全國碩士研究生招生考試《英語一》全真模擬卷五材料題根據以下材料，回答1-20題Advancesingenetictechnologiesallowscientiststotakeanunp（江南博哥）recedentedglimpseintothegeneticmakeupofeveryperson.Theinformationfromthistestingcanservemanyvaluable1：Itcansavelives,assistcouplestryingtodecidewhetherornottohavechildren,andhelplaw-enforcementofficialssolveacrime.2breakthroughsingenetictestingalso3sometroublingsocialconcernsaboutprivacyanddiscrimination.4,ifanindividual'sgeneticinformationbecomeswidely5,itcouldgivehealthinsurerscausetodenycoveragetopeoplewithcertainriskfactorsorencourageemployerstorejectcertainhigh-riskjobapplicants.Furthermore,manygenetically6problemsaremorecommonamongcertainracialandethnicgroups.Manyminoritygroupsfearthatthe7ofgenetictestingcouldcreatewholenew8ofdiscrimination.Ofparticularconcernaregeneticteststhat9lightontraitssuchaspersonality,intelligence,andmentalhealthorpotentialabilities.Geneticteststhat10apersonisunlikelytogetalongwithotherpeoplecouldbeusedtolimitaperson'sprofessionaladvancement.Inothercases,teststhat11ageneticriskofheartfailurecoulddiscourageaperson12competinginsports.Newtechnologiesthat13themanipulationofgeneshaveraisedevenmoredisturbingpossibilities.Genetherapyadvances,whichallowscientiststoreplace14geneswithnormalalleles,givepeoplewithtypicallyfataldiseasesnewhopeforhealthylives.15,genetherapyhasfocusedonmanipulatingthegeneticmaterialinbodycells16gametes(thecellsinvolvedinreproduction),sothechangeswillnotbe17tofuturegenerations.However,theapplicationofgenetherapytechniquestogametesseems18.Suchmanipulationmighthelppreventthe19ofdiseasefromonegenerationtoanother,butitcouldalso20unforeseenproblemswithlong-lastingconsequences.查看材料1.【完形填空】第1題答案是A.purposesB.perspectivesC.fieldsD.vocations正確答案：A參考解析：purpose意圖、計劃、目的perspective觀點、看法field領域、視野vocation職業、使命基因技術的進步使得科學家們能夠看見每個人的基因構成，而這是前所未有的事情，檢測所得來的信息有多種寶貴的______.A表示有多種用途。正確。查看材料2.【完形填空】第2題答案是A.YetB.And

C.ThereforeD.Whereby正確答案：A參考解析：空格前說了基因檢測的多種用途。空格后面指出基因檢測的重大突破也使社會越來越關注隱私和歧視這樣令人不安的話題。其中存在轉折的邏輯關系。A正確。查看材料3.【完形填空】第3題答案是A.decrease

B.settle

C.raise

D.keep正確答案：C參考解析：主語是breakthroughsingenetictesting，賓語是sometroublingsocialconcerns空格填寫一個動詞表明主語和賓語的聯系。由句意可推測“令人不安”是負面影響，即基因檢測所導致的一些問題，C正確。查看材料4.【完形填空】第4題答案是A.IncontrastB.ForexampleC.InconsequenceD.Asusual正確答案：B參考解析：上一句提到對社會話題的憂慮。后面的主句又指出這就給了健康保險公司拒絕為有某種風險因素的人承保的理由。或會使雇主拒絕聘用某類高風險的求職者。很明顯這句話是對上的舉例說明。B正確。查看材料5.【完形填空】第5題答案是A.reliableB.identifiableC.suitableD.available正確答案：D參考解析：reliable

可信賴的、可靠的identifiable可辨認的、可視為相同的suitable合適的、適宜的available可用的，可獲得的翻譯：如果個人的基因信息變得______，這就給了健康保險公司拒絕為又某種風險因素的人承保的理由。available有“可獲得的”的意思。D正確。查看材料6.【完形填空】第6題答案是A.integrated

B.complicatedC.combinedD.linked正確答案：D參考解析：integrate合并、成為一體complicate使復雜化combine使結合、混合link聯系、有關系Furthermore表遞進，翻譯：此外，很多和基因______問題在某些種族和族群里更為普遍.linked“相關聯的”符合此處文意。D正確。查看材料7.【完形填空】第7題答案是A.expansion

B.inflation

C.extensionD.verification正確答案：A參考解析：expansion擴大、擴張inflation膨脹、通貨膨脹extension延期、延長verification證明、證實翻譯：很多少數民族擔心,，基因檢測的______會引起全新的歧視.A符合題意。查看材料8.【完形填空】第8題答案是A.informationB.avenues

C.places

D.words正確答案：B參考解析：information信息avenue方法、途徑place放置、安頓、地方word詞語、消息翻譯：很多少數民族擔心，基因檢測的擴大使用會引起全新的歧視________。B符合題意。正確。查看材料9.【完形填空】第9題答案是A.embodyB.shedC.setD.shoot正確答案：B參考解析：固定搭配shedlighton：使..清楚的顯出查看材料10.【完形填空】第10題答案是A.concludeB.predict

C.indicateD.allege正確答案：C參考解析：conclude推斷出、總結predict預言、預測indicate表明、暗示allege斷言、宣稱翻譯：那些基因結果_____一個人不太可能與其他人相處融洽的基因檢測可能被用來限制一個人的職業晉升。C正確。查看材料11.【完形填空】第11題答案是A.certify

B.rectify

C.identifyD.justify正確答案：C參考解析：cetify證明、給…頒發結業證書

rectify

改正、校正identfy認出、辨別

justify證明...有理

前面舉了一個例子與人相處不融洽的基因會限制一個人的晉升，另外一些情況應該也是講述基因檢測帶來的一些不良影響。

基因檢測____心理衰竭的基因風險的檢測會阻止一個人_____體育競技。第一個空應該填寫identify“確認”。查看材料12.【完形填空】第12題答案是A.fromB.intoC.with

D.on正確答案：A參考解析：固定搭配discouragesbfromdoing：勸某人不要做什么。查看材料13.【完形填空】第13題答案是A.preach

B.allow

C.fund

D.grant正確答案：B參考解析：that引導的定語從句修飾主語Newtechnologies，空格處應填人一個動詞作定語從句的謂語。翻譯：_______操縱基因的新技術引起了甚至更多不安的可能性。allow“允許、使可能”符合題意。查看材料14.【完形填空】第14題答案是A.infective

B.effectiveC.productiveD.defective正確答案：D參考解析：infective會傳染的;有傳染性的

effective

有效的、實際的

productive

富有成效的、多產的

defective

有缺陷的、有毛病的基因療法的進步使得科學家們用正常的等位基因替代______基因，這也給那些患有某種致命疾病的人燃起了健康生活的新希望.

D正確。查看材料15.【完形填空】第15題答案是A.AsaresultB.InasenseC.TodateD.Ineffect正確答案：C參考解析：Asaresult所以、結果Inasense在某種意義上、在一定程度上Todate到目前為止、迄今Ineffect實際上空格后面指出，基因療法專注于操縱身體細胞里的基因物質，用的是完成時態hasfocusedon。各個選項帶入空格，只有Todate“迄今為止”符合題意。查看材料16.【完形填空】第16題答案是A.lessthan

B.morethanC.otherthanD.soonerthan正確答案：C參考解析：lessthan小于、以內morethan超過、多余otherthan除什么以外soonerthan早于翻譯：迄今為止，基因療法集中于操縱配子(生育細胞)______身體細胞里的基因物質.查看材料17.【完形填空】第17題答案是A.passedonB.givenupC.putforward

D.turnedover正確答案：A參考解析：passon傳遞、傳給giveup放棄、投降putforward提出、將什么前移turnover移交轉換翻譯：因此，這種改變也不會_______未來的子孫.前文說基因療法集中于操縱除配字以外的身體細胞。所以passedon“傳給”代入后符合文意。查看材料18.【完形填空】第18題答案是A.invisible

B.inactive

C.inevitableD.incapable正確答案：C參考解析：invisible看不見的、無形的inactive不活動的、不活躍的inevitable不可避免的、必然發生incapable無能力的、不會的翻譯：然而，配子基因療法技術的應用似乎是________。前文說這種改變不會傳染給后代。然后however轉折。inevitable“不可避免的”代人空格后表明其趨勢。查看材料19.【完形填空】第19題答案是A.observationB.transmissionC.evaluationD.demonstration正確答案：B參考解析：observation觀察、監視transmission播送、傳送evaluation評估、估價demonstration示范、演示翻譯：這種技術有助于預防疾病由一代______另一代.transmission代人后意為“疾病的傳播。查看材料20.【完形填空】第20題答案是A.leadB.indicate

C.reflect

D.produce正確答案：D參考解析：lead領導、導致indicate表明、暗示reflect反映、反射produce引起、產生翻譯：但這也會______一些不可預見的問題，導致持久的后果.produce有“引起，帶來”的意思。材料題根據下面資料，回答21-25題The60thanniversaryoftheexpeditionthatfirsttookhumanstothehighestspotonearth—thepeakofEverest—waswidelycelebratedsevenyearsago.The60thanniversaryofthefirstexpeditiontoitsdeepestpointhasgonealmostunnoticed.YetthattriptothebottomoftheChallengerDeep,atthesouthernendoftheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean,wasanequallyremarkablefeatandhasrarelybeenrepeated.WhilethousandsofclimbershavesinceclimbedEverestinthefootstepsofTenzingNorgayandEdmundHillary,onlytwomorepeoplehavefollowedtherouteofJacquesPiccardandDonWalsh,whoreachedthebottomin1960.Itwasnotuntil2012thatfilm-makerJamesCameronconductedasolodivetothealmost11km-deepvalley,collectingsamplesandvideo.Lastyear,explorervictorVescovofollowedsuit.True,otherreaches,notquiteasdistant,havebeenbetterexplored.Butthoughmorethanhalftheworldiscoveredbyoceanmorethan200mdeep—thepointatwhichthesunlightfadesandoneentersthetwilightzone—itwasnotuntil1930thathumansreachedthedeepseaforthefirsttime.Thoughscientistshavesincediscoveredextraordinarycreaturesandfeatures,muchremainstobediscovered.Thereachesoftheseabeneath6kmareknownasthehadalzone,takingtheirnamefromtheunderworldoftheancientGreeks：thedepthoftheMarianaTrenchensuresitisperpetuallydark,andthattemperaturesareonlyjustabovefreezing.Yetwearediscoveringthatifitisaninhospitablespaceforhumans,itisfarfromdeserted.Fouryearsago,alivevideofeedfromaremotelyoperatedvesselallowedordinaryviewerstoseetheabundant,though"notverydiverse",lifetobefounddownthere.Theareanowenjoysprotection,escapingunscathedafteritwaslistedasoneofthe27nationalmonumentsthatDonaldTrumpplacedunderreviewin2017.Otherpartsofthedeepseaareatimmediaterisk.Evenasresearchersincreasetheirabilitytoexplorethisworld,theraceisontoexploitit.AnanalysispublishedlastmonthinthejournalOneEarthwarnedofthethreattotheoceansfrom"blueacceleration",therecentriseinmarineindustrialization,whichincludesseabedmineralmining.Greenpeacewarnedlastyearthat29ocean-floorexplorationlicenceshadbeenissued,coveringanareatotaling1.3millionsqkm—threateningtoworsentheclimateemergencybydisruptingcarbonstoresinseafloorsediments,aswellasdestroyingbarelyexploredhabitatsthatmightofferextraordinaryscientificinsightsandevennewmedicines.ThoughtheUNissupposedtowrapupaglobaloceantreatythisyear,manycampaignersarepessimisticabouttheprospectofitofferingthekindofprotectiontheybelieveisneeded.Governmentsmustdobetter.Tofallshortwouldnotonlythreatenthehabitatsandcreaturesofthedeep,buthumanstoo,howeverunlikelymostofusaretoeverventuredownthere.查看材料21.【閱讀理解PartA】InParagraph2,JamesCameronandVictorVescovoiscitedtoshowthat_______A.samplesandvideoshouldbecollectedin11km-deepvalleyB.extraordinarycreaturesandfeaturescanbediscoveredC.thedeepestpointonearthhasgonerarelyexploredD.thetriptothe11km-deepvalleyhasnotbeenrepeated正確答案：C參考解析：WhilethousandsofclimbershavesinceclimbedEverestinthefootstepsofTenzingNorgayandEdmundHillary,onlytwomorepeoplehavefollowedtherouteofJacquesPiccardandDonWalsh,whoreachedthebottomin1960.第二段講述了，有很多人沿著TenzingNorgayandEdmundHillary的腳步接著攀登珠穆拉瑪峰，但是很少人探索地球最深處的“挑戰者深淵”，故選項C為正確答案。查看材料22.【閱讀理解PartA】Whichofthefollowingistrueofthehadalzone?A.Itisaliveablespaceforhumanstolive.B.Itallowspeopletoseeabundantlifethere.C.ItisnamedaftertheunderworldoftheRoman.D.Itfailstopassthenationalmonumentsreview.正確答案：B參考解析：Fouryearsago,alivevideofeedfromaremotelyoperatedvesselallowedordinaryviewerstoseetheabundant,though"notverydiverse",lifetobefounddownthere.根據題意B選項“在這里人們可以看到豐富的生物”為正確答案。查看材料23.【閱讀理解PartA】WhatdoestheimmediateriskinParagraph5refersto?A.Human'sgrowingcapacityforresearch.B.Thespeedingupoftheindustrialization.C.Human'sexploitationoftheocean.D.Thedeteriorationsofenvironment.正確答案：C參考解析：Otherpartsofthedeepseaareatimmediaterisk.Evenasresearchersincreasetheirabilitytoexplorethisworld,theraceisontoexploitit.研究人員除了提高探索深海的能力外，也在競相開發這片深海，由此可知，這里的immediaterisk指的即是人類對海洋的開發，故選項C為正確答案。