非謂語動詞過去分詞(done)

動詞不定式todo現在分詞/動名詞(doing)

todofunctionsforms1主語(subject)2賓語(object)3賓補(objectcomplement)4表語(predicative)5定語(attribute)6狀語(adverbial)1一般式2進行式3完成式4.一些特殊情況形式

主動

被動一般式進行式

完成式todotobedonetobedoing

／tohavedonetohavebeendone不定式的構成與形式不定式的否定：在不定式前加not、never??二、不定式句法功能1)三種情況：直接作主語

Toseeistobelieve.It作形式主語Ittookhimalongtimetoacquiretheskillsheneededtobecomeagooddancer.疑問詞+todo短語作主語(謂語用單數)Whentostarttheprograms________(remain)unknown.remains1.不定式作主語(subject)

2）it代替不定式作主語，即形式主語It作形式主語常用的結構：1.Itis/was+adj.+forsbtodosth.2.Itis/was+adj.+ofsbtodosth.3.Itis/was+(a/an)+n.+todosth.4.Ittakes/costssbsometime/moneytodosth.It+be+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.

（導學案P128）★for:adj.多為描述不定式行為的特征,特點（important/necessary/interesting等.）★of:adj.多為

描述主語的品質（kind/nice/friendly/wise/foolish等.）

Practice:1.Itisimportant______ustolivealow-carbonlife.2.Itwasgenerous______himtocontributesomuch.forof練習1.___________(save)timeistolengthenlife.2.Itcosthimtoomuchmoney___________(watch)themovie.3.Itisagreathonorforme______________(invite)andmakeaspeech.4.How___________(stop)pollutingthisimportantriverareabigproblem.5.Itisconsiderateofyou____________(keep)thepoorchildcpmpanybeforehisparentsarefound.Tosavetowatchtobeinvitedtostoptokeep謂語用單數寫作練習1.作為一個老師，我的職責是為我的學生樹立一個榜樣。_____________________________________________________2.成為東道主對我們來說是一項巨大的榮譽。_____________________________________________________3.每個人都學習和掌握一些實用技能是很重要的。_____________________________________________________4.昨晚鍛煉花了我一個多小時。_____________________________________________________Asateacher,it’smydutytosetanexampleformystudents.It’sourgreathonortobethehostoftheOlympicGames.It’sverycrucialforeveryonetolearnandmastersomepracticalskills.Ittookmemorethananhourtotakesomeexerciseyesterdayevening.1）動詞+todo

decide/determine,learn,

manage,try,refuse,promise,pretend,agreewant,help,choose,plan,hope/wish/expect,offer,wait,happen,fail,affordHaveyoudecidedwhich____________(choose)next?Ididn’tknowwhere_________(go).tochoosetogo

2.不定式作賓語

(object)2）疑問詞+todo構成賓語.3）有些動詞后既可以跟todo,又可以跟doing作賓語，但意思不同。

remembertodo

記得去做rememberdoing記得做過stoptodo停下來去做另外一件事stopdoing停止做手上的事情trytodo努力trydoing試著meantodo打算做meandoing意味著4)動詞+it+賓補+todo（形式賓語）Ithinkithard_____________(answer)thequestion.Ifinditaburden_____________(eat)thewholefood.Ithinkitnouse__________(cry)forhismistakes.toanswertoeatcrying此時，it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的todo不定式常用動詞：make,find,feel,think,believe,consider?當it后面是nouse或nogood時，todo應改為doing5)介詞+todo（todo作介詞的賓語）①不定式在介詞but,except,besides,otherthan后面時,如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞do(非助動詞)的各種形式時,那么這些介詞后面的不定式不帶to,否則帶to。e.g.1.Shecoulddonothingbut________(cry).2.Whichdoyouliketochoosebesides

_________(swim)?3.Hehadnochoicebut__________(flee).4.Therewasnothingformetodootherthan_______(wait)untilthemeetingwasover.crytoswimtofleewait5)介詞+todo（todo作介詞的賓語）②當句子的謂語動詞是can’thelp,can’tchoose等結構時,but,except,besides后的不定式to也省略。1.Wecan’tchoosebutwait.2.

