PAGEUnit3TheworldofscienceSectionⅢDevelopingideas【學習目標】1．語言學問：declaration，attach，account，beyond，comeupwith,focuson,contributeto,tie...to...，主謂一樣的部分結構。2．語言技能：能依據語篇標題預料語篇的內容；依據須要設計合理的語篇技能。Ⅰ.核心單詞1．________adj.被動的2．________prep.無法……3．________n.例子，實例4．________adj.精彩的，非凡的5．________adj.聰穎的，才華橫溢的6．________n.學說，理論7．________n.藥劑；療法8．________n.(科學)試驗9．________n.虛構的事，想象的事10．________v.系，綁；貼11．________n.重力，引力12．________n.記述，描述13．________n.證明，證據14．________n.程序，步驟，手續Ⅱ.拓展單詞1．________adj.重要的→________n.重要性2．________v.使受傷→________adj.受傷的→________n.傷口3．________n.化學家→________n.化學4．________n.天文學家→________n.天文學5．________n.生物學家→________n.生物學6．________adj.精確的→________n.精確7．________adj.小的→________n.少數8．________n.起源→________adj.最初的→________adv.起初；原來9．________adj.精神的→________adv.精神上地10．________adj.科學(上)的→________n.科學→________n.科學家11．________adv.完全地→________adj.完全的，完全的12．________n.聲明；宣告→________v.宣布Ⅲ.閱讀單詞1．speciesn.____________2．streamn.____________3．radiumn.____________4．draftv.____________n.____________5．lightningn.____________6．metaln.____________7．flashn.____________8．conductv.____________Ⅳ.重點短語，英漢互譯1．nameafter____________2．dueto____________3．alongwith____________4．beregardedas____________5．thenumberof...____________6．apartfrom____________7．comeupwith____________8．____________為……做出貢獻9．____________用心于10．____________把……系在……上Ⅴ.重點句型1．Peoplewantedtoknow________lightningwasreallyproducedbyelectricityorsomethingelse.人們想知道閃電是否真的由電或其他東西產生。2．However,________thestory________thedetailsoftheexperimentareentirelytrue.然而，這個故事和試驗的細微環節都不是完全真實的。3．...,____________________ithithimonthehead.沒有證據表明這個蘋果砸到了他的頭。4．ButscientistsallagreethatifFranklin__________________thekey,he______________________fromtheelectricshock.但是科學家們一樣認為，假如富蘭克林真的摸了鑰匙，他確定會死于電擊。Ⅰ.速讀：匹配下列段落大意1．Part1(Para.1)________2．Part2(Para.2)________3．Part3(Para.3)________4．Part4(Para.4)________5．Part5(Para.5)________6．Part6(Para.6)________A．Factsshouldbeprovedbyexperimentsandresearch.B．Thereasonwhyscientistsoftenquestionacceptedideas.C．ThedetailedprocedureofFranklin'sexperimentwithlightning.D．ThegreateffectofFranklin'sexperimentonscienceandinventions.E．Neitherthestorynorthedetailsoftheexperimentareentirelytrue.F．BenjaminFranklin'sfamousexperimentwithlightningmaybefiction.Ⅱ.細讀：選擇最佳答案1．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Scientificresearchshouldbebasedontruth.B．Franklin'sexperimentwithlightningisveryfamous.C．Franklin'sexperimentwithlightningisacompletefiction.D．Weshouldn'tquestionsomefamousscientists'experiments.2．WhydidFranklinmadetheexperimentwithlightning?A．Hewasinterestedinflyingkites.B．Hewantedtoshowhisbraveryandhisuniquemethod.C．Hedesiredtoprovethathewasmorecapablethanotherscientists.D．Hewaseagertoknowwhetherlightningwasreallyproducedbyelectricityorsomethingelse.3．WhichisthecorrectexperimentalproceduresofFranklin'sexperimentwithlightning?a．Heraisedthekitewithapieceofstringtiedtoitandametalkeywasattachedtothestring.b．Franklintouchedthekeywithhisfingerandgotanelectricshock.c．Aflashoflightninghitthekite,andelectricitywasconductedthroughthestringtothekey.d．