PAGE課時提能練(四十六)選修8Module4WhichEnglish?A：學問層面Ⅰ.語境語法填空(Ⅰ)用所給詞的適當形式填空MyclassmateLuoJie,1．classified(classify)asabornleader,2.wasselected(selected)monitorofourclassatthestartofthissemester.Thenhespentaboutanhour3.clarifying(clarify)hispointofviewonhowtomanageourclass.Hesaidnoneofuswassupposed4.tobetray(betray)ourclass,addingthathestrongly5.opposed(oppose)breakingtheschoolregulations.Hewouldassisttheteachersin6．overcoming(overcome)whateverdifficultiestheclassmightmeet.Hethoughtitdidn'tmatterwhathehimselfwouldlose,7．conveying(convey)themessagethatneverwouldhewithdrawfromanysetback.(Ⅱ)填入一個單詞Thereareamusementparksandthemeparks,butitisdifficulttotellthem1．apart．Bothprovideoutdoorentertainmentandrides.2.Inthissense,theyarethesamewithhardlyanydifference.Theonlydifferencebetweenthemlies3.inthefactthatthemeparksarebuiltaroundspecificthemes.Yesterday,mywifeandIagreed4.ontakingourchildtoanamusementparknorthofourcity.Theparkadmits5.ahugenumberofpeopleeveryday,theadmissionfeebeing15dollarsperperson.Youhavetobetwelveforcheaptickets—6．orratherundertwelve.Whenweenteredthepark,wegotdown7．toexploringandexperiencingadventures.Thevisittotheparkdidn'tletus8.down．Welearnedalotbygoingthroughsomethingthrilling.Ⅱ.語境短文改錯(共有5處錯誤)Tomseemedabitclumsyinlanguagestudy,especiallyintellingwordspart.Thoughtheteacherexplainedthemmanytimes,buthestillfelttheywerehardtounderstand.Tomdebatedthatthereasonlieinthefactthattheteacher'steachingmethodwasnotcorrect.Atlast,theteacherimprovedhisteachmethod.Gradually,Tom'sperformwasimproved.[答案]Tomseemedabitclumsyinlanguagestudy,especiallyintellingwordseq\f(part,apart).Thoughtheteacherexplainedthemmanytimes,hestillfelttheywerehardtounderstand.Tomdebatedthatthereasoneq\f(lie,lay)inthefactthattheteacher'steachingmethodwasnotcorrect.Atlast,theteacherimprovedhiseq\f(teach,teaching)method.Gradually,Tom'seq\f(perform,performance)wasimproved.Ⅲ.依據提示補全句子1．上周我們實行了一次關于中學生是否應當上網的辯論。(debate)Lastweek,wehadadebateon/about/overwhethermiddleschoolstudentsshouldsurftheInternet.2．對于年輕的父母來說，確定生不生二孩特別艱難。(whether...or...)Itisverydifficultforyoungparentstodecidewhethertohaveasecondchildornot．3．人們在這些地方定居下來，因為這些地方簡單到達，而且天生適合溝通和貿易。(主語＋be＋adj.＋todo...)Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.4．我們最好盡可能多地背句型。(asmany/much＋n.＋as)Wehadbetterlearnbyheartasmanysentencepatternsaswecan．5．到了政府該起先仔細處理食品平安問題的時候了。(getdownto)It'shightimethatthegovernmentgotdowntodealingwiththeproblemoffoodsafety.B：實力層面Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2024·湖北省調研考試)Manypeoplebelievethatthereisoneformoftheirlanguagethatismorecorrectthanothers.Forexample，theymaybelievethatBritishEnglishismorecorrectthanothervarieties；orthatwrittenEnglishismorecorrectthanspokenEnglish；orthatstandardspokenformsaremorecorrectthandialectforms.Oftenthisbeliefissupportedbyreferencebooksongrammar，usageguidesordictionaries：Ifsomethinggoesagainstaruleinagrammar，orifthewordisn'tinthedictionary，it“mustbewrong”．Sincethereferencebooksareoftenbasedonobservationofthestandardwrittenlanguage，theargumentisreallycircular：Thesebookswillnaturallydescribestandardusage，becausethatiswhattheyarefor；butthisdoesnotmeanthatthereisanythingwrongwithotherkindsofusagelessoftendescribed.Abetterwayoflookingatthingsistosaythatusageis“correctinitsplace”．