SheissuchalovelygirlthatIcan’thelpbutloveher.介詞to后要用動名詞,常見的的短語如下：lookforwardtoobjecttobedevoted/committedtobeusedtobeopposedtoadapt/adjusttolead/contributetowhenitcomesto期望...反對...致力于...習慣于...反對...適應...導致...當提到...1)動詞+賓語（sb./sth.)+todosth.Mymumasksmetoplaythepianotwohoursonadailybasis.常用的這類動詞有：allow;advise;order;teach;expect,require;cause;force;permit;encourage;urge；enable；warn;forbid;get;invite;persuade3.不定式作賓補

(objectcompletement)2）動詞+賓語+不帶to的不定式感官動詞使役動詞一感：feel二聽：hear,listento五看：see,notice,watch,lookat,observelet,make,have◆但當以上的動詞用于被動式，to要還原：

Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.Theboywasseen_______suddenlyfromthetree.+sbdosth（不帶to）tofallTheeventalsoencouragedher____________(found)thecommunity.Theyoffered_________(do)somevoluntaryworkduringtheschoolholidays.Theactivitynotonlyenabledus________(learn)Chineseculturebetterbutalsopromotedourfriendship.Mrs.Greenobjectedto_____________(advertise)theproduct.Whenitcomesto__________(play)badminton,herfaceisglowingwithexcitement.Hemadeitarule_________(read)Englisheveryday.Idon’tknowwhether_________(eat)firstortotakeashowerfirst.Ifinditnouse____________(organize)thediscussion.tofoundtodotolearnadvertisingplayingtoreadtoeatorganizing不定式作表語多表示主語的具體內容。MydreamistoenterBeijingUniversity.主語常是aim,ambition,duty,hope,idea,intention,plan,proposal,suggestion等Myideais___________(climb)themountainfromthenorth.Mysuggestionis_____________(start)workatonce.toclimbtostart4.不定式作表語

(predicative)1.Nowyourfirstimportanttaskis________(take)goodcareofthewoundedsoldiers.

2.WhenIsawhimatthatmoment,heseemed_______________(read)anovel.

3.Somethingproved_______________(go)wrongwiththatengine.

4.Thepurposeofdevelopingnewtechnologiesis___________(make)lifeeasier.

totaketobereadingtohavegonetomake5.Thedutyofsoldiersis_____________(defend)theirmotherland.

6.Whethertoparticipateinthatcompetitionremains___________________(discuss)anddecided.

7.Allthemembersinthatfamilyseem_______________(be)illalready.

todefendtobediscussedtohavebeen1.Hisdreamis_________________________________________.

他的夢想是有一天能成為一名偉大的足球運動員。2.LiHuaseemed_________________________beforehecamehere.

李華似乎在來這兒之前就已經感冒了。to

become

a

great

football

player

one

dayto

have

caught

a

cold3.Thegoalofthisactivityis________________________________.

這個活動的目的是滿足普通人的需求。4.Herworkis_______________________________intheresthomeeveryday.

她的工作是每天為養老院的老人清掃房間。to

meet

the

needs

of

common

peopleto

clean

the

rooms

for

the

old1)不定式作定語時常放在被修飾詞的后面，常表示將來的動作；Somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumanrealizetheirdreamtoexplorespace.2)用來修飾被theonly、thenext、thelast、序數詞、最高級等限定的中心詞,且與中心詞為邏輯上的主動關系。Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelast_________(leave)theschool.3)某些名詞后只能跟不定式作定語ability,attempt,desire,effort,failure,promise,tendency,way,decision等。toleave5.不定式作定語

(attribute)1.Asisknowntous,YangLiweiisthefirstChineseastronaut_______

(send)intospace破解：序數詞修飾的名詞后用不定式作后置定語，且send與邏輯主語astronaut是被動關系，故用不定式的被動式，故填tobesent2.Whatisthebestwayforyou________(solve)thisproblem?破解：thewayforsb.todosth.“某人做某事的方法”，不定式復合結構作后置定語。故填tosolve3.Theairport_______(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.破解:根據時間狀語nextyear可知，該動作將要發生，且complete與theairport之間為被動關系。故填tobecompleted做目的狀語，常用的結構：todo;inordertodo;soastodo以便于①Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace.②Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot.(2)做結果狀語：enoughtodoHedidn’trunfastenoughtocatchthetraintoo......todo太......而不能Theteaistoohottodrink.onlytodo結果卻...Wehurriedtothetrainstationonly___________thetrainhadleft.（tell）tobetold6.不定式作狀語

(adverbial)高考鏈接：不定式和現在分詞作結果狀語的區別1.

Theoldmanr