試卷第=page1313頁，共=sectionpages1414頁2024-2025學年高二英語上學期第一次月考（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：140分）注意事項：1．本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）兩部分。答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2．回答第Ⅰ卷時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。寫在本試卷上無效。3．回答第Ⅱ卷時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。4．測試范圍：選擇性必修一Unit1（2020上教版+上外版）。考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。I.ListeningComprehension（25分）SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1．A．Atagasstation.B．Atagarage. C．Inapark. D．Inanemergencyroom.2．A．Cleanthebackyard. B．Washsomething. C．Sitinthebackyard. D．Dosomeshopping.3．A．Hefindshispresentjobboring. B．Heistoofoolishtodothepresentjob.C．Hehasgotabetterposition. D．Hedoesn’tgetonwellwiththeothers.4．A．Shehasatightschedule. B．Shehaslostinterestinsports.C．Thetrainingistoohard. D．Sheisonlyinterestedinroutinework.5．A．Rulesrestrictingsmoking. B．Waystoquitsmoking.C．Smokers’healthproblems. D．Dangersofsmoking.6．A．He’sgoingtovisitaphotostudio. B．He’sjusthadhispicturetaken.C．He’sonthewaytothetheater. D．He’sjustreturnedfromajobinterview.7．A．Hehadtorejecttheirrequest. B．Hefeltsorryfortheotherstudents.C．Heagreedtoconsidertheirrequest. D．Heregrettedthathehadsaid“Yes”.8．A．Sheistryingtofindagood-lookingchair. B．Shethinksitisawell-designedchair.C．Shethinksthechairisactuallycomfortable. D．She’sneversatinthatchairbefore.9．A．Sheusedtobeinpoorhealth. B．Shewaspopularamongboys.C．Shewassomewhatoverweight. D．Shedidn’tdowellathighschool.10．A．Reviewthedetailsofallherlessons. B．Comparenoteswithhisclassmates.C．Talkwithherabouthislearningproblems. D．Focusonthemainpointsofherlectures.SectionBDirections:InSectionB.youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11．A．Theexcitementofnerveactivitiesinthebrain.B．Thedifferencebetweencomplexmusicandsimplemusic.C．Theeffectsofmusicontheresultsofmathtests.D．Theclassicalmusicandreasoningability.12．A．Becauseitstimulatesyournerveactivity.B．Becauseitkeepsyoucalm.C．Becauseitstrengthensyourmemory.D．Becauseitinterfereswithyourreasoningability.13．A．Rockmusicmighthelpimproveyourmathtestscores.B．Theeffectsofmusicontestsdonotlastlong.C．Listentomusicjustbeforeyoutakeatest.D．Themoreyoulistentomusic,thebetteryourreasoningabilitywillbe.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage14．A．Itisthemostunluckydayinayear. B．Itisthebusiestshoppingdaynow.C．ItisthedayafterThanksgiving. D．ItisthedaybeforeChristmas.15．A．Checkoutthelatestpricereductiononline.B．Lookroundforitemsinthephysicalstores.C．Ordertheproductsfromtheonlinestores.D．Waitinqueueoutsidethestoresovernight.16．A．100milliondollars. B．670milliondollars.C．20billiondollars. D．25billiondollars.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17．A．Theirattitudesaboutwork. B．Differentformsofwork.C．Importanceofworkforoneself. D．Balancedlifeandwork.18．A．Themosthopeful. B．Themostchallenging.C．Themostcreative. D．Themostenjoyable.19．A．Hisnegativeattitudetowardswork.B．Hisunwillingnesstodosomethingforothers.C．Hisselfishnessindoingthings.D．Hismisunderstandingaboutpublishingwork.20．A．Theworkisworthdoingifitischallengingandcompetitive.B．Theworkshouldbeverycreativeleadingtoawonder.C．Oneshouldlikehisworkandsticktoitaslongashetakesit.D．Oneshouldfindsatisfactioninhisworkifitisnecessary.II.GrammarandVocabulary(20分)SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Manygovernmentsarepromotingaboveandundergroundtransitsystemstofightsuchcongestion(擁堵).UrbantrainsareappearingeveninthewideexpansesoftheWesternUnitedStates,inplaceslikeDallas,acity21(know)foroilrichesandbigcars.Peoplearenotveryusedto22(ride)atrainaroundthecity.Butactually,DallasandHoustonhavebothstartedlightrailsystems.It’sverypopularinbothcities.WhatishappeninginTexas23(reflect)agrowingtrendelsewhereintheUnitedStates,saysWilliamMillar.He’spresidentofthenon-profitAmericanPublicTransportationAssociation.“Inthelastseveralyears,publictransportationinAmericahasundergonearenaissance(復興).”In1900,manyUScitieshadextensiveurbanrailsystems.24withthearrivaloftheautomobile,mostofthemdisappearedbythe1950s.Nowmanycitiesarereturningto25theyhad100yearsago.Inothercountries,ridingbuses,trainsorsubwaysispartofeverydaylife,manycountriessupportpublictransportationtoamuch26(great)degreethanhappensintheUnitedStates,particularlyinEurope.Inotherplacesintheworldthataredevelopingcities,thereisatremendousgrowthofinvestmentinpublictransit.ThroughoutsoutheastAsia,certainlythecapitalcities,majorrailsystems27(build)overthelasttwoorthreedecades.InSouthAmerica,weseenotonlyrailsystemsbeingbuilt,butweseesomeofthemostinnovativeuseofpublictransitbusesanywhereintheworld.Risinglevelsofpollutionfromcarsisleadingtomoreinvestmentinpublictransportation.Publictransportcanhelpcitiesdevelop28spoilingtheenvironmentwithexcessivegreenhousegasemissions.Manyanalystssaythegrowthofpublictransportationdoesnotchallengetheautomobile,butprovides29choicetocommuters.Asarisingnumberofpeoplewanttogoto30infinitenumberofplacesatanytime,publictransportationmaybetheanswer.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．adjusting；B．casual；C．crawl；D．handle；E.interpret；F.limitingG.lower；H.minimal；I.pooling；J.rough；K.sprayYourbodyavoidsoverheatingbytakingadvantageofabitofphysics:Whenwaterevaporatesfromasurface,itleavesthesurfacecooler.Whenyourbodygetstoohot,itpumpswaterontoyourskinandletsitevaporate,carryingawayheat.Thiseffectcanactually31thetemperatureofyourskintobelowtheairtemperature.Thisallowshumanstosurviveinplaceswheretheairtemperatureisashighashumanbodytemperature-aslongaswekeepdrinkingwatertoproducemoresweat.Ifthere'salotofmoistureintheair,thenevaporationslowstoa(n)32,becausewatercondenses(凝結)ontoyourskinalmostasfastasthemoistureevaporatesoffit.Whenyoufeelstickyfromsweat33onyourskin,itmeansyourbodyisstrugglingtoevaporatewaterfastenoughtokeepyoucool.IaskedZacharySchlader,aresearcheratIndianaUniversitywhostudieshowourbodies34extremetheheat,aboutthehottesttemperatureanormalhumancouldtolerateunderidealconditions.His2014studyfoundthatapersonwhoisatrest,wearing35clothing,inaverydryroom—10percentrelativehumidity—anddrinkingwaterconstantlycouldprobablyavoidoverheatingintemperaturesashighas115degreesFahrenheit(46℃).The36factorforourheattoleranceissweat—howquicklywecanproduceitandhowquicklyitevaporates.Ifyoukeptyourskinwetwithasteady37ofwater,andsatinfrontofapowerfulfan,youcouldincreasetheevaporationrateandkeepyourskincoolinevenhighertemperatures.Modelsofhumanthermoregulationliketheoneinthe2014paperdon'tusuallycoversuchextremeconditions,butItried38theirformulastoapproximatewhatwouldhappenunderextremeevaporationandhighwind.Theresultssuggestedthat,withthehelpofapoolofwaterandapowerfulfan,ahumancouldconceivablytolerateheatofupto140degreesFahrenheit(60℃)inairwith10percenthumidity.Thatseemedawfullyhigh,soIranthenumberbyDr.Schlader.“Doingsome39calculations,Icameupwithasimilarnumber,”hesaid,“Honestly,Iwassurprised.”But,headded,thesemodelsarelikelynotreliableatsuchextremes.“Iwould40suchfindingswithcaution.”III.ReadingComprehension(45分)SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA.B.CandD.FillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontextTimehasbecomeascarcecommodity.Everyonewantsmoreofit.Thecomplaint‘ifonlyIhadmoretime’echoesaroundofficesandhomesinthewesternworld;‘hurrysickness’isbecomingtheproblemofthenewage.Allovertheworld,peopleareworkinglongerandlongerhours,andstrugglingto41moreandmoreeveryday.Symptomsincludejabbingthe‘doorclose’buttononliftdoorstosavethetwotofoursecondsrequiredforittodoitonitsown,andan42todoonethingatatime,sothateveryjourneybecomesaphonecallopportunity.Technologyisspeedinguptheworld.Allovertheglobe,therehasbeena43increaseinsalesoflaptopsandmobilephones(withahands-freesetsothatyoucandosomethingelseatthesametime):andwewonderhowwemanagedwithoutremotecontrolsande-mail.Weliveinaninstant,insistentworld.Advertisementsread“Havingtroublekeepingupwithyourself?”We44theslowerpaceoflifewerememberinthedimanddistantpast,butenthusiasticallysignupfore-mail,messagingservices,eveningclasses,andeventimemanagementclasses.Theresultisparentswitha45ofqualitytimetospendwiththeirchildren,andsurveysshowthatworkingcouplesareseeinglessandlessofeachotherthesedays,andthat46overtimespentondomesticchoresandchildcarearebecomingamajorcauseofmaritaldiscord(婚姻不合).Theideaofdoingnothinghasbecometerrifying,asuresignof47.Likeanycommoditythathasbecomescarce,timehasbecomea48.Inwhatissupposedtobetheworldoftheconsumer,firmsarestealingtimefromcustomers.Itisnowperfectlyacceptabletobeaskedtohold49thephoneisanswered.Thissavesthecompanytime,butcostsyoutime.Weare50inaconstant,subtlewarovertime.Ifthepoliticsofclassdominatedthelastcentury,thepoliticsoftimecoulddominatethisone.Ofcourse,thereisa51dimensiontotherushculture.Oneofthebiggest52ofthepastfewdecadeshasbeentotakethepreviousrelationshipbetweentimeandstatus-therichhadlotsoftime,thepoorhadlittle-andreverseit.WhilebankersintheCityarenowattheirdeskat7a.m.,inthegoodolddays‘bankers’hours’meant10a.m.till4pmwitha53lunchbreak.Moreover,tobeseentohavetimetospareisasignoflowstatus;whenarranginglunch,itisnotdonetobe54toosoon.Similarly,beinglateismovingfrombeingasignofrudenesstoasignofstatus.Atwo-tiertimesocietyisgraduallybeingbuilt,withthemoney-rich,time-poorononelevel,andthemoney-poor,time-richontheother.Therichareworkinglongerhoursinordertocompletewitheachother.Atthesametime,theyareemployingothers-cleaners,child-minders,gardeners,andfastfoodoutlets-inordertoallowthemtoworkallthetime.55,moreandmoreofusareputtingourselvesonthetreadmill(跑步機)ofconstantactivity,takingonanincreasinglyheavyworkload,andneverstoppingforamomenttoaskourselveswhy.41．A．bump B．adopt C．slide D．fit42．A．effort B．occasion C．inability D．attempt43．A．massive B．spectacular C．complex D．slight44．A．yearnfor B．strivefor C．relyon D．floodinto45．A．flash B．moment C．period D．lack46．A．demands B．rows C．unwillingness D．realization47．A．emotions B．worthlessness C．fatigue D．habits48．A．solution B．treasure C．battleground D．relation49．A．aslongas B．evenif C．thefirsttime D．theinstant50．A．engaged B．dedicated C．hidden D．delighted51．A．class B．logic C．research D．literature52．A．reminders B．policies C．transitions D．expectations53．A．complimentary B．decent C．family D．quick54．A．available B．dramatic C．protective D．approachable55．A．Admittedly B．However C．Meanwhile D．SimilarlySectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.ATherearestillmanythingsthatPeterCookewouldliketotryhishandat--paper-makingandfeather-workareonhislist.Forthemomentthough,hewillsticktotheskillthathehasbeendelightedtoperfectoverthepasttenyears:makingdelicateandunusualobjectsoutofshells.“TellmeifIamboringyou,”hesays,asheleadsmeroundhisapartmentshowingmehiswork.Thereisafinelinebetweenbeingaboreandbeinganenthusiast,butCookeneednotworry:hefitsintothelattercategory,helpedbothbyhischarmandbythebeautyofthethingshemakes.Hepointstoapairofshell-coveredornaments(裝飾品)aboveafireplace.“Ishan’tbeatallbotheredifpeopledon’tbuythembecauseIhavegotsousedtothem,andtomethey’readorable.Inevermeanttosellmyworkcommercially.Somefriendscametoseemeaboutfiveyearsagoandsaid,‘Youmusthaveanexhibition--peopleoughttoseethese.We’lltalktoamanwhoownsanartgallery’”.TheresultwasanexhibitioninLondon,atwhich70percentoftheobjectsweresold.Hissecondexhibitionopenedatthegalleryyesterday.Consideringtheenormouspricesthatthepiecescommand—around$2,000fortheornament—anemptyspaceabovethefireplacewouldseemasmallsacrificeforCooketomake.Thereare86piecesintheexhibition,withpricesstartingat￡225forashell--flowerinacrystalvase.Cookeinsiststhathehasnothingtodowiththepricesandischeerilyopenabouttheirlevel:heclaimsthereisnobodyelseintheworldwhoproducesworklikehis,and,asthegallery-ownertoldhim,“Well,you’regoingtostoponedayandeverybodywillwantyourpiecesbecausetherewon’tbeanymore.”Cookehascreatedhisownmethodandusesmaterialsasandwhenhefindsthem.Heusesthecardboardsentbackwithlaunderedshirtsforhisflowerbases,anamelessglueboughtfromasail-maker(‘Ifitrunsout,Idon’tknowwhatIwilldo!’)andwashing-upliquidtowashtheshells.“IhaveanideaofwhatIwanttodoanditjustdoesitself,”hesaysofhisworkingmethod,yettheattentiontodetail,colourgradationsandsymmetry(對稱)heachieveslookfarfromaccidental.56．WhatcanbelearnedaboutPeterCookefromthefirstparagraph?A．Hehasproducedobjectswithdifferentmaterials.B．Hewaspraisedforhisshellobjectsmanyyearsago.C．Hehopestoworkwithothermaterialsinthefuture.D．Hehaswrittenabouthisloveforshellobjects.57．Whenlookingroundhisapartment,thewriter________.A．isattractedbyCooke’spersonalityB．realizeshefindsCooke’sworkboringC．feelsuncertainaboutgivingCookehisopinionD．sensesthatCookewantshisproductstobeadmired58．The“smallsacrifice”inparagraph3refersto________.A．thelossofCooke’sornamentsB．thedisplayofCooke’sornamentsC．thecostofkeepingCooke’sornamentsD．thespacerequiredtostoreCooke’sornaments59．Whentalkingabouttheartist’sworkingmethod,thewriterimpliesthatCooke________.A．isunawareoftheuniquequalityhisworkhasB．acceptsthathesometimesmakesmistakesC．undervaluesthematerialsthatheusesD．underrateshiscreativecontributionBTheFilm:TheGreatGatsby

(BasedonFitzgerald’sNovelTheGreatGatsby)Director:BazLuhrmann

Cast:LeonardoDiCaprioasJayGatsbyFilmReviews:IfyouhaveneverreadtheclassicF.ScottFitzgerald’snovelTheGreatGatsby,nowisyourchancetocatchup—bywatchingthelatestfilmadaptation.Becauseifthere’sonesentencetosumupthefilm,itwouldbe:It’sjustlikethebook.Theuseofmusicisalmostreasonenoughtoseethefilm.BazLuhrmannisathisbestmixingvisualandmusicalstylestogethertocreatesomethingwhollyoriginal,forexample,inoneofthemostoutstandingscenesinthefilm,thefirstpartyscene,NickwalksquicklyfromonepartyguesttoanotherpartyguesttryingtoexplainallthegossipaboutGatsbyuntilheisfinallyintroducedtothemanhimself,whilethemoststirringversionofRhapsodyinBlue(藍色狂想曲),whichwascomposedbyAmericanmusicianGeorgeGershwinin1924,isplayedinthebackground.─FoxNewsDirectorBazLuhrmann’smainchallengewaseithertofindavisualequivalent(相等物)forFitzgerald’selegantquality—theopensecretofthebook’spopularityforsolongtime–ortomatchhisownunusualpersonalstrengthswiththematerial.Hetriesitbothways,withconsiderabledegreesofsuccess.LeonardoDiCapriodoesagoodandprofessionaljobasthesocialite(社會名流)byrecreatingFitzgerald’sdescriptionofGatsby’scharm.Hecanlookatsomeoneforaninstantandunderstandhow,perfectly,heorshewantstobeseen.─TimeMagazineAbouttheBookandtheMainCharacter:ConsideredtobeFitzgerald’srepresentativework,TheGreatGatsbyexploresthemesofidealism,resistancetochange,socialchange,andexcess,creatingaportraitoftheJazzAgeortheRoaringTwentiesthathasbeendescribedasataleregardingtheAmericanDream.Nick,thenarrator,movestoNewYorkforthesummertovisithiscousinDaisy.Hisnext-doorneighborisJayGatsby(LeonardoDiCaprio),whorarelycontactswithothersandissaidtobeaherooftheGreatWar.GatsbyclaimstohaveattendedOxfordUniversity,buttheevidenceissuspect.AsNicklearnsmoreaboutGatsby,everydetailabouthimseemsquestionable,excepthislovefortheDaisy.ThoughDaisyismarried,Gatsbystilllovesherashis“goldengirl”.Theyfirstmetwhenshewasayoungladyfromawealthyfamilyandhewasaworking-classmilitaryofficer.Daisypromisedtowaitforhisreturnfromthewar.However,shemarriedTom,aclassmateofNick’s.Havingobtainedagreatfortune,Gatsbysetsouttowinherbackagain.60．TheFoxNewsreviewmentionedthefirstpartysceneinthefilmto________.A．revealthefactthatNickwantstoknowmoreaboutGatsbyB．showtheversionofRhapsodyinBluematchesthefilmwellC．provethatthedirectorisgoodatcombiningvisualandmusicD．convinceusthatthefirstsceneisperfectlyfilmedbythedirector61．AccordingtoTimeMagazine,whatdidBazLuhrmanndotomakethefilmasuccess?A．Headaptedthestoryinthenovelashewished.B．Hemadethefilmmorepowerfulthanthebook.C．Hemixedhisstylewiththeeleganceofthebook.D．Hechangedthestorytomeethisownstyle.62．WhichofthefollowingcanbeusedtodescribeGatsby?A．Faithfulandwarm-hearted. B．Charmingandprofessional.C．Selfishandtimid. D．Mysteriousanddevoted.CElephantshavefourdistinctpersonalitiesthathelptheirherdsurviveintheAfricanbush,scientistshavefound.Withtheirgreyskin,mournfuleyesandslowheavypace,youcouldbeforgivenforthinkingelephantsareuniformlybluecreatures.Butscientistshavenowdiscoveredthelargestlivinglandanimalshavepersonalitiestomatchtheirsize.InanewstudyofAfricanelephants,researchershaveidentifiedfourdistinctcharactersthatarecommoninaherd--theleaders,thegentlegiants,theplayfulroguesandthereliableplodders.Eachofthetypeshasdevelopedtohelpthegiantmammalssurviveintheirharshenvironmentandisalmostuniqueintheanimalkingdom,accordingtothescientists.ProfessorPhyllisLeeandhercolleagueCynthiaMossstudiedaherdofelephantsintheAmboseliNationalParkinKenyaknownastheEBfamily—famousfortheirmatriarchEchobeforeshediedin2009.Usingdatacollectedover38yearsofwatchingthisgroup,theresearchersanalyzedthemfor26typesofbehaviorsandfoundfourpersonalityfeaturestendedtoemerge.Thestrongestpersonalitytoemergewasthatoftheleader.Unlikeotheranimals,whereleadershiptendstobewonbymostdominantandaggressiveindividual,theelephantsinsteadrespectedintelligenceandproblem-solvingintheirleader.Echo,thematriarchandoldestinthegroup,herdaughterEnid,andElla,thesecondoldestfemale,allemergedasleaders.Theplayfulelephantstendedtobeyoungerbutweremorecuriousandactive.Eudora,a40-year-oldfemaleintheherd,seemedtobethemostplayful,consistentlyshowingthistraitthroughoutherlifewhileplayfulnessinsomeoftheotherelephantsdeclinedwithage.Gentleelephants,whichincludedtwo27-year-oldfemalesEleanorandEliot,caressedandrubbedagainstothersmorethantheothers.Thosethatwerereliabletendedtobethosethatweremostconsistentatmakinggooddecisions,helpedtocareforinfantsintheherdandwerecalmwhenfacedwiththreats.EchoandheryoungestdaughterEbonyseemedtobethemostreliable.ProfessorLesssaidthatelephantswiththesefeaturestendedtobethemostsociallyintegratedinthegroupwhilethosewhotendedtobepushyandlessreliableweremorelikelytosplitfromtheherd.63．Thereasonwhyelephantshavefourdistinctpersonalitiesisthat________.A．scientistscandistinguishthemfromeachothermoreeasily.B．thefourpersonalitiescanhelpthemsurviveinAfrica.C．theelephantswillbeuniqueintheanimalkingdom.D．theelephantscanavoidbeingcaughtbyhumanbeings.64．Fromthepassagewegettoknowthat________.A．theresearchersreachedtheirconclusionbyanalyzingthedata.B．theresearchcenteredonthe26typesofbehaviorofthematriarch.C．thescientistsconductedtheresearchbycomparingelephantswithotheranimals.D．ProfessorPhyllisLeeandhercolleaguespentnearly38yearstrackingtheherd.65．IntheEBfamilyEchoandEudoraare________.A．motheranddaughter B．thetwooldestfemaleC．themostgentleones D．leaderandmember66．Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutelephantsaccordingtothepassage?A．Notallthetypescanhelptheelephantssurviveintheirenvironment.B．Leadershiptendstobewonbythemostdominantandaggressiveelephant.C．Theplayfulelephantsnotonlytendedtobeyoungerbutalsoweremorecurious.D．Thereliableelephantsarelikelytorelyonotherstodecidewhattodo.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.AskingforalittlecangoalongwayThroughoutthisbookwe’veattemptedtoprovideevidencetosupportourclaimsthatwecansuccessfullymovepeopletosayyes.67Alongwithseveralcolleagues,oneofussetouttodojustthat.Wethoughtthat,whenaskedtomakeadonation,eventhosewhowouldliketosupportthecharityinsomewaysayno,becausetheycan’taffordtodonateverymuch,andtheyassumethatthesmallamountthattheycanaffordwouldn’tdomuchtohelpthecause.68Totestthishypothesis(假設)ourresearchassistantswentdoortodoortorequestdonationsfortheAmericanCancerSociety.Afterintroducingthemselves,theyaskedtheresidents,“Wouldyoubewillingtohelpbygivingadonation?”Forhalftheresidentstherequestendedthere.69Whenweanalyzedtheresultswefoundthat,consistentwithourhypothesis,peopleinthe“evenapennywillhelp”halfofthesamplewerealmosttwiceaslikelytodonatetothecause.Andtheamounttheindividualsgavewasalsofoundtobemoreorlessthesameinbothhalves,sothepeopleinthe“evenapenny”halfdidnotdonateless.70Applicationsintheworkplacemightbe:toaco-workerregardingajointproject,“Justanhourofyourtimewouldreallyhelp,”toaco-workerwhosehandwritingisillegible,“Justalittlemoreclaritywouldhelp.”Thechancesarethatthislittlestepintherightdirectionwon’tprovesolittleafterall.A．Basedonthisreasoning,wethoughtthatonewaytourgepeopletodonateinsuchasituationwouldbetoinformthemthatevenanextremelysmallsumwouldbehelpful.B．Thestudysuggeststhatifyouwantsomebodytodosomethingforyou,simplypointingoutthatevenalittleassistanceontheirpartwouldbeacceptableislikelytobeaneffectivestrategy.C．Fortheotherhalf,however,theresearchassistantadded“Evenapennywillhelp.”D．Andthere'senoughproofthatpeopletendtoyeswhentheybelievewhattheydocanhelp.E．Butincertainsituationsandenvironmentsit’salsoimportanttounderstandwhypeoplesaynotoreasonablerequests,suchasarequesttodonatetoacharity.F．Fortheotherhalftherequestmayendwithareasonwhytheirassistanceisnecessary.IV.SummaryWriting（10分）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinNOMORETHAN60WORDS.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.ThelostartoflisteningDoyouthinkyou’reagoodlistener?Chancesarethatyoudo.Howeverstudiesshowthatmostpeopleseriouslyoverestimatetheirabilitytolisten.Thetruthiswearegenerallynotgoodatlistening,andourlisteningcomprehensiondeclinesasweage.ThiswasprovenbyDr.RalphNichols,whoconductedasimpleexperimenttoteststudents’listeningskills.HehadsomeMinnesotateachersstopwhattheyweredoingmid-class,andthenaskedstudentstodescribewhattheirteachershadbeentalkingabout.Whileolderkidswithmoredevelopedbrains,areusuallyassumedtobebetterlisteners,theresults,however,showedotherwise:While90percentoffirst-andsecond-gradersgavecorrectresponses,thispercentagedroppedrapidlyasthestudentsgotolder.Onereasonforourpoorlisteningconcernsthespeedatwhichwethink.Theadultbraincanprocessuptoaround400word