StandardAmericanEnglishiscorrectinAmerica，BritishEnglishiscorrectinBritain，spokengrammarisacceptedincasualspeeches，andformalwrittengrammarisemployedinformalwriting.Theonlyformsthatarewronginallcontexts(語境)arelearners'errors.Forexample，“Ihaveforgettingtheyouraddress.”or“Oneofyourchairsarebroken.”Thismeansthereisnoanswertothequestion：“WhatkindofEnglishshouldlearnersstudy？”Itdependsontheirpurposes.Formanylearners，thebestmodelisBritishorAmericanEnglish.Neitheroftheseis“better”thantheother，andtheyarebothusedandunderstoodworldwide.Peoplearealsoworriedaboutlanguagechange.Ifyoungerpeople“break”therulesthatolderpeoplehavelearned，oruselanguageinnewways，olderpeopleoftenfeeldisturbed：Theyareconcernedthatyoungerpeoplenolongerknowtheirgrammar，andthatthelanguageisgoingdownhill.Thisisaneedlessworry：Changeisnaturalandinevitable；itcannotbestopped，anditdoesnotgenerallyaffectalanguage'sefficiencyasacommunicativetool.AgreatdealofmodernEnglishgrammarwouldhavebeenwrongthreehundredyearsago，andwillperhapsbewrongagainthreehundredyearsfromnow.【語篇解讀】不同的語境確定了不同的語言運用方法，所以作者認為，沒有所謂“肯定正確”和“肯定錯誤”的語言。同時我們也不必擔憂語言的發展改變，它通常不會影響語言作為溝通工具的效率。很多現代英語語法在三百年前是錯的，或許三百年后又變成錯的。1．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph1mean?A．Learnersarealwaysconfusedaboutthereferencebooks.B．Usagesnotmentionedinthereferencebooksarenotnecessarilywrong.C．Nobodycanchallengetheauthorityofthereferencebooks.D．Somewrongusagescanbefoundinthereferencebooks.B[詞義揣測題。依據第一段中的“butthisdoesnotmeanthatthereisanythingwrongwithotherkindsofusagelessoftendescribed”可知，作者認為這些參考書自然會描述標準用法，但這并不意味著參考書中未提及的用法肯定是錯的。故選B項。]2．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?A．Thereisno“standardEnglish”．B．AmericanEnglishisbetterthanBritishEnglish.C．AlearnershouldmasterallthedistinctionsofdifferentEnglish.D．TherearedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.A[段落大意題。依據其次段中的“Abetterwayoflookingatthingsistosaythatusageis‘correctinitsplace’.StandardAmericanEnglishiscorrectinAmerica,BritishEnglishiscorrectinBritain...”可知，作者認為不存在所謂“標準英語”。學習者應當學什么樣的英語？這個問題沒有答案。所以本段主要說的是沒有“標準英語”。故選A項。]3．TheunderlinedwordinParagraph3canbemostprobablyreplacedwith．A．unbelievable B．uncountableC．unacceptable D．unavoidableD[詞義揣測題。依據最終一段畫線詞后的“itcannotbestopped”可知，此處是說，語言改變是自然和不行避開的，它不能被阻擋，也通常不會影響語言作為一種溝通工具的效率。所以畫線詞應意為“不行避開的”，與unavoidable意義相近。故選D項。]4．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthechangesofEnglish?A．Disturbed. B．Cautious.C．Optimistic. D．Aggressive.C[推理推斷題。依據最終一段中的“Peoplearealsoworriedaboutlanguagechange.”和“Thisisaneedlessworry:Changeisnaturalandinevitable;itcannotbestopped,anditdoesnotgenerallyaffectalanguage'sefficiencyasacommunicativetool.”可推知，作者對于英語的改變是持樂觀看法的。故選C項。]Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2024·蘭州市診斷考試)LearningtoGiveaPepTalk(打氣)Everyonewantstobethetypeofpersonwhogivesthecriticaltalkthatturnsaroundafriend'soutlook.However，givingagoodpeptalkisn'teasy.1.Youneedtonotonlylistenandunderstand，butalsostresstheotherperson'sstrengths.Youalsoneedtoknowwhentostoptalking.“Alotofpeoplethinktheyaregivingapeptalk，buttheyarejustsayingwhattheywouldwanttohear，”saysStacyKaiser，apsychotherapist(心理治療師)inLosAngeles.Insteadofinstantlytellingsomeonewhattodo，askhimwhatactionhehasthoughtabouttakingandwhyhethinksitwillbebeneficial.“Don'tjumprightinandinsist‘You'llbefine，’”saysKaiser.2.Repeattheconcernsforthepersonoutloud，sohefeelsheard.Then，showyourfriendthatyoubelieveinhimandthathehaswhatittakestogetthroughthishardtime.Stresshisstrengths.3．