Thisprovedthatlightningwasaformofelectricity.A．a－b－c－dB．a－b－d－cC．a－c－b－dD．b－a－d－c4．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtheeffectofFranklin'sexperiment?A．Hehassetagoodexampleinscientificdiscoveriesandinventions.B．Inordertoseektruth,scientistsshouldmakedangerousexperiments.C．Ithasinspiredusthatscientificexperimentsplayanimportantpartinestablishingthetruth.D．Manyschoolchildrenhavebeenamazedbyhisbraveryandhisscientificapproachtolookingfortruth.5．Whatcanweinferfromthelastthreeparagraphs?A．Peopletendtobelieveintruthinsteadoftheinterestingfiction.B．Scientistsdon'tthinkFranklinreallytouchedthekeyduringtheexperiment.C．ScientistsneverquestionthestoryabouttheapplethatfellonNewton'shead.D．PeoplehavebeenmoreinspiredbythefactsthemselvesthanFranklin'sspiritofscientificexploration.Ⅲ.品讀：完成佳句翻譯依據課文語境與語句學問細致解構語句譯文：________________________________就是這位美國開國元勛和科學家在1752年的一次暴風雨中________________________。譯文：有些(科學家)甚至質疑關于落在牛頓頭上，________________________的蘋果的故事。?第一版塊：重點詞匯詮釋1.declarationn.宣布；宣告declaresth.宣布某事declarethat...宣布/宣告……declarefor/against聲明贊成/反對declarewaron向……宣戰declare...(tobe)．..宣布……是……declaresth.open/closed宣布某事起先/結束[經典例句]①Americansbelieveintheideal,asstatedintheirDeclarationofIndependence,thatallmenarecreatedequal.美國人信任全部人天生是同等的這個志向，正如他們在《獨立宣言》中陳述的一樣。②Theareahasbeendeclaredanationalpark.這地區已宣布為國家公園。[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子(1)SeveralboyswerecrowdingaroundChad,whodeclaredwithaproudsmile________hesoldsixdozenthedaybefore.(2)Germany________________(宣戰)Franceon1August1914.易混辨析：announce/declareannounce指正式地“公開；發表；宣布”，側重“預報”人們所關切或感愛好的事情，尤指新聞之類的消息declare指正式地、明確地向公眾“宣布；宣告；聲明”，側重“當眾”發表，多用于宣戰、議和、宣判、表明立場等

2.attachvt.系，綁；貼(1)attach...to把……附加在……上attachimportanceto...認為……重要/有意義(2)attachedadj.附屬的，依戀的，仰慕的beattachedto...附屬于；依戀于；仰慕(3)attachmentn.附屬物，附件[經典例句]①Don'tforgettocheckthatyourattachmentisactuallyattachedtotheemail.不要遺忘檢查你附在郵件上的附件。②Duringtheoperation,MrLiuhadanewhandattached.在手術中，劉先生被接上了一只新手。③Ourgovernmentattachesmuchimportancetoeducationnow,whichenablessomanypeopletobewelleducated.我們的政府現在特別重視教化，這才使很多人接受到良好的教化。[即學即練]寫出下列句中attach及相關短語的含義/完成句子(1)Withtheskingone,towhatcanthehairattachitself？________(2)Thehighschoolisattachedtothatuniversity.________(3)Wemustattachimportancetotheeducationofthechildren.________(4)Itissaidthatthehospital________________(附屬于)thatuniversity.(5)He____________________________(特別重視)whathisparentssaid.(6)Theoldman________________(特別依戀)oldcustomsandhabits.聯想拓展：attach短語中的to均為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語。to為介詞的常見短語還有objectto反對leadto導致getusedto(doing)sth.習慣于……get/becomeaccustomedto(doing)sth.習慣于payattentionto留意；關注bedevotedto致力于3.accountn.描述，記述，說明，說明；賬戶(1)giveanaccountof賜予描述；進行說明takesth.intoaccount/takeaccountofsth.仔細考慮某事onaccountof由于，因為onnoaccount決不(置于句首時，句子用部分倒裝)openanaccount開一個賬戶(2)accountvt.&vi.認為accountfor(在數量和比例上)占，占據；是……的緣由；對……做出說明和說明[經典例句]①Youwillhavethechancetojoinoneoftheselargeassembliesandtakepartinthedancing,listentotraditionalaccountsofbravery,andplaygames.