Unit1Non-definingattributiveclausesTolearntheuseofnon-definingattributiveclausesToknowthedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenrestrictiveattributiveclausesandnon-definingattributiveclausesToapplynon-definingattributiveclauses常用who,whom,which,whose,as,when,where等關系詞引導。①Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotabeautifulgarden.②ThisnotebookwasleftbyTomwhowashereamomentago.一、引導詞非限制性定語從句看有無“逗號”1.當關系詞指代整個主句的內容時e.g.Theboywasawayfromhomeforaweek,whichworriedhisparentsverymuch.Thebookisverytouching,asmostreaderssay.2.當先行詞指的是世界上獨一無二的事物或專有名詞時。e.g.Jinan,whichisabeautifulcity,attractsmanyvisitorseveryday.JohnSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.二、何時使用非限制性定語從句？b3.當先行詞指的是某人，如daughter,son,brother,sister等(表示只有一個親屬)。e.g.Ihaveanelderbother,whoworksinBeijing.

我有一個哥哥，他在北京工作。IhaveanelderbrotherwhoworksinBeijing.

我有一個在北京工作的哥哥。

（說明我可能還有其他兄弟姐妹）三、as和which引導的非限制性定從從句的區(qū)別e.g.Therehasn’tbeenanynewsabouthimsincehelefthome,whichupsetsme.Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.=Smokingisharmfultoone’shealth,asisknowntoall.aswhich意義常用來表示說話人對某事的態(tài)度、解釋或評論等，表示“正如……”一般表示某事的狀況或結果位置可以放在主句的前面或后面多放在主句之后用適當的關系詞填空。1.Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,________itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.2.Theschoolshop,________customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.3.MarywasmuchkindertoJack,________,ofcourse,madealltheothersupset.wherewhose

which4.Ididn’tbecomeaseriousclimberuntillastyear,________Iwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.5.Iborrowedthebook

SherlockHolmes

fromthelibrarylastweek,________myclassmatesrecommendedtome.6.Aftertheflooding,people_________werestuckinthatareaurgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.

who/thatwhen

which限制性定語從句與主句之間不能用逗號隔開；非限制性定語從句與主句之間通常用逗號隔開。e.g.Everyonewho/thatknowsJacklikeshim.LiuYing,whoisourmonitor,iskindandalwaysreadytohelpothers.一、形式不同限制性定語從句對先行詞進行修飾和限制，如果去掉，主句的意思就會不完整、不明確或失去意義；非限制性定語從句對先行詞進行補充說明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。e.g.Thewomanwhoyoumetjustnowismymother.ThestudentswenttothehospitaltoseeProfessorNora,whomtheyrespectgreatly.二、功能不同翻譯時，一般把限制性定語從句翻譯在它所修飾的先行詞之前，而把非限制性定語從句與主句分開翻譯。e.g.Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.他就是汽車被盜的那個人。I’veinvitedMary,wholivesinthenextflat.我邀請了Mary，她就住在隔壁。三、翻譯不同1.在限制性定語從句中，關系代詞作賓語時可以省略，而在非限制性定語從句中關系詞一律不能省略；2.非限制性定語從句不能由that引導。四、關系詞用法不同五、先行詞不同限制性定語從句的先行詞常常是名詞或代詞；非限制性定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞或代詞，也可以短語或整個句子。2Readthepassageandrewritethetipsusingnon-definingattributiveclauses.Addmoretipstothelistifyoucan.SECRETSTOHAPPINESSAchievingapositivestateofmindisn’teasyforeveryone.Buttherearewaystomaintainahealthymindevenduringtimesofdifficulty.1)Goforawalkinthecountryside.Thereyoucanenjoythebeautifulviewsandapeacefulatmosphere.Goforawalkinthecountryside,whereyoucanenjoythebeautifulviewsandapeacefulatmosphere.2)Spendtimewithyourfamilyandfriends.Thiswillactivatechemicalsinyourbraintomakeyoufeelhappier.

Spendtimewithyourfamilyandfriends,whichwillactivatechemicalsinyourbraintomakeyoufeelhappier.3)Trytoacceptyourmistakes.Youcanlearnalotthroughthem.Trytoacceptyourmistakes,where/throughwhichyoucanlearnalot.4)Closeyoureyesandpicturethefuture.You’vemadeyourdreamscometrue.Closeyoureyesandpicturethefuture,whereyou'vemadeyourdreamscometrue.where通常用于指代地點或情境，但在這里，它抽象地指代了“在...的情況下”或“在...的方面”。3Completethejokewiththesentencepartsintheboxusingwho/whichandputcommasinthecorrectposition.haslosthispatiencebynowhethinkswillimpressHolmesislyingnexttohimhefindsannoyingOneday,SherlockHolmesandDrWatsongocamping.Theyputuptheirtentunderthestarsandgotosleep.Suddenly,inthemiddleofthenight,WatsoniswokenupbyHolmes1______________________.“Watson,”Holmessays,“l(fā)ookupatthestars,andtellmewhattheytellyou.”Notquitesurewhathemeans,WatsonthinksHolmesisjoking2______________________atthistimeofnight.,whoislyingnexttohimhaslosthispatiencebynowhethinkswillimpressHolmesislyingnexttohimhefindsannoying,whichhefindsannoyingEvenso,hereplies,“Iseemillionsofstarsandit’squitelikelytherearesomeplanetslikeEarth.Andifso,thismeansthattheremightalsobelifeonotherplanets.”Watsonispleasedwithhisanswer3_________________________________.ButHolmes4______________________________shouts,“Watson,lookaroundyou!Useyoureyes!Somebody’sstolenourtent!”,whichhethinkswillimpressHolmes,whohaslosthispatiencebynowhaslosthispatiencebynowhethinkswillimpressHolmesislyingnexttohimhefindsannoyingWatsonispleasedwithhisanswer,whichhethinkswillimpressHolmes.impress

v.

tomakesomeonefeeladmirationandrespect

使欽佩;使留下深刻印象【歸納】impresssb.with/bysth.給……留下深刻印象impresssth.onsb.使某人意識到某事的重要性e.g.Jackimpress