Youcan'tguaranteesuccess，butyoucanremindthepersonthathehasbeenthroughatoughtimebeforeandhasgottenthroughit.Atlast，Kaisersaysyoumustknowwhentostop.“4.Don'targueifthepersondisagreeswithwhatyouaresaying.Instead，tellhim‘Iamsorryyouarehavingsuchahardtime.’Andthenbackdown.”Kaisersayshehaslearnedtogivegoodpeptalksbygivingbadones.Helostanumberoflovedonesduringashortperiod.“Timingiseverything.”Thereisatimetogiveapeptalk，andthereisatimetojustlisten.5．A．LetyourfriendhavehismomentB．GiveyourpeptalkandthenshutupC．ArguingwithyourfriendmakesnosenseD．ShowyourfriendthatyouunderstandwhyheissadE．Heisn'tinterestedinwhathisbestfriendsreallyneedF．ItrequiresanunderstandingofwhatyouraudienceneedsG．Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatpeptalksareabouthope【語篇解讀】本文主要論述了給別人打氣的方法，包括關切令摯友難過的事情、留意傾聽、將時間交給摯友、選擇合適時機停止說話等。1．F[依據下文可知，你不僅須要傾聽和理解，還要強調別人的特長，知道在什么時候停止說話；據此可以推知，你須要理解你的聽眾須要什么。故F項正確。]2．D[依據后一句“Repeattheconcernsforthepersonoutloud，sohefeelsheard”可知，你要大聲說出對這個人的關切；據此可以推知，空處表示“要向摯友表現出你理解他為什么會難過”，故D項正確。]3．G[依據空處所在的位置可知，空處為該段主題句，依據空后的“Youcan'tguaranteesuccess，butyoucanremindthepersonthathehasbeenthroughatoughtimebeforeandhasgottenthroughit”可知，你可以提示摯友他之前已經經驗過一段艱難的時期，并且已經挺過來了。據此可以推知，該段主要陳述要激勵摯友看到希望，故G項與此處匹配。]4．B[由前一句可知，本段主要陳述選擇時機停止說話；結合下文可知，在激勵摯友之后，選擇恰當時機停止說話，而不是和摯友爭辯，故B項正確。]5．A[依據上句中的“andthereisatimetojustlisten”可知，在給摯友打氣時要學會傾聽，將時間交給摯友，故A項正確。]Ⅲ.語法填空(2024·沈陽市教學質量監測)EatinganddrinkinginsubwaycarshaslongbeenacontroversialissueinChina.Whilemanyhaveexpressedannoyance1．thesightofsomeoneeatingfoodinsubwaycars，quiteafewpeoplesupporttherighttochew2.(noisy)onsnacksduringthetriptoworkorschool.Thedebaterecentlyarrivedat3.(it)finaldestinationwhentheMinistryofTransportintroducedanewregulationlastweekthatbanspassengersnationwide，withtheexceptionof4.(baby)andpeoplewithcertainmedicalconditions，fromeatingordrinkinginsubwaycars.Thepolicy5.(schedule)totakeeffectonApril1alongwithsomenewrulesthatwillforbidpassengersfromplayingmusicorvideosonspeakers，or6．(lie)downonseatsinsubwaycars.ZhangHan，7．18-year-oldgirl，recalledthatafemalepassengerwasseenrecentlyonthesubwayinNanjing8.(fine)foreatingtraditionalstreetfood.“Atfirst，Ifeltsorryforthegirl，”shesaid.“Mostpeopleweresimply9.(aware)ofsuchafoodbanbefore.”Nowthatanationalbanisinthepipeline(在打算中)，shesaidshesupportedtheidea.“Thesubwaycarisapublicspace.Nofoodshouldbeallowed，10.ornotitgivesoffastrongsmell.”【語篇解讀】本文介紹了一項針對地鐵車廂里乘客吃喝問題的規定——在全國各地將禁止除了嬰兒和患病人群之外的乘客在車廂里吃喝，并講解并描述了一個18歲的女孩對此規定的看法。1．at[考查介詞。此處表示對看到地鐵車廂里有人吃東西表示厭煩，故用介詞at。atthesightof表示“看到”，是固定用法。]2．noisily[考查副詞。此處應用副詞noisily修飾動詞chew。]3．its[考查代詞。此處指關于這個問題的爭辯最近有了最終結果。此處應用形容詞性物主代詞its修飾名詞destination。]4．babies[考查名詞的單復數。此處指在全國各地將禁止除了嬰兒和患病人群之外的乘客在車廂里吃喝，依據語境可知，此處指的嬰兒不止一個，故應用名詞的復數形式。]5．isscheduled[考查時態、語態和主謂一樣。此處指這項規定預料在4月1號生效，為對客觀狀況的描述，應用一般現在時；又主語Thepolicy與schedule之間為被動關系，應用被動語態，且主語為單數，故填isscheduled。]6．lying[考查非謂語動詞。此處和該句中的playing并列，作介詞from的賓語，應用動名詞形式lying，指禁止乘客躺在座位上。]7．an[考查冠詞。此處泛指一個18歲的女孩，且18-year-old以元音音素開頭，應用不定冠詞an。]8．tobefined[考查固定用法。此處表示一位女乘客被望見罰款了，考查固定用法beseentodosth.，又此處表示被罰款，故填tobefined。]9．unaware[考查形容詞。依據語境可知，此處表示大多數人之前的確不知道這個食物禁令，故填unaware“不知道”。]10．whether[考查狀語從句。句意：不應允許在地鐵車廂里面吃東西，無論它是否散發出劇烈的氣味。故填whether。]Ⅳ.短文改錯(2024·鄭州市中學畢業年級第一次質量預料)ThefirstforeignlanguageIneverlearntwasFrench，butitdidn'tgoverywell.MymotheraskedourneighborteachmewhenIwasseven.Frenchwasn'thisnativelanguages，butheusedtoliveinFrance，sohecouldspeakalittle.However