高考總復習優化設計GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2024文體分類練(四)說明文和議論文Passage1Passage2Passage3(2023浙江諸暨三模)Wearingacavemanmask,Dr.Marzluffwalksacrossthecampattheuniversity.Crowscircleandscream.Theydiveathimandthensuddenlyflyaway.Beneaththemask,hesmiles.Daysbefore,heandhisstudentshad

1

cavemenmasks,caughtcrowsand

2

plasticbandsontotheirlegs.Thentheyreleasedthe

3

birds.

“Wealwaysknewcrows

4

us,butcouldweshowit?”saysDr.Marzluff,aprofessorknownaffectionatelyastheCrowman.

Passage1Passage2Passage3Whentheresearcherswalkedaroundcampuswithoutmasks,thecrowstheyhadcaughtandbandeddidn’t

5

tothem.Butwhenthe

6

humanswalkedbywhilewearingthemasks,thecrowsscoldedloudlyanddivedattheir“

7

”.Thebirdshadrememberedtheir

8

!

“Crowsareconstantly

9

us,”Dr.Marzluffsays.“Theylook,theythink,theyeyeballyou,

10

thesituation.”

Passage1Passage2Passage3Atfirst,onlythebandedbirdsreacted

11

tothepeopleinmasks.Butinlatertests,anincreasingnumberofcrowsbeganscoldingthem,evenwhenthebandedbirdswerenotaround.Thebirdshad

12

fromoneanother.Dr.Marzluffandhisteamfollowedbandedcrowsforayearand

13

thatadultsevenpassthisinformationtotheir

14

.

Dr.Marzluff’sexperimentsledhimtostudyhowcrows’

15

work.

Passage1Passage2Passage31.A.pickedout B.putonC.searchedfor D.takenoff2.A.dropped B.stepped

C.pressed

D.tied3.A.unhappy B.beautifulC.black D.rare4.A.hate B.attack

C.recognize

D.contact5.A.wave B.react

C.reply

D.turn6.A.friendly B.unkind

C.different

D.same7.A.enemies B.professorsC.owners D.followers8.A.clothes B.faces

C.organs

D.figures9.A.expecting B.admiringC.watching D.tolerating10.A.estimating B.changingC.restoring D.worseningPassage1Passage2Passage311.A.rigidly B.automaticallyC.abnormally D.threateningly12.A.resulted B.heardC.learned D.benefited13.A.promised B.identifiedC.denied D.clarified14.A.young B.neighborC.partners D.opponents15.A.wings B.noses

C.legs

D.brainsPassage1Passage2Passage3[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了Marzluff博士和他的團隊研究了烏鴉的大腦是如何工作的。他們將烏鴉的腿綁上塑料帶子,然后放了烏鴉,同時對捆綁的烏鴉進行跟蹤,發現烏鴉能認出他們的臉,同時發現成年烏鴉甚至會將這些信息傳遞給幼崽。1.B

解析

由上文“Wearing

a

caveman

mask”可知,此處指戴上面具。2.D

解析

由下文“the

crows

they

had

caught

and

banded”可知,在烏鴉的腿上綁上了塑料帶子。3.A

解析

由上文“caught

crows”可知,烏鴉被捕所以不開心。4.C

解析

由下文“the

crows

scolded

loudly”和實驗內容可知,研究人員戴上面具在烏鴉腿上綁上塑料帶子,然后將它們放了,之后戴上面具后,發現烏鴉攻擊他們,這說明烏鴉能認出他們。Passage1Passage2Passage35.B

