部編版八年級下課內(nèi)外古詩詞閱讀與鑒賞大練習(xí)一、關(guān)雎關(guān)雎關(guān)關(guān)雎鳩，在河之洲。窈窕淑女，君子好逑。參差荇菜，左右流之。窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。求之不得，寤寐思服。悠哉悠哉，輾轉(zhuǎn)反側(cè)。參差荇菜，左右采之。窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。參差荇菜，左右芼之。窈窕淑女，鐘鼓樂之。1．對《關(guān)雎》的理解分析,不正確的一項是（

）A．這首詩采用重章疊句的形式，達到回環(huán)往復(fù)的表達效果。B．“悠哉悠哉”形容男子的思念之情綿綿不盡。C．“寤寐思服”“輾轉(zhuǎn)反側(cè)”寫出男子追求女子而不得時苦悶、焦躁之情。D．“琴瑟友之”“鐘鼓樂之”寫出男子與心上人結(jié)婚時鼓樂齊鳴的場景。2．“關(guān)關(guān)雎鳩，在河之洲。窈窕淑女，君子好逑”這四句運用了什么表現(xiàn)手法？請簡要分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．這首詩表現(xiàn)了我國古代勞動人民怎樣的思想感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．詩中有許多句式相同相似的重章疊句，這種表達方式有什么作用？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．詩歌中男子的情感經(jīng)歷了哪些變化？結(jié)合具體詩句分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．請你分析詩中畫線句子是怎樣使用“比、興”手法的？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．孔子說：“《關(guān)雎》樂而不淫，哀而不傷”，請你結(jié)合詩歌內(nèi)容理解“哀而不傷”。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．從煉字的角度賞析“左右流之”“左右采之”“左右芼之”中“流”“采”“芼”運用的妙處。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9．詩中的淑女為什么會讓君子“寤寐思服”？用自己的話概括。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________二、蒹葭閱讀下面詩歌，完成下面小題。蒹葭蒹葭蒼蒼，白露為霜。所謂伊人，在水一方。溯洄從之，道阻且長。溯游從之，宛在水中央。蒹葭萋萋，白露未晞。所謂伊人，在水之湄。溯洄從之，道阻且躋。溯游從之，宛在水中坻。蒹葭采采，白露未已。所謂伊人，在水之涘。溯洄從之，道阻且右。溯游從之，宛在水中沚。1．每小節(jié)結(jié)尾句中的“宛”是什么意思？在詩中反復(fù)使用，有何作用？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．重章疊句的節(jié)奏韻律是《詩經(jīng)》的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格之一，請你結(jié)合本詩談?wù)勂湓诒砬檫_意上的作用。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．“道阻且長”、“道阻且躋”、“道阻且右”中的“長”“躋”“右”分別突出了道路怎樣的特點?在詩中反復(fù)吟詠有什么作用?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．詩中“蒹葭蒼蒼，白露為霜”，運用了《詩經(jīng)》中常見的什么手法？有何作用？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．用自己的話描述“蒹葭蒼蒼，白露為霜”所展現(xiàn)的畫面。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．《蒹葭》抒發(fā)了詩人怎樣的感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.這首詩歌中運用了景物描寫，這些景物描寫向我們展示了一幅怎樣的畫面？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．《蒹葭》的中心意象是什么？這一意象有什么象征意義？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________三、式微《式微》式微，式微，胡不歸？微君之故，胡為乎中露！式微，式微，胡不歸？微君之躬，胡為乎泥中！1.任選角度賞析《式微》一首詩。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．這首詩歌表達了怎樣的思想感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.《詩經(jīng)》多采用重章疊句的形式，反復(fù)吟唱，產(chǎn)生強烈的藝術(shù)感染力。請結(jié)合《式微》這首詩做具體分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．題目“式微”是什么意思？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．請描繪詩中所寫勞動的場面。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．這首詩表達了怎樣的思想感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．“微君之故，胡為乎中露？”請簡要分析本句的表達效果。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.這首詩運用何種修辭手法，有何作用？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________四、子衿子衿《詩經(jīng)?鄭風(fēng)》青青子衿，悠悠我心。縱我不往，子寧不嗣音？青青子佩，悠悠我思。縱我不往，子寧不來？挑兮達兮，在城闕兮。一日不見，如三月兮。1.下列對這首詩的理解和分析，不正確的一項是（

）A．“青青子衿”，“青青子佩”，是以戀人的衣飾借代戀人。B．兩句“縱我不往”，以假設(shè)的語氣、讓步的姿態(tài)，做出強烈的設(shè)問。C．“一日不見，如三月兮”的獨白，表現(xiàn)女子的相思之苦。D．這是一首古老的戀歌，跌宕起伏，纏綿悱惻，婉轉(zhuǎn)動人。2.這首詩表現(xiàn)了女子怎樣的心理變化過程？請簡要分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．詩歌的最后一句“一日不見，如三月兮”運用了怎樣的修辭手法？有怎樣的表達效果？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.這是一首古老的戀歌，跌宕起伏，婉轉(zhuǎn)動人。請你簡析這首詩歌是如何借助寫作手法來表情達意的。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________五、送杜少府之任蜀州送杜少府之任蜀州王勃城闕輔三秦，風(fēng)煙望五津。與君離別意，同是宦游人。海內(nèi)存知己，天涯若比鄰。無為在歧路，兒女共沾巾。1．首聯(lián)中“輔”字用得好，“輔”是________的意思，生動形象地寫出了___________的景象，氣勢宏偉，使全詩開篇意境開闊。2．這首詩抒發(fā)了詩人怎樣的思想感情？請簡要分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．請對“海內(nèi)存知己，天涯若比鄰”兩句做簡要賞析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.請說說這首詩的頸聯(lián)好在哪里。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．請從煉字的角度，賞析首聯(lián)中“望”字。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．“海內(nèi)存知己，天涯若比鄰”是千古傳誦的名句，說說這兩句詩好在哪里。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________六、望洞庭湖贈張丞相望洞庭湖贈張丞相八月湖水平，涵虛混太清。氣蒸云夢澤，波撼岳陽城。欲濟無舟楫，端居恥圣明。坐觀垂釣者，徒有羨魚情。1．這首詩抒發(fā)了作者怎樣的感情？請簡要分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．本詩尾聯(lián)運用了什么表現(xiàn)手法，表達了作者怎樣的思想感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．從煉字的角度賞析頷聯(lián)，并分析詩人在寫景中融入的情感。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．本詩尾聯(lián)是如何抒情的？表達了怎樣的情感？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．發(fā)揮想象，請描繪“氣蒸云夢澤”的優(yōu)美意境。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________七、石壕吏暮投石壕村，有吏夜捉人。老翁逾墻走，老婦出門看。吏呼一何怒！婦啼一何苦！聽婦前致詞：三男鄴城戍。一男附書至，二男新戰(zhàn)死。存者且偷生，死者長已矣！室中更無人，惟有乳下孫。有孫母未去，出入無完裙。老嫗力雖衰，請從吏夜歸。急應(yīng)河陽役，猶得備晨炊。夜久語聲絕，如聞泣幽咽。天明登前途，獨與老翁別。1．用一句話概括文章的主要內(nèi)容。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．詩題是“石壕吏”，但對起決定作用的小吏卻是略寫，詳寫的是老婦人，這是為什么？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．全詩通過詩人的見聞，表達了詩人怎樣的情感？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．本詩中詩人僅是一個近距離的“旁觀者”，只是“客觀”地敘述，并無情感、態(tài)度的直接表露。請簡述這種寫法的表達效果。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．有人說“吏呼一何怒！婦啼一何苦”兩句中“怒”“苦”兩字用得好。為什么？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．聯(lián)系全詩內(nèi)容，請談?wù)勀銓Α蔼毰c老翁別”這句詩的理解。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．“有吏夜捉人”中的“捉人”換成“征兵”好不好？為什么？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．試分析“夜久語聲絕，如聞泣幽咽”兩句表現(xiàn)了詩人怎樣的思想感情。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9．很多讀者認(rèn)為本詩構(gòu)思巧妙，請結(jié)合詩句，說說你的理解。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________八、茅屋為秋風(fēng)所破歌閱讀下面一首詩，完成后面小題茅屋為秋風(fēng)所破歌杜甫八月秋高風(fēng)怒號，卷我屋上三重茅。茅飛渡江灑江郊，高者掛罥長林梢，下者飄轉(zhuǎn)沉塘坳。南村群童欺我老無力，忍能對面為盜賊。公然抱茅入竹去，唇焦口燥呼不得，歸來倚杖自嘆息。俄頃風(fēng)定云墨色，秋天漠漠向昏黑。布衾多年冷似鐵，嬌兒惡臥踏里裂。床頭屋漏無干處，雨腳如麻未斷絕。自經(jīng)喪亂少睡眠，長夜沾濕何由徹！安得廣廈千萬間，大庇天下寒士俱歡顏！風(fēng)雨不動安如山。嗚呼！何時眼前突兀見此屋，吾廬獨破受凍死亦足！1．賞析“床頭屋漏無干處，雨腳如麻未斷絕”兩句的妙處。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．這首詩表達了詩人什么樣的思想感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．杜甫一向關(guān)心人民疾苦，他的詩素有“詩史”之稱，但為什么這首詩中他卻一反常態(tài)，只寫自己的個人遭遇？請談?wù)勀愕睦斫狻_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．請描繪“俄頃風(fēng)定云墨色，秋天漠漠向昏黑”所展現(xiàn)的畫面。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．你感受到一個怎樣的詩人形象，請用詩中原句加以描述分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．從修辭角度賞析“布衾多年冷似鐵，嬌兒惡臥踏里裂”。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________九、賣炭翁賣炭翁賣炭翁，伐薪燒炭南山中。滿面塵灰煙火色，兩鬢蒼蒼十指黑。賣炭得錢何所營？身上衣裳口中食。可憐身上衣正單，心憂炭賤愿天寒。夜來城外一尺雪，曉駕炭車輾冰轍。牛困人饑日已高，市南門外泥中歇。翩翩兩騎來是誰？黃衣使者白衫兒。手把文書口稱敕，回車叱牛牽向北。一車炭，千余斤，宮使驅(qū)將惜不得。半匹紅紗一丈綾，系向牛頭充炭直。1．賣炭翁不愿意將炭賣給宮使，“惜不得”反映了怎樣的社會現(xiàn)實？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．疊詞的運用可以使人物形象更加鮮明突出。請你說說本詩中的兩處疊詞是如何刻畫人物、表達詩人情感的。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.請描述“滿面塵灰煙火色，兩鬢蒼蒼十指黑”所表現(xiàn)的畫面。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.本詩講述了一個什么故事？表達了詩人怎樣的思想感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．請說說詩中“把”“稱”“叱”“牽”這幾個動詞的作用。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．請賞析詩歌中“翩翩”一詞的表達效果。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．圍繞炭，詩歌故事可以分為哪幾個層次?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．《賣炭翁》中運用了多處對比，請找出一例并簡要分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9.“可憐身上衣正單，心憂炭賤愿天寒”是膾炙人口的名句,請你任選角度進行賞析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10．詩人在敘述賣炭翁的故事時，自始至終貫穿一個“苦”字，請你結(jié)合故事情節(jié)，說說賣炭翁的“苦”包含哪幾方面。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________十、題破山寺后禪院題破山寺后禪院唐?常建清晨入古寺，初日照高林。曲徑通幽處，禪房花木深。山光悅鳥性，潭影空人心。萬籟此都寂，但余鐘磬音。1．這首山水詩描寫了怎樣的景象，抒發(fā)了作者怎樣的情懷？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．詩的尾聯(lián)動靜關(guān)系處理得很巧妙，請結(jié)合詩句加以分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．“山光悅鳥性，潭影空人心”兩句妙在何處？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．請任選一角度對頸聯(lián)進行賞析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.尾聯(lián)“萬籟此都寂，但余鐘磬音”表現(xiàn)了詩人怎樣的情感？請簡要分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________十一、送友人送友人青山橫北郭，白水繞東城。此地一為別，孤蓬萬里征。浮云游子意，落日故人情。揮手自茲去，蕭蕭班馬鳴。1．“青山橫北郭，白水繞東城”句中“橫”和“繞”好在哪里？請作簡要賞析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．這首詩寄寓了怎樣的“故人情”？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．請賞析“揮手自茲去，蕭蕭班馬鳴。”的表達效果？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．作為送別詩的名篇，本詩是怎樣抒發(fā)依依惜別之情的？請具體分析。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．頸聯(lián)用怎樣的藝術(shù)手法表達出作者什么樣的思想感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．“浮云游子意，落日故人情”一句中，“浮云”“落日”的選擇很精妙，說說妙在何處？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________十二、卜算子·黃州定慧院寓居作卜算子·黃州定慧院寓居作蘇軾缺月掛疏桐，漏斷人初靜。誰見幽人獨往來，縹緲孤鴻影。驚起卻回頭，有恨無人省。揀盡寒枝不肯棲，寂寞沙洲冷。1．詞的開頭兩句通過“缺月、疏桐、_____________”三個意象描繪出了高居地的環(huán)境，營造出____________的氛圍。2．這首詞表達了作者怎樣的思想感情？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．詞的上片描寫了哪些意象？這些意象有什么作用？______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．這首詞采用了托物寫懷的表現(xiàn)手法，簡要分析詞人托何物抒寫了怎樣的心境。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.這首小詞作于蘇軾初到黃州時，描寫了作者深夜獨自漫步時的所見所聞，上闋通過____、_________和“漏斷”，渲染出一種__________的氛圍。6.詞的