查看材料24.【閱讀理解PartA】Thephrase"wrapup"(Para6)isclosestinmeaningto______A.endorseB.condemnC.bargainD.formulate正確答案：A參考解析：endorse簽署condemn譴責bargain討價還價formulate制定翻譯：盡管聯合國本應在今年_____一項全球海洋條約，但許多海洋保護人士對該條約所提供的必要保護措施的前景感到悲觀.海洋條約應該是簽署或者締結，故選項endorse“簽署”正確。查看材料25.【閱讀理解PartA】Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ProspectofGlobalOceanTreatyB.IntroductionoftheHadalZoneC.AdventureoftheEverestD.ExpeditionoftheDeepSea正確答案：D參考解析：文章從探索珠穆拉瑪峰和太平洋馬里亞納海溝南端的對比，引出了海洋的探索，及其海洋探索的價值與問題。本文通過舉例的方式，表達了對海底未知區域進行探索是十分有必要的，但也要注意保護這些未開發地。D正確。背景材料材料題根據以下材料，回答26-30題Economistshavecometorivalevenjournalistsandpoliticiansinlackofpublicesteem.Thatmightbepartlybecausesomanyeconomistsseemasinterestedinjournalismandpoliticsasinadvancingtheirscience.Butthere'salsoadeeperproblem：Farfromadvancing,thescienceofeconomicshasbeengoingbackwards.Economiststendtobeeitherpractitionersortheorists.PractitionersonWallStreet,incentralbanks,andingovernmentaimtosaywheretheeconomyisheadedandofferadviceonhowtoimproveitstrajectory.Academicsinuniversitiesandbusinessschoolsspinthetheoriesthatguidethepractitioners.Thetroubleis,toomanytheorists—especiallyinthemainstreamofthediscipline—havedriftedfarfromtherealworld.Theirambitionhasbeentobuildmathematicallyelegantandinternallyconsistentmodelsoftheeconomy,evenifthatrequireswhollyunrealisticassumptions.Granted,justasmapshavetosimplifycomplexterrain,theoreticalmodelsmustignoreaspectsofrealitytobeanyuse.Butthere'salinebetweensimplificationandgrossdistortion,andmodernmaeroeconomicshascrossedit.Beforethe2008financialcrisis,forexample,thestandardmodelsmoreorlessignoredfinance.Nobanks,noindebtedness,noleverage.Asaresult,theycouldn'tmakesenseoftheworstglobalrecessionsincethe1930s.Theyalsotypicallyassertedthatfiscalstimulushadlittleornoeffectonconsumerspending,whichfollowsfromthemodel'smathematicallyconvenientassumptions.IfPresidentBarackObamaandCongresshadappliedsuchthinkingin2009,therecessionwouldhavebeenmuchworse.Fortunately,policywasguidednotbymodernmacrobutbyold-fashionedKeynesianism,longsinceabandonedbytheacademy.Givensuchspectacularfailures,you'dthinktheprofessionwouldhavegonebacktothedrawingboard.Ithasn't.True,someimprovementshavebeenattempted,andsomescholarshavedonevaluableworkonthehistoryofcrises,theroleofhouseholddebt,thedriversofinequality,andmuchelse.Buttheerroratthecoreofmodernmacroeconomics—thatmathematicalconsistencymattersmorethanempiricalrelevance—prevails.Justglancethroughtheleadingacademicjournals.Revivingeconomiesasasciencewillrequireeconomiststoactmorelikescientists.Ifmodelsarerefutedbytheobservableworld,tossthemout.Relyonexperiments,dataandreplicationtotesttheoriesandunderstandhowpeopleandcompaniesreallybehave.Editorsofthemostprestigiousjournalsshouldopentheirpagestoresearchthatchallengesthestandardtheories,evenifitdoesn'tyetpointtoencompassingnewalternatives.Injustabouteverybranchofscience,theoreticalresearchhasbeencrucialtoachievingbreakthroughs.Inmacroeconomics,ithasheldprogressback.Tostopthedisciplinefadingintoirrelevance,thiswillhavetochange.Whoknows?Ifitdoes,economistsmightfinallystartgettingsomerespect.查看材料26.【閱讀理解PartA】Inthefirsttwoparagraphs,theauthorshowshisconcernsthat_____A.economistsarenolongersolelyinterestedineconomies.B.theoristsdonotprovideusefuladvicetothegovernment.C.thescientificstatusofeconomicswouldkeepdeclining.D.economistswouldhardlyregaintheirpublicrespect.正確答案：C參考解析：Farfromadvancing,thescienceofeconomicshasbeengoingbackwards.作為一門科學而言，不但沒有向前發展，經濟學一直在倒退，作者擔心經濟學的學術地位會進一步下降。C正確。查看材料27.【閱讀理解PartA】WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Academicmodelsacceptpropersimplification.B.Realityshouldbeevadedwhendesigningmodels.C.Unrealisticassumptionsshouldbeadoptedinmodels.D.Macroeconomicsconcentratesonoversimplification.正確答案：A參考解析：Granted,justasmapshavetosimplifycomplexterrain,theoreticalmodelsmustignoreaspectsofrealitytobeanyuse.Butthere'salinebetweensimplificationandgrossdistortion,andmodernmaeroeconomicshascrossedit.