解析

由下文“to

them”可知,此處指烏鴉沒有任何反應。react

to固定搭配,意為“對……作出反應”。6.D

解析

由下文“humans

walked

by

while

wearing

the

masks”和常識可知,為了保證實驗的可信性,應是同一批人戴著面具走過。7.A

解析

由上文“the

crows

scolded

loudly

and

dived

at

their”和上文提到的研究者捆綁烏鴉可知,烏鴉把他們當成敵人,在認出他們之后去攻擊他們。8.B

解析

由下文“They

look,they

think,they

eyeball

you”可知,烏鴉能記住敵人的臉。9.C

解析

由下文“They

look”可知,烏鴉一直在觀察他們。10.A

解析

由上文“They

look,they

think,they

eyeball

you”和下文“the

situation”可知,烏鴉觀察他們是為了估計形勢,去攻擊他們。Passage1Passage2Passage311.D

解析

由下文“But

in

later

tests,an

increasing

number

of

crows

began

scolding

them”可知,烏鴉攻擊他們,對他們產生有威脅性的行為。12.C

解析

由下文“pass

this

information”可知,烏鴉們從同伴那里得知一些信息。13.B

解析

由上文“Dr.Marzluff

and

his

team

followed

banded

crows

for

a

year”和下文“that

adults

even

pass

this

information

to

their”可知,Marzluff博士和他的團隊研究發現烏鴉甚至會將這些信息傳遞給幼崽。14.A

解析

由上文“adults

even

pass

this

information

to

their”可知,成年烏鴉甚至會將這些信息傳遞給幼崽。15.D

解析

由上文講到的烏鴉能認出它們的敵人可知,Marzluff博士的實驗讓他研究了烏鴉的大腦是如何工作的。Passage1Passage2Passage3Thisyear,hundredsofpeoplearoundtheworldareapplyingforadesiredjobtorunPortLockroy,theworld’smostremotepostoffice.The

1

isinAntarctica,andoneofthekey

2

istheabilitytocountpenguins.

Eachyear,theUKAntarcticHeritageTrust

3

fourpostmentoliveontheislandfromNovembertoMarch.Apartfrombeinganearly80-year-oldBritish-ownedpostoffice,it

4

asamuseum.Althoughemployeeseachhaveunique

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,theyarecooperativelyresponsibleforpreservingthe

6

placeandcaringforthethousandsoftourists.Thestaffisalso

7

environmentaldatacollectionandwildlifemonitoring.

Passage1Passage2Passage3Applicantsarewarnedthere’snotmuchtimeforrelaxationandrest.Still,thejobishighly

8

.TheUKAntarcticHeritageTrustgetshundredsofapplications

9

fortheposition.Theyaremainly

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toPortLockroy,bothforitshistoryanditsscientificsignificance.LucyDormansucceededinapplyingforthe2019—2020season.Itwasareal

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forher.“Eventhoughthejobcanbehardattimes,there’sarealsenseofcommunity.You’vegotto

12

,becauseyoucan’tgetawayfromeachotherveryeasily.Ireallylovethatsortof

13

,”shesaid.“Andwhatyoucanachievehereis

14

.Thetotalexperienceoffersbothadifferent

15

totheworldandanewviewpointonyourfunctionontheplanet.”

Passage1Passage2Passage31.A.centre B.position

C.aim

D.unit2.A.requirements B.characteristicsC.virtues D.activities3.A.persuades

B.instructsC.encourages D.hires4.A.exists B.operatesC.doubles

D.develops5.A.tastes B.talentsC.roles

D.backgrounds6.A.temporary

B.historicC.grand D.magical7.A.infavorof B.inneedofC.inpossessionof D.inchargeof8.A.paid B.sought-afterC.hard-won D.respectable9.A.annually B.weeklyC.monthly

D.daily10.A.invited B.devotedC.related

D.drawnPassage1Passage2Passage311.A.joy B.lesson

C.effort

D.shock12.A.getalong B.showoffC.breakthrough D.givein13.A.loneliness B.eagernessC.looseness D.togetherness14.A.consistent B.rewardingC.potential D.pure15.A.entrance

B.answerC.attitude D.introductionPassage1Passage2Passage3[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。位于南極洲的洛克雷港郵局的招聘吸引了很多人,在那里員工不僅要收集環境數據和監測野生動物,還要負責數企鵝。1.B

