreadingOrganizationofthetextLanguagepoints>Text-study1Greatideasaretimeless.TheworksofPlatoandShakespearespeaktousnowastheydidthen.WecansaythesameaboutBauhausideas,whichSteveJobsusedtoproducesomeofourowntime’swell-knownproducts.2TheBauhauswasaschoolofartanddesignestablishedinWeimar,Germanyin1919.Itsnamemeans“houseofbuilding”,anditsmissionwastodesignpracticalobjectsthatwerebeautifulandeasytouse.ManyconsidertheBauhaustobethemostinfluentialdesigninstitutionofthe20thcentury.3AlthoughtheBauhausisprobablymostwell-knownforitsbuildingdesign,Bauhausmastersdesignedeverythingfromfurnitureandclothestotypefacesandtablesettings.Theyalsodidpaintingandphotography.SteveJobsandtheBauhaus>Text-readingTheywantedthefineartsandpracticalartstocometogetherandtheyfocusedontheproductasawhole.Intheirdesigns,theBauhausmastersvaluedhowaproductworkedaswellashowitlooked.ManyBauhausdesignsarestillproducednow.Theyseemasfreshtodayastheydidwhentheywerecreatedaboutacenturyago.4SteveJobsgrewupinaworldbuiltonBauhausprinciples.Hisfamily’shouse,theonewiththegaragewhereApplewasborn,reflectedBauhausprinciplesofsimple,cleandesign,whichdidn’tcosttoomuch.Afterheleftcollege,Jobscontinuedtolearnabouttypography.Simple,cleantypefaceswereveryimportanttotheBauhauslook.5In1981,SteveJobsattendedadesignconferenceattheAspenInstitute.Itscampus,furniture,livingquarters,andeventhetypographyweredesigned>Text-readingbyBauhausarchitectHerbertBayer.Jobsrealizedthiswasthelookhewantedforhiscomputers.Heknewitwouldsell,helppeopletoworkwell,andalsomaketheirworkingspaceslookmorebeautiful.6Ofcourse,theproductscreatedbytheBauhausandAppleareverydifferent,butathearttheyaresimilar.Theyarebothexamplesoftheprinciplesofsimpleandcleandesign.>Text-reading>OrganizationofthetextPartI(Para.______)Greatideasaretimeless.PartII(Paras.______)ThebackgroundinformationandthedesignprinciplesoftheBauhaus.PartIII(Paras.______)TheproductscreatedbytheBauhausandApplearedifferentbutsimilaratheart.Structure12-34-5SteveJobswasinspiredbyBauhausideasinhislife.PartIV(Para.______)6a.remainingattractiveandnotbecomingold-fashioned萬古長新的；永不過時的-less是后綴，具有否定（不，無）的意思，一般加在名詞后，構成形容詞。例如：thoughtless（欠考慮的），worthless（無價值的），

senseless（無意義的），fearless（無畏的），hopeless（絕望的）。Musicistimeless,attractingpeopleofdifferentgenerations.音樂是永恒的，吸引著不同年齡層的人。(Para.1)>Languagepoints他的佳作有一種永恒的品質。Thereisatimelessqualitytohisbestwork.timeless柏拉圖和莎士比亞的作品一如往夕地向我們述說著他們的思想。as此處作連詞，引導方式狀語從句，表示“按照；以……方式；像……一樣”。WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.入鄉隨俗TheworksofPlatoandShakespearespeaktousnowastheydidthen.(Para.1)>Languagepointsv.tomakethingstobesold,especiallyinlargequantities生產；制造Thiscompanyproducesmicrochips.這家公司生產微芯片。produce(Para.1)>Languagepointsa.fullyorwidelyknown眾所周知的well-known是一個由“副詞+過去分詞”構成的復合形容詞。“副詞/形容詞+過去分詞/現在分詞”構成的復合形容詞比較常用。如：kind-hearted（熱心腸的），good-looking（好看的），old-fashioned（守舊的），newly-built（新建的）。well-known(Para.1)>LanguagepointsI’mold-fashionedandIlikethepapercopy.我很守舊，我喜歡紙質的。a.fullyorwidelyknown眾所周知的well-known是一個由“副詞+過去分詞”構成的復合形容詞。“副詞/形容詞+過去分詞/現在分詞”構成的復合形容詞比較常用。如：kind-hearted（熱心腸的），good-looking（好看的），old-fashioned（守舊的），newly-built（新建的）。Thisgirlisgood-lookingandsmart.這個女孩又好看又聰明。well-known(Para.1)>Languagepointsv.tostartacompany,organization,system,etc.thatisintendedtoexistorcontinueforalongtime建立；設立Ourgoalistoestablishanewmusiccenterintheregion.我們的目標是在這個地區建立一個新的音樂中心。establish(Para.2)>Languagepoints它的名字意為“建筑之家”，其使命是設計美觀、易用的實用物品。beeasytouse意思是“易于使用”。在某些“be+形容詞+todo”結構中的不定式表示被動意義。在這類結構中，句子主語就是不定式的邏輯賓語，習慣上用主動表被動。這類形容詞常見的有amusing,awful,cheap,convenient,dangerous,difficult,easy,expensive,extraordinary,funny,hard,horrible,important,simple,splendid,strange,useful等。Thissoftwareissimpletoinstallandeasytolearn.這個軟件安裝簡單，易于學習。Itsnamemeans“houseofbuilding”,anditsmissionwastodesignpractical

objectsthatwerebeautifulandeasytouse.(Para.2)>Languagepointsn.anaimthatisveryimportanttoapersonororganization使命；天職Onemissionoftheartschoolistoprovidethehighestqualityeducationandprofessionaltrainingforstudents.藝術學院的使命之一是為學生提供最高質量的教育和專業培訓。mission(Para.2)>Languagepointsa.connectedwithrealsituationsratherthanwithideasortheories實際的；真實的；客觀存在的Therearesomeobviouspracticalapplicationsoftheresearch.這項研究有一些明顯的實際用途。

practical(Para.2)>Languagepoints許多人認為包豪斯學院是二十世紀最具影響力的設計機構。themostinfluential是形容詞最高級，意思是“最有影響力的”。英語中形容詞最高級的變化規則是：在部分雙音節詞和多音節詞的原級前加most。如：careful的最高級為mostcareful;difficult的最高級為mostdifficult。

ManyconsidertheBauhaustobethemostinfluentialdesigninstitutionofthe20thcentury.(Para.2)>LanguagepointsTodaywearegoingtotalkaboutoneofthemostinfluentialsocialscientistsofthelastcentury.今天我們要談談上個世紀最有影響力的社會科學家之一。themostinfluential是形容詞最高級，意思是“最有影響力的”。英語中形容詞最高級的變化規則是：在部分雙音節詞和多音節詞的原級前加most。如：careful的最高級為mostcareful;difficult的最高級為mostdifficult。

ManyconsidertheBauhaustobethemostinfluentialdesigninstitutionofthe20thcentury.(Para.2)>LanguagepointsThisisthemostinterestingbookIhaveeverread.這是我讀過的最有趣的書。許多人認為包豪斯學院是二十世紀最具影響力的設計機構。n.alargeorganizationthathasaparticularkindofworkorpurpose機構；團體TheEuropeanParliamentisnotaninstitutionwhichexcitesinterestinvoters.歐洲議會是個激不起選民興趣的機構。

institution(Para.2)>LanguagepointsAlthoughtheBauhausisprobablymostwell-knownforitsbuildingdesign,

Bauhausmastersdesignedeverythingfromfurnitureandclothesto

typefacesandtablesettings.雖然包豪斯學院可能最著名的是其建筑設計，但包豪斯大師們設計了從家具、服裝到印刷字體和餐桌布置的所有物品。although:conj.despitethefactthat雖然；盡管although引導讓步狀語從句，通常情況下可以和though互換，不能和but聯用。Althoughthesunwasshining,itwasn’tverywarm.雖然有陽光，但并不很暖和。(Para.2)>Languagepointsn.acompletesetofequipmentforeatingwith(knife,fork,spoon,glass,etc.)foroneperson,arrangedonatable（供一人用的）一副餐具setting(Para.3)>Languagepointsaplacesetting一個座位的整套餐具n.acompletesetofequipmentforeatingwith(knife,fork,spoon,glass,etc.)foroneperson,arrangedonatable（供一人用的）一副餐具setting(Para.3)>LanguagepointsShestudiesinacollegeinacharmingmountainsetting.她在一所坐落在迷人的山區的大學里學習。setting作名詞還有“背景；環境theplacewheresth.isorwheresth.happens,andthegeneralenvironment”的意思。togivealotofattentiontooneparticularperson,subject,orthing關注；注意Theteacherremindedhertofocusonthedetailswhenpainting.老師提醒她畫畫時要注意細節。focuson(Para.3)>Languagepoints在他們的設計中，包豪斯大師們不僅重視產品的外觀，也重視產品的功用。aswellas常用來連接兩個并列的成分，表示“不但……而且；也；還”。它強調的是前一項，后一項只是順便提及，因此連接并列主語時，謂語動詞與前一項一致。Moreadventurousdishesaswellastraditionalfavoritesareonthemenu.菜單上既有傳統美食，也有更大膽的菜肴。

Intheirdesigns,theBauhausmastersvaluedhowaproductworkedaswellashowitlooked.(Para.3)在高速公路上和在城市里一樣有速度限制。Therearespeedlimitsonthehighwaysaswellasinthecities.>Languagepointsn.thebasicideathataplanorsystemisbasedon原則；原理；基本的觀念principle(Para.4)>LanguagepointsTheprojectworkedontheprinciplethateachperson’sexperiencewasequallyvaluable.這個項目的原則是每個人的經驗都是同等寶貴的。n.thebasicideathataplanorsystemisbasedon原則；原理；基本的觀念principle(Para.4)>LanguagepointsIagreewithitinprinciplebutIdoubtifitwillhappeninpractice.我原則上同意它，但我懷疑它在實踐中是否會發生。inprinciple原則上Hisfamily’shouse,theonewiththegaragewhereApplewasborn,reflected