你將有機會加入這些大型集會中的一個并參與跳舞活動，傾聽傳統的英勇故事，還可以參與嬉戲節目。②Whendevelopingoureconomy,wemusttakeenvironmentalprotectionintoaccount.當發展經濟時，我們必需把環境愛護考慮在內。③Maryoftendoessometranslationworktoearnextramoney,whichaccountsforhalfofherincome.瑪麗常常做些翻譯工作來獲得額外收入，這些收入占了她收入的一半。[即學即練]寫出下列句中account的詞性及含義/句型轉換(1)Thenewspapergaveanincorrectaccountofthetrafficaccident.________(2)Somebanksmakeitdifficulttoopenanaccount,whichisespeciallyfortheold.________(3)Weallaccounthimaqualifiedteacher,andheisalsorespectedbyhisstudents.________(4)Canyouaccountforyourmovementsonthatnight？________(5)Visitorsareonnoaccountallowedtofeedanimalsinthewildlifepark.→Onnoaccount________________tofeedanimalsinthewildlifepark.聯想拓展：表示“決不”的短語小結：①innocase②bynomeans③atnotime④innoway⑤undernocircumstances

4.beyondprep.(表位置)在或者往……另一邊；(表時間)晚于；(表排斥)除……以外；(表數目)多于；(表程度)超出……的范圍；(表范圍)超出beyondone'scontrol超出某人的限制，不受某人的限制beyondcompare無與倫比beyondone'sreach夠不著，超出……之外beyondone'spower/ability超出某人的實力beyondwords/description無法形容，難以言表beyondquestion毫無疑問beyondbelief難以置信beyondrepair無法修補[經典例句]①ThebeautyoftheWestLakeisbeyonddescription.西湖的美是無法形容的。②Thedecisionisinthehandofhim;Icouldn'tdothethingsbeyondmypower.確定權在他那兒，我不能越權而為之。③Thebicyclewasbeyondrepair.自行車已損壞得無法修理。[即學即練]單句語法填空(1)—CanDavidtakechargeoftheinternationaldepartment?—I'mafraidit's________hisability.用beyond的相關短語填空(2)—Whydoyousuggestwebuyanewmachine?—Becausetheoldonehasbeendamaged____________.(3)That'sshocking____________.寫作佳句：Herperformanceatyesterday'sconcertwasbeyondcompare.她在昨天音樂會中的表演精彩絕倫。5eupwith提出；想出comeup走近；上來；發芽；發生；被提出；(太陽、月亮等)升起comeabout發生comeacross＝comeupon穿過(路、橋)；偶遇；偶然發覺cometo醒悟；總計；達到；談到cometoaconclusion得出結論；告一段落[經典例句]①Iwasamazedthathe'dcomeupwiththissweetidea.我很驚異他想到了這個好辦法。②Iplantedsomelily(百合花)seedsintheyard.Buttheyfailedtocomeup.我在院子里種了百合花種子，但是沒有發芽。[即學即練]用come相關短語填空(1)Wecan________________thatpracticemakesperfect.(2)I____________myformerteacherinthesupermarkettheotherday.(3)Aquestion____________inthemeetingyesterday.(4)We____________aquestioninthemeetingyesterday.易混辨析：comeup在指“問題、建議、方案”等被提出時為不及物動詞短語，主語常為物，無被動語態；comeupwith則為“提出”，為及物動詞短語，主語常為人，賓語為表示“建議、安排、方案等”的名詞。6.focuson用心于；專注；關注focusone'sattention/energy/mindon集中某人的留意力/精力/心思于[經典例句]Shehasturneddownseveralinvitationstostaratshowsinordertofocusonherstudies.為了集中精力學習，她已經拒絕了幾個在節目中擔當主角的邀請。[即學即練]單句語法填空(1)Wearesurroundedbypeoplewhooftenfocustheirattention________theirsmartphones.(2)Onarriving,hebegantodevotehimselfto________(solve)theproblem.聯想拓展：“聚精會神于/用心于”的其他表達：concentrateonbeburied/lost/absorbedinpayattentiontoputone'sheartintodevoteoneselfto

7.contributeto導致；有助于；對……作出貢獻(1)contribute...to...將……捐獻給……(2)contributionn.貢獻makeacontribution/contributionsto...為……做出貢獻[經典例句]①Thiscompanycontributesalargeamountofmoneytothedisaster-hitareas.這家公司向災區捐了一大筆錢。②Thosewhomakesacontributiontothedevelopmentofourcountryshouldberespected.那些為國家發展作出貢獻的人應當得到人們的敬重。[即學即練]單句語法填空(1)Freshairwillcontribute________therecoveryofyourdisease.(2)ThomasEdisonmadeagreat________(contribute)totheworld.要點必記：contribute和其名詞形式contribution搭配的to都是介詞，后加名詞或動詞的ing形式。8.tie...to...把……系在……上tieup捆綁；束縛tiesth.together把……綁在一起tie...back把……綁在后面betiedtosth.依附于某物[經典例句]①Youcantieyourhorsetothetreeandthenyoucanwanderabout.你可以把馬拴到這棵樹上，之后你可以四處逛逛。②Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedback.小偷被帶進來了，他的手被綁在后面。[即學即練]完成句子(1)他把口袋扎緊，拿到了外面。He________thebagandtookitoutside.(2)飛機將要起飛，請系好平安帶。Please________thesafetybeltwellbecauseourairplanewilltakeoff.(3)她將一朵紅色的花系到禮物的包裝盒上。She________aredflower________thepacketofthegift.易錯提示：tiehimup把他綁起來在“動副型”短語中，人稱代詞作賓語時，只能放在副詞之前。名詞作賓語時，放在副詞前后均可。?其次版塊：重點句型解構1.(教材原句)Franklin，alongwithmanyotherscientists，hasinspiredusandtaughtusthatscientificexperimentsareimportantinordertoestablishthetruthandtocontributetowardslaterscientificdiscoveriesandinventions，富蘭克林和其他很多科學家激勵我們、教化我們，科學試驗對于確定真相和為以后的科學發覺和獨創作出貢獻是重要的。本句是主從復合句，其中that引導賓語從句。hasinspired和taught是主句的并列謂語。He，alongwithhisfriends，isgoingshopping.他和摯友要去購物。Westartedearlyinordertoarrivebeforedark.為了在天黑前到達，我們很早就動身了。名師點津(1)主謂一樣的“就前原則”：由aswellas，with，alongwith，like，togetherwith，ratherthan,except,but，including,besides，inadditionto等引起的結構跟前面的主語保持一樣。(2)動詞不定式作目的狀語：①不定式作目的狀語可運用以下形式：todo，onlytodo，inordertodo，soastodo，so/such...astodo。②不定式用作目的狀語有兩個可能的位置，一是在句首，二是在句末。一般說來，用于句首屬于強調性用法，即強調動詞的目的。有時為了特殊強調目的狀語，可以在不定式之前加上inorder或soas，即構成inordertodosth.和soastodosth.結構，但soastodo不能用于句首。(3)不定式作目的狀語可以置于句首，并且當須要強調時，通常會置于句首。但位于句首的不定式不確定是目的狀語。Tocooperatewithothersisimportant.(作主語)同他人合作很重要。[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子(1)Mymother，aswellasmyfather,________(have)akeytotheroom.(2)________(save)classtime，ourteacherhasusstudentsdohalfoftheexercisesinclassandcompletetheotherhalfforourhomework.(3)醫生徹夜工作以挽救傷者的生命。__________________________________thelifeoftheinjuredman,doctorsworkedthroughthenight.2.(教材原句)However,neitherthestorynorthedetailsoftheexperimentareentirelytrue.然而，這個故事和這個試驗的細微環節都不完全是真的。(1)本句是簡潔句，句中neither...nor...結構連接并列主語，主謂一樣適用于“就近原則”。(2)neither...nor...結構也可連接其他句子成分，表示對兩者的全部否定，意為“既不……也不……”。NeitherAnnanorIaminterestedinhighfinance.安娜和我對巨額融資都不感愛好。EitherIortheyareresponsiblefortheresultofthematter.不是我，就是他們要對那件事的結果負責。Withoutmotivationyoucanneithersetagoalnorreachit.沒有動力，你制訂不了目標，也達不到目標。Ihaveneithertimenormoneyforpopfestivals.我既沒時間也沒錢來參與流行音樂節。名師點津主謂一樣的“就近原則”這一原則是指謂語動詞的人稱和數與最近作主語的詞語保持一樣，常出現在這類句子中的連詞有：or，either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...及therebe句型中。[即學即練]單句語法填空(1)NeitherInorhe________(be)toblame.(2)Notonlyhebutalsoallhisfamily________(be)fondofmusic.(3)There________(be)apen，aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.(4)Hecan________________________________.他既不會讀也不會寫。Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．Isufferedfrom________(精神的)illnessanddepressionwhenIwasyounger,andittotallyaffectedmyteenageyears.2．Thetaskrequires________(非凡的)patienceandendurance.3．Shakespeareisnotonlyagreatplaywrightbutalsoa________(才華橫溢的)poet.4．ManywordsintheEnglishlanguageareFrenchin________(起源)．5．Asachild,Adelinecouldn'tunderstandwhythemedalwasso________(重要的)．6．Thereportpresentsafaithful________(記述)oftheevent.7．Don'tforgetto________(貼)arecentphotographtoyourapplicationform.8．Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardinthe________(試驗)?9．Youshouldfollowthenormal________(程序)oryouwillgowrong.10．Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzero________(重力),andtheythinkthey'reclosetoasolution(解決方案)．Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．TheAmerican________(declare)ofwarin1917turnedthescalesagainstGermany.2．FormanystudentsWilson'shelpisnotonlyappreciated,it'salso________(entire)necessaryforthemtobeabletocompletetheircollegeeducation.3．________(science)theoriesmustbebasedonfacts.4．Theyquestionedthe________(accurate)oftheinformationinthefile.5．Itisofgreat________(significant)topromotetheBeltandRoadcooperationwithrelatedcountries.6．Ihavegrownnotonlyphysically,butalso________(mental)inthepastfewyears.7．Inmodernman,thebrainaccounts________about2%～3%oftotalbodyweight,butitconsumes25%ofthebody'senergywhenthebodyisatrest.8．Theroomstillhasmanyofits________(origin)features.9．Awar________(injure)hasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning.10．Nowdoctorsbelievetheyhavecuredhim________thedisease.Ⅲ.短語填空eyondrecognition，forinstance，todate，nameafter，dueto，lookfor，alongwith，takeplace，comeupwith，undertheinstructionsof1．Thestudentsarediscussingthemathsproblems________________________theirmathsteacher.2．Thebaby'smotherescapedfromthefire____________twootherchildren.3．Thescientistsarebeatingtheirbrainstryingto____________asolutiontotheproblem.4．Greatmenhaveoftenrisenfrompoverty,____________，LincolnandEdison.5．Themeetingwill____________asplanned.6．____________，Ihavenotreceivednewsfromhim.7．Whenhecamebacktohishometown,hefoundithadchanged________________.8．Thesearchersaretryingtheirbestto____________themissingboy.9．Thebusinessman'ssuccesswaslargely____________hisexcellentjudgment.10．Thebridge________________theherowhogavehislifeforthecauseofthepeople.Ⅳ.課文語法填空在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。NewresearchsuggeststhatBenjaminFranklin'sfamousexperimentwithlightningmaybefictioninstead1.________fact.Duringastormin1752,Franklinraisedakitewithapieceofstring2.________(tie)toit.Ametalkeywasattachedtothestring.Aflashoflightninghitthekite,andelectricity3.________(conduct)throughthestringtothekey.Franklinthentouchedthekeywithhisfingerandgotanelectricshock.Formanyyears,schools4.________(teach)thestoryofFranklin'slightningexperiment.5.________，neitherthestorynorthedetailsoftheexperiment6.________(be)entirelytrue.Thedetailaboutthestringandthekeyistrue.ButscientistsallagreethatifFranklinhad7.________(actual)touchedthekey,hewouldcertainlyhavediedfromtheelectricshock.Scientistsoftenquestionacceptedideasbecausetheywanttoestablishthefacts.Somehaveevenquestionedthestoryabouttheapple8.________fellonNewton'sheadandledhim9.________(come)upwithhistheoryofgravity.Admittedly,fictionisoften10.________(interesting)thanthetruth.Butinscience,factsshouldbeprovedbyexperimentsandresearch,andweshouldnotalwaysbelieveeverythingwereadorh