作者進一步指出當前經濟學家身上出現的問題，即偏離現實。接著作者讓步以地圖為例，認為經濟理論模型帶有簡化性無可厚非，但是過度簡化就會造成扭曲，這也是現代宏觀經濟學所面臨的問題。A正確。查看材料28.【閱讀理解PartA】Theauthor'sattitudetowardPresidentObama'spolicyis_____A.skepticalB.supportiveC.ambiguousD.sarcastic正確答案：B參考解析：第四段作者以2008年經濟危機為實例來證明當代經濟學模型的失效，即這場危機無法以標準的經濟模型進行解釋，如果奧巴馬政府以標準經濟模型為基礎來制定應對政策，則衰退會更加嚴重；由原文的虛擬語氣可知，奧巴馬政府事實上沒有根據標準經濟模型來制定政策，而避免了更加嚴重的經濟衰退，所以作者對奧巴馬的政策應該是支持的。故[B]為答案。查看材料29.【閱讀理解PartA】Oneproblemwiththeleadingacademicjournalsisthat______A.theycontributelimitedimprovementstocurrenteconomictheory.B.theyprefertheoreticalconsistencyratherthanpracticalutility.C.theyprovidenopracticalguidancetocountereconomiccrises.D.theyencourageeconomiststoexpandtheirinterestsbroadly.正確答案：B參考解析：Buttheerroratthecoreofmodernmacroeconomics—thatmathematicalconsistencymattersmorethanempiricalrelevance—prevails.Justglancethroughtheleadingacademicjournals.

現代宏觀經濟學核心的錯誤是普遍存在的，這一點只要瀏覽一下諸多知名的學術期刊就能體會到。即數學一致性比實證經驗相關性更重要。B正確。查看材料30.【閱讀理解PartA】"This"inthelastparagraphrefersto______A.thefadingfeaturesofcurrentmacroeconomicsB.thedecliningstatusofeconomicsasascienceC.thedeficientbreakthroughsinmacroeconomicsD.theadverseeffectoftheoriesinmacroeconomics正確答案：D參考解析：在科學的每一個分支，理論研究都是實現突破的關鍵，對宏觀經濟學而言，理論研究是阻礙其發展的，必須改變現行的相關理論研究。this指代現行經濟學理論的缺陷。D正確。材料題根據下面資料，回答31-35題"Natureisn'tclassical,andifyouwanttomakeasimulationofnatureyou'dbettermakeitquantummechanical,andit'sawonderfulproblembecauseitdoesn'tlookeasy."Withthosewords,in1981,RichardFeynmanintroducedtheideathat,byharnessingquantummechanics,itmightbepossibletobuildanewkindofcomputer,capableoftacklingproblemsthatwouldcauseanordinarymachinetochoke.Overthepastfourdecadesquantumcomputershaveslowlyevolvedfromscrawlsontheoreticians'blackboardstosmallmachinesinuniversitylaboratoriestoresearchprojectsrunbysomeoftheworld'sbiggestcompanies.Nowoneofthosemachines,builtbyresearchersatGoogle,hasatlastshownwhatallthefussisabout.Itappearstohaveperformed,injustoverthreeminutes,ataskthattheworld'smostpowerfulclassicalsupercomputerwouldtakearound10,000yearstocomplete.Google'smachineisaspecial-purposedevicethatwasdesignedtosolveacontrivedproblemwithfewpracticaluses.Butthisdisplayofso-called"quantumsupremacy"isnonethelessamilestone.Whatmightquantumcomputingactuallybeusedfor?Thatquestionisobscuredbythepilesofmoneyandhyperbolethatsurroundit.Alongwith5GandAI,itisoneofthetechnologiesthatpresidents,ofbothcountriesandcompanies,lovetocite.Thereisexcitedtalkofarace,andoftherichesandpowerthatawaitthefirsttoseizethe"HolyGrailofcomputing".Despitethebreathlessness,quantumcomputersarenotmagical.Arichbodyoftheoreticalworkprovesthattheywillbepotent,butlimited.Forallthetalkofsupremacy,quantumcomputersarenotsuperiorineveryregardtotheirclassicalcousins.Indeedformanytaskstheywillofferlittleimprovement.Yetforsomeproblems—butonlysome—cleverprogrammersormathematicianscancreatealgorithmsthatexploitthemachines'quantumcapabilities.Inthosespecialcases,quantumcomputersofferhugegains,crunchingtasksthatwouldotherwisetakeyearsormillenniadowntominutesorseconds.Severalofthesealgorithmshavebeendeveloped.Theyofferaglimpseofwherequantumcomputersmightexcel.Inencryption,forexample,aquantummachinecouldquicklyuntanglethecomplexmathsthatunderliesmuchofthescramblingthatprotectsinformationonline.Techfirmsandgovernmentsareinvestigatingnewfoundationsforencryptionthatarenotknowntobesusceptibletoquantumcomputers.Butdeployingthemwillbetheworkofdecades.However,Google'saccomplishmentstronglysuggeststhepromiseofquantumtechnologycanberealizedinpracticeaswellastheory.Anditwilldrawevenmoremoneyandattentiontoared-hotfield.Agreatdealofengineeringworkremainsbeforequantumcomputerscanbeusedforreal-worldtasks.Butthatdayhassuddenlygotcloser.查看材料31.【閱讀理解PartA】Bysaying"you'dbettermakeitquantummechanical"(Para.1),Feynmanmeansthat________A.quantumtechnologyhadalreadyunderhiscontrolatthattimeB.somemechanicsareneededtobuildaquantumcomputerC.thequantumtheorywasfirstproposedbyhimasatheoreticianD.conventionalcomputershaveadisadvantageinmodelingnature正確答案：D參考解析：RichardFeynmanintroducedtheideathat,byharnessingquantummechanics,itmightbepossibletobuildanewkindofcomputer,capableoftacklingproblemsthatwouldcauseanordinarymachinetochoke.Feynman說：自然并不是經典的，因此，如果你想要模擬它，就要使其量子化，然后他借用這句話提出了一個觀點，利用量子力學創造出一個新型的計算機，可以解決普通計算機難以解決的問題，所以故選項D“普通計算機模擬自然方面有劣勢”為答案。查看材料32.【閱讀理解PartA】TheauthorholdsthatGoogle'squantumsupremacy________A.hasdrawnskepticismfromsomeofitsrivalsB.representsalong-soughtstrideinthisfieldC.isagreatexaggerationinitsannouncementD.needsclosescrutinytoconfirmitsresult正確答案：B參考解析：Google'smachineisaspecial-purposedevicethatwasdesignedtosolveacontrivedproblemwithfewpracticaluses.Butthisdisplayofso-called"quantumsupremacy"isnonethelessamilestone.作者認為這種計算機是用來解決特設好的問題的，沒有什么實際作用，但是仍然是量子計算機發展的一個里程碑，作者對谷歌的成就是肯定的，故選項B“代表了這一領域長期探索的進展”為答案。查看材料33.【閱讀理解PartA】TheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thattheresearchinquantumcomputing_______A.hasnocleardirectionsforresearcherstotakeB.hasattractedintensecompetitionbetweennationsC.hasinducedlargeamountsofwastefulinvestmentD.isaholypursuittomakeconsiderableadvance正確答案：B參考解析：Alongwith5GandAI,itisoneofthetechnologiesthatpresidents,ofbothcountriesandcompanies,lovetocite.Thereisexcitedtalkofarace,andoftherichesandpowerthatawaitthefirsttoseizethe"HolyGrailofcomputing".

除了5G和人工智能，量子計算技術也是各個國家總統和各大公司總裁掛在嘴邊的詞語，各個國家對于量子技術關注度都很高，并相互競爭，故選項B“引起了各國之間的激烈競爭”為正確答案。

查看材料34.【閱讀理解PartA】ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5that,withpowerfulquantumcomputers_______.A.allexistingcyber-securitycodesaroundtheworldwillbebrokenB.layingfoundationsforuncrackableencryptionwillbeapriorityC.therivalryforunhackablecommunicationbetweencountrieswillceaseD.thestrategicpotentialofquantumtechnologyshouldberecognized正確答案：B參考解析：aquantummachinecouldquicklyuntanglethecomplexmathsthatunderliesmuchofthescramblingthatprotectsinformationonline.有了功能強大的量子計算機，如今大部分的網絡安全加密都可以破解，選項B“為難以破解的加密技術做準備將成為當務之急”與此相符，故為答案。查看材料35.【閱讀理解PartA】Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheAcclaimedApplicationofQuantumTechnologiesB.TheControversyOverQuantumSupremacyC.Google'sAchievementofQuantumTechnologiesD.Google'sQuantumComputerCompetitors正確答案：C參考解析：全文都在圍繞量子技術，從第一段點題，提出量子技術可以解決傳統計算機解決不了的問題，然后通過一系列的例子證明，Google'saccomplishmentstronglysuggeststhepromiseofquantumtechnologycanberealizedinpracticeaswellastheory.最后一段總結量子技術不僅能在理論上實現，也能在實踐中應用。故選項C“谷歌的量子技術成就”作為標題最為合適。背景材料材料題根據下面資料，回答36-40題MattHancock,thenewhealthandsocialcaresecretary,isrightthattechnologyhasgreatpotentialtoimprovethequalityofourhealthcare—andsavemoneyintothebargain.Butitwon'tbeapanacea,anditraisesanumberofissuesoursocietymustdealwithnow.AIposesclearethicalchallenges.Untilrecently,patientswouldgotoadoctor,explaintheirsymptomsandthedoctorwouldattempttoprovideadiagnosis.Butincreasingly,patientsnowarrivehavingdonetheirresearchonline,allsettosuggestonadiagnosis,towhichthemedichastorespond.Doctorstellthatthisgameofcatch-upandpartialrole-reversalisalreadyskewingtherelationshipoftrust.Inadditiontothis,wenowhavealgorithm-baseddiagnostics.Thismeansmedicalknowledgeisnolongerbasedonwhatthedoctorthemselveshasstudiedandlearned.Algorithmscansupportdecision-makingbymedicalprofessionals,andoftenoutperformthedoctor.Weareseeingthiswithcancerdetection,andotherfieldswherecloseobservationofthepatientdatacancreatemuchmorepreciseandpersonalisedmedicine,andprovideearlierdiagnosis.Theanalysisofanindividual'stouchstrokesontheirmobilephonecouldshowupParkinson'sbecausetheirtextingspeeddecreasesovertime.Aswestarttoseethesepossibilitiesasfantasticratherthanfantastical,wemustalsobeawareofunintendedconsequences.Whatimpactwoulddoctorsincreasinglycomingtorelyonalgorithmshaveonthebodyofmedicalknowledge?Andhowdowemitigatetheriskthatalgorithmsmaynotbesufficientlysensitivetoeverythinggoingoninapatient'slife?Forexample,apatientwithahighlevelofanxietyandstressmaysufferanimpactthatnomachineisabletocapture.Algorithmswillalsohavetobeassessedtoensuretheyarenotbiasedagainstcertaingroups,especiallyastheymakedecisionswhichmayhaveverylong-lastingconsequencesonindividuals.TherearelotsofchallengesaheadforAI.Thetrickiestisgettingtheethicsright.Machinesaremachinesandwemustnothumanisethem.Whenwebringthemin,itmustbetoenhanceourhumanity—andthiscanonlybedoneifbothpatientsanddoctorsareengagedtohelpshapethefutureofmedicine.查看材料36.【閱讀理解PartA】ItcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraphthatA.technologyisnotaremedyforalldifficulties.B.MattHancockisarenownedtechenthusiast.C.technologyraisesmanydifficultproblems.D.MattHancockholdstechnologyisall-powerful.正確答案：A參考解析：A事實細節題。根據定位詞定位到第一段。該段首句指出科技可以提高醫療質量、節約資金；第二句轉折指出科技會引發許多問題，因此科技并非萬能藥，A項符合文意，故A項正確。查看材料37.【閱讀理解PartA】TheobviousethicalchallengebroughtbyAIisA.complicatingtheworkofdoctors.B.reversingtheroleofdoctorandpatient.C.disbelievingwhatthedoctorhaslearned.D.distortingdoctor-patientrelationshipoftrust.正確答案：D參考解析：該段首句總述人工智能帶來了明顯的倫理挑戰。第二、三句通過就診方式的變化，說明科技導致醫患信任扭曲，即人工智能帶來的倫理挑戰是扭曲醫患之間的信任關系，D項符合文意，故D項正確。查看材料38.【閱讀理解PartA】Theanalysisofanindividual'stouchstrokesiscitedtopresentA.acontrastingcase.B.arelatedtopic.C.asupportingexample.D.abackgroundstory.正確答案：C參考解析：根據定位詞定位到第三段。該段首句指出，基于算法的診斷可能做得比醫生更出色。第二、三句舉例說明基于算法的診斷優勢所在。第三句指出，對一個人在手機上的觸屏打字進行分析，可以發現帕金森癥，因為帕金森患者發短信的速度會隨著時間的推移而降低。由此可知，這是對首句的一個正面例證，C項符合文意，故C項正確。查看材料39.【閱讀理解PartA】Theauthor'sattitudetowardalgorithmscanbesaidtobeA.cautious.B.tolerant.C.biased.D.supportive.正確答案：A參考解析：根據定位詞以及出題順序定位到第四段。首句指出，我們也必須意識到一些意外的后果；接著是兩個疑問句，提出對醫生過度依賴人工智能所產生的后果及人工智能無法了解患者生活中的一切而帶來風險的質疑，都表明了作者對算法的使用持謹慎態度，A項符合文意，故A項正確。查看材料40.【閱讀理解PartA】FacingmanychallengesbroughtbyAI,A.doctorsandpatientsshouldworktogether.B.ethicalissuesshouldbeaddressedfirst.C.machinesshouldbeendowedwithhumanity.D.doctorsshouldlearntoenrichthemselves.正確答案：A參考解析：根據定位詞定位到最后一段。首句指出，人工智能面臨著許多挑戰。最后一句指出，當我們將其帶人(醫療行業)時，其作用必須是增強我們人類的能力--只有當患者和醫生都參與進來(thiscanonlybedoneifbothpatientsanddoctorsaleengagedto)，幫助塑造醫學的未來，才能做到這一點。據此結合四個選項可知，A項符合文意，故A項正確。材料題根據以下材料，回答46-50題Aesthetics,asadiscipline,retainsabondwithitsoriginsintheeighteenthcentury,whenitwasnamedthe"scienceofsensoryknowledge".(46)Muchhascometosupplementthissensorybase-factorssuchasmeaning,memory,metaphor,symbol,andhistory—butitisimportanttoreaffirmthecentralplacethatsenseperceptionholdsinaestheticexperience,forthesensesareessentialandindeedcentraltothestudyofartandnaturalbeauty.Ofcourse,theearlyemphasisofaestheticsonbeautyhaschangedwiththeevolutionofthearts,andtodaythefieldembracesawiderangeofqualitiesandfeaturesofperceptualexperiencethatmaybetermed,insomefashion,"aesthetic".Theseincludetheugly,theabsurd,thecomicorplayful,aswellastheconventionallypleasing.Infacttheconceptofbeautymayitselfbeextendedtocoversuchasthese,insofarastheyenabl