Bauhausprinciplesofsimple,cleandesign,whichdidn’tcosttoomuch.他家的房子，就是帶有蘋果公司誕生的車庫的那座房子，體現了包豪斯簡單、干凈的設計原則，成本不高。此處，theonewiththegaragewhereApplewasborn是hisfamily’shouse的同位語，對其進行補充說明，其中whereApplewasborn是修飾thegarage的定語從句。Mymostfamousrelativeofall,theonewhoreallylefthismarkonAmerica,wasSussel,mygreat-grandfather.我最著名的親戚，真正在美國留下印記的人，是我的曾祖父蘇塞爾。(Para.4)>Languagepointsn.abuildingforkeepingacarin,usuallynexttoorattachedtoahouse車庫；停車房Theyhaveturnedthegarageintoastudy.他們把車庫改建成了書房。garage(Para.4)>Languagepointsn.theartorworkofpreparingbooks,etc.forprinting,especiallyofdesigninghowtextwillappearwhenitisprinted排印；版面設計Typographyisanintegralpartofanydesign.版面設計是任何設計不可或缺的組成部分。

typography(Para.4)>Languagepointsn.aformalmeetingwherepeoplediscussimportantmatters會議Hewasaguestspeakerattheconference.他是會議的特邀演講人。conference(Para.5)>Languagepointsn.[pl.]roomsorbuildingsforpeopletolivein住所；寓所Weweremovedtomorecomfortablelivingquarters.我們搬進了較舒適的住處。

quarters(Para.5)>Languagepointsn.sb.whosejobistodesignbuildings建筑師Thearchitectisdrawingupplansforthenewoffices.建筑師正在繪制新辦公樓的設計圖。architect(Para.5)>Languagepointsusedtosaywhatsb.orsth.isreallylike本質上；實際上Hewasaverygentleboyatheart.他本質上是個非常溫柔的男孩。atheart(Para.5)>Languagepoints她本質上是個非常熱情的舞者，熱愛自己的工作。Sheisatheartaveryenthusiasticdancerwholovesherjob.a.lookingorbeingalmost,butnotexactly,thesame相似的；近似similar(Para.6)>LanguagepointsThebrotherslookverysimilar.這兩兄弟長得很像。a.lookingorbeingalmost,butnotexactly,thesame相似的；近似similar(Para.6)>LanguagepointsThebasicdesignofthecarisverysimilartothatofearliermodels.這種汽車的基本設計與早期型號非常相似。besimilartosb./sth.與……相似>ExercisesComprehensionVocabularyandstructureTranslationBankedclozeOralwork>Comprehension1

Readthepassageandmatchitssixparagraphswiththeirmainideas.Paragraph1Paragraph2Paragraph3Paragraph4Paragraph5Paragraph6SteveJobswasinspiredbythedesignofaBauhausarchitect.TheproductscreatedbytheBauhausandApplearedifferentbutsimilaratheart.ThebackgroundinformationabouttheBauhausisintroduced.SteveJobswassurroundedbyBauhausideasinhisyounglife.Greatideasaretimeless.ThedesignscopeandprinciplesoftheBauhausareshown.ACDEFB>Comprehension1

TheBauhausmastersdesignedmanypracticalobjects,includingfurnitureandtypefaces.2ThehouseofSteveJobs’familywasbuiltonBauhausprinciplesofsimple,cleandesign.3

AtadesignconferenceattheAspenInstitute,SteveJobsrealizedwhathewantedforhiscomputers.4

SteveJobs’productdesignwasalsoinfluencedbytheworksofPlatoandShakespeare.TTTF2Readthepassageagainanddecidewhetherthestatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).3Readthepassageagain.Workingroupsanddiscussthequestions.1WhydomanypeopleconsidertheBauhaustobethemostinfluentialdesigninstitutionofthe20thcentury?Referenceanswers>ComprehensionBecausethemissionoftheBauhauswastodesignpracticalobjectsthatwerebeautifulandeasytouse.Bauhausmastersdesignedeverythingfromfurnitureandclothestotypefacesandtablesettings.Theyalsodidpaintingandphotography.Theywantedthefineartsandpracticalartstocometogetherandtheyfocusedontheproductasawhole.Intheirdesigns,theBauhausmastersvaluedhowaproductworkedaswellashowitlooked.ManyBauhausdesignsarestillproducednow.Theyseemasfreshtodayastheydidwhentheywerecreatedaboutacenturyago.3Readthepassageagain.Workingroupsanddiscussthequestions.2Whata