解析

根據上文中的“hundreds

of

people

around

the

world

are

applying

for

a

desired

job”可知,此處表示該職位在南極洲。

2.A

解析

本文講的是一個職位,再根據空后的“is

the

ability

to

count

penguins”可知,此處表示其中一個關鍵的要求是能夠數企鵝。3.D

解析

根據上文中的“applying

for

a

desired

job”和下文中的“employees”可知,此處表示聘用四名郵遞員。4.C

解析

前面提到洛克雷港是一個郵局,空后又提到“as

a

museum”,故此處表示該郵局兼作博物館。Passage1Passage2Passage35.C

解析

根據下文中的“they

are

cooperatively

responsible

for...tourists”可知,此處表示員工各司其職。6.B

解析

根據上文中的“a

nearly

80-year-old

British-owned”和空前的“preserving”可知,此處表示有歷史意義的地方。7.D

解析

根據空前的“also”可知,本空應與前面的responsible

for在含義上接近,故用in

charge

of“負責”。8.B

解析

前面提到這份工作沒多少放松和休息的時間,再結合Still可知,此處表示“但是,它仍然很搶手”。sought-after表示“吃香的,廣受歡迎的”,符合語境。Passage1Passage2Passage39.A

解析

根據上文中的“This

year,hundreds

of

people...desired

job”和下文中的“the

2019—2020

season”可知,此處表示英國南極遺產信托基金每年(annually)都會收到大量申請該職位的信。10.D

解析

他們大多是被洛克雷港的歷史和科研價值吸引的。draw“吸引”。11.A

解析

前面提到該職位很搶手,而Lucy

Dorman申請成功了,再結合下文中的“I

really

love”可知,此處表示對她來說,獲得這個職位很讓她開心。joy“令人高興的人(或事)”。12.A

解析

根據上文中的“there’s

a

real

sense

of

community”和下文中的“you

can’t

get

away

from

each

other

very

easily”可知,此處表示你得與人和睦相處(get

along)。Passage1Passage2Passage313.D

解析

根據上文中的“a

real

sense

of

community”和“you

can’t

get

away

from

each

other

very

easily”可知,此處表示Lucy

Dorman喜歡那種親密無間。14.B

解析

根據空前的“you

can

achieve

here”和下文中的“The

total

experience

offers...your

function

on

the

planet”可知,此處表示你在這里獲得的東西很有益。15.C

解析

這整個經歷會讓你產生對世界的不同看法(attitude)以及你在這個星球上的職責的新觀點。Passage1Passage2Passage3(2023山西部分重點中學聯考)Iwillturn46soon.ButIdecideto

1

candlesfrommycakethisyear.Ithink46candlesmight

2

thecreamorsetoffthesmokealarm.Amazingly,whenIlookedinthe

3

thismorningIdidn’tseeamiddle-agedmanlookingbackatme.Suretherewas

4

inthehairandwrinklesaroundtheeyes.Yet,whenI

5

hissmileandthelightinhiseyes,Ifeltasaliveand

6

asbefore.Isawtheyoungandlovingspiritlivinginsidethis

7

body.

Passage1Passage2Passage3Itissucha

8

thatwecangrowyoungerontheinsidewhilewegrowolderontheoutside.Someofthemostloving,

9

andenergeticpeopleIknowliveinsideancientbodiesthathave

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farbetterdays.Thesepeoplesmileoften,laughalot,andspendeverydayquiteoptimistically.They

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methatoldbodiesdon’talways

12

oldhearts.

Ihopewhenyourown

13

comesaround,yourheartwillfeelasyoungasever.Ihopeyouwillrememberthatyouarenot

14

onacalendarorcandlesonacake,butaforeveryoungspirit.Yourbodymayageanddie,butyourheartneverwill.Mayyou

15

allofyourdayswithlove,laughter,lightandjoy.

Passage1Passage2Passage31.A.protect B.separateC.remove D.withdraw2.A.beