PAGE課時作業(十六)Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestarsSectionⅣGrammar——主語從句(本欄目內容，在學生用書中以獨立形式分冊裝訂！)Ⅰ.用適當的連接詞填空1．________interestedmemostwashowthemanescapedfromCubaandmadehiswaytoMiami.答案：What2．________hersoncamebacksafelymadeMrsWangfeelrelieved.答案：That3．________willbeinchargeoftheprojectisquiteimportant.答案：Who4．________oneisthehealthiestisuncertain.答案：Which5．________MrGreenwillreturnfromChinabyplanehasn’tbeendecidedyet.答案：When/Whether6．________Bobgotsuchimportantinformationisstillamystery.答案：Where/How/When7．________ourbrainworksisbeingstudiedbythescientists.答案：How8．________Johnsongaveupsuchagoodchanceisstillunknown.答案：Why9．Itwasreported________thetwocompanieswouldcarryoutaprojecttogether.答案：that10．Itdoesn’tmattermuch________youwillcometothepartyornot.答案：whether11．________TommovedtoCanadasuddenlyremainsapuzzle.答案：Why12．________causedhimtobesoangrymadeuscurious.答案：What13．Itisagreatpity________youdidn’tgotoHelen’sbirthdayparty.答案：that14．Itisnotclear________Michaelwillgocampingontheweekend.答案：whether15．________concernsthebossmostishowtoimprovecustomerservice.答案：WhatⅡ.閱讀理解Mostpeoplehaveexperiencedostracism(孤立)asanobserver，whetherinschool，atwork，oramongfamilyorfriends.Eventhepeoplewhoarenotintroubleoftencouldn’tkeepcalmwhenitcomestoostracism.Andwhenagroupostracizessomeoneoutofunkindreasons，othersusuallyviewitverynegativelyasunfair.However，outsidersmayalsojudge(評判)ostracismtobeacceptable，forexample，whenthepersonostracizedhasbehavedoutofplace.AresearchteamfromtheUniversityofBaselledbythepsychologistDr.SelmaRuderthasnowresearchedfivestudies.Thesestudiesareusedtoexaminebywhatevidencepeopleareinfluencedinsuchjudgmentsituations.Thenumberofvolunteersineachofthestudiesrangesfrom30to527.Theresultshowsthatwhensomebodyisvisiblydifferentfromtheothers，thepersonwillbeostracized.Weconsiderthatthispersonisostracizedonlybecauseofdifferences.Theresearchersshowedthevolunteersvarioussituationsofostracism.Imaginetherewerethreestudentsinaroom.Theideasandsuggestionsfromoneofthestudentswereregularlytakennonoticebytheothertwo.Whentheostracizedpersonwas“different”fromtheothertwo，forexample，outsidersjudgedtheostracismtobeunfair.Theywereannoyedatthetwostudents.However，whenthegroupmembersweremoresimilar—suchasallfromthesamecountry，theoutsiders’viewpointschanged.Inthiscase，theythoughttheostracizedpersonwasnegative，andconsideredtheostracismonhim/herwasreasonable.“Thesestudiesareimportantfortopicssuchasostracisminschoolsorworkplaces，”saysRudert.Whenpeoplearetooheavilyinfluencedbyfactorsonthesurfaceonlyanddon’tcareactualinformation，itcanquicklyleadtomisjudgments.“Infact，”saysRudert，“youshouldalwaystrytounderstandthewholehistorybehindanostracismsituationbeforejudging.”語篇解讀本文是一篇爭論文。主要論述了群體內的相像性影響著人們對孤立現象的評判。1．Whatdooutsidersthinkofostracism?A．Itisalwaysunfair.B．Itisunkindtoothers.C．Itcanbeacceptedattimes.D．Itcanhelppeoplekeepcalm.解析：細微環節理解題。依據第一段的“...outsidersmayalsojudge(評判)ostracismtobeacceptable...”可知，旁觀者有時認為孤立是可以接受的。答案：C2．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A．Thereare2,785volunteerstotallyinthestudies.B．Theostracizedpeoplebehavedifferentlyfromothers.C．Thesestudiesexaminetheevidenceofpeople’sdifferences.D．Peopleareeasilyinfluencedbyotherswhenjudgingsomebody.解析：推理推斷題。依據其次段的“Theresultshowsthatwhensomebodyisvisiblydifferentfromtheothers，thepersonwillbeostracized.Weconsiderthatthispersonisostracizedonlybecauseofdifferences.”可知，被孤立的人通常行為舉止異于他人。答案：B3．Theoutsidersshowednegativeopinionsontheostracizedpersonwhen________.A．thepersonhadannoyedthemB．thereweremoresimilaritiesamongthemC．theirideasweretakennonoticebythepersonD．theywantedtohavenorelationshipwiththeperson解析：細微環節理解題。依據第三段的“...whenthegroupmembersweremoresimilar—suchasallfromthesamecountry，theoutsiders’viewpointschanged.Inthiscase，theythoughttheostracizedpersonwasnegative，andconsideredtheostracismonhim/herwasreasonable.”可知，當小組成員有相像之處的時候，旁觀者不會憐憫被孤立的人。答案：B4．What’sRudert’ssuggestionontheostracism?A.Givingsupporttotheostracizedpeople.B．Payingmoreattentiontotheostracizedpeople.C．Knowingabouttheactualsituationbeforejudging.D．Avoidingtalkingaboutostracizedpeopleinschools.解析：細微環節理解題。依據第四段的“...youshouldalwaystrytounderstandthewholehistorybehindanostracismsituationbeforejudging.”可知，Rudert建議人們在評判之前先了解狀況。答案：CⅢ.完形填空Ihavebeenvolunteeringforthreemonthssofar.Duringthethreemonths，I’ve__1__greatlyinaverygoodway.Iamalwaysinterestedin__2__peopleinneedtogetbackontheirfeet.SinceIwaslittle，I’vealwaysaskedmymom__3__wecouldgivehomelesspeopleonthestreetsome__4__sothattheycouldeat.AlthoughIalwayswantedtohelppeopleinneed，Ididnot__5__helpuntilrecently.VolunteeringforCovenantHousehelpedme__6__aproactive(主動主動的)person.Insteadof__7__instructions，Iwouldstepupandofferhelp.ThehomelessteensthatIhelpcomefrom__8__backgroundssuchasdrunksanddrugaddicts.Rarelydotheseteenshave__9__parents.Itmaymakeyou__10__tohearthattheygrewupwithoutparents__11__them.Ifyoutakeaminutetothinkabouthowyouwouldlive__12__yourparents，itwouldmostlikelybeterrible.BeforeIstartedvolunteering，Iwasnotas__13__asIamtoday.NowIfeelthankfulforhavingsuchwonderfulparentsbecausetheygivemesuchagreat__14__.Thatmakesmewanttospreadtheloveamongtheteenswhonever__15__love.Mymain__16__ofvolunteeringatCovenantHouseistobringasmiletoeveryhomelessteenthereandhelpthem__17__inlife.Ibelieveweallshouldhelptheonesthatareless__18__andputeveryeffortintohelpinghomelessteens__19__anormallife.Homelessteensshouldbeabletohaveanequal__20__ofbeingsuccessfulaseveryoneelse.語篇解讀作者致力于幫助那些無家可歸的青少年，希望可以讓他們過一種正常的生活。1．A.talked B．traveledC．lost D．changed解析：依據后文可知，作者的這次志愿活動讓作者往好的方向“變更”了許多。答案：D2.A．urging B．helpingC．telling D．educating解析：依據后文的“peopleinneedtogetbackontheirfeet”可知，作者對“幫助”別人感愛好。答案：B3.A．how B．whyC．if D．when解析：作者問媽媽“是否”可以幫助那些無家可歸的人。答案：C4.A．books B．grassC．clothes D．food解析：依據后文的“sothattheycouldeat”可知，作者想要媽媽給那些無家可歸的人一些“吃”的。答案：D5.A．actively B．sincerelyC．necessarily D．happily解析：依據后文的aproactiveperson可知，作者以前雖然想幫助那些須要幫助的人，但是并沒有那么“主動地”幫助那些人。答案：A6.A．support B．becomeC．forget D．find解析：依據“Iwouldstepupandoffertohelp”可知，這個機構讓作者“成為”了一個主動主動的人。答案：B7.A．turningto B．goingthroughC．waitingfor D．caringabout解析：作者成為了一個主動主動的人，所以不再“等待”幫助他人的指示，而是主動幫助他人。答案：C8．A.wealthy B．normalC．interesting D．different解析：依據“suchasdrunksanddrugaddicts”可知，這些無家可歸的青少年來自“不同的”背景。答案：D9.A．wise B．lovingC．careful D．rich解析：這些青少年之所以這樣，是因為他們沒有“慈祥的”父母。答案：B10.A．sad B．comfortableC．crazy D．pleased解析：依據“theygrewupwithoutparents”可知，聽到這個會讓我們感到“難受”。答案：A11.A．learningfrom B．lookingafterC．thinkingof D．lookingfor解析：這里是指這些青少年沒有父母來“照看”他們。答案：B12.A．on B．beyondC．without D．for解析：依據后面的“itwouldmostlikelybeterrible”可知，作者讓我們想一想假如我們“沒有”父母，會過一種什么樣的生活。答案：C13.A．strong B．kindC．honest D．grateful解析：依據“NowIfeelthankfulfor...”可知，作者以前沒有像現在這樣“充溢感謝”。答案：D14.A．name B．countryC．life D．friend解析：作者感恩父母給了自己這么好的“生活”。答案：C15.A．expressed B．receivedC．understood D．required解析：這里是指那些無家可歸的青少年從來都沒有“得到”過愛。答案：B16.A．purpose B．giftC．problem D．concern解析：依據“...tobringasmiletoeveryhomelessteen”可知，作者的“目的”是希望可以讓這里的孩子臉上有笑容。答案：A17.A．move B．followC．stay D．succeed解析：依據下文的“...beingsuccessfulaseveryoneelse”可知，作者希望可以幫助這些小孩獲得“勝利”。答案：D18.A．friendly B．fortunateC．educated D．hard-working解析：這里是指幫助那些沒有我們那么“幸運的”人。答案：B19.A．want B．affordC．gain D．accept解析：作者認為我們都應當來幫助這些無家可歸的青少年“獲得”正常的生活。答案：C20.A．chance B．resultC．answer D．plan解析：每一個小孩都應當有同等的獲得勝利的“機會”。答案：AⅣ.語法填空TheBigBangtheoryisscience’sbestexplanationofhowtheuniversebegan.Thetheoryinsiststhatouruniverse1.________(create)whenatinyandsuperhotmassexplodedandbeganexpandingveryrapidly.It2.________(final)cooledandformedintothestarsandgalaxies(銀河系)with3.________wearefamiliar.Itissaid4.________theeventhappenedapproximately15billionyearsago.TheeventoftheBigBangwasspaceitselfexpanding—perhapsatspeeds5.________(great)thanlight.Sincethelate1960s，theBigBangtheory6.________(be)themainexplanationforthebirthofouruniverse.Because7.________(physics)havenotyetfoundaconvincingtheorythatexplainshowgravityoperates，theyareunable8.________(find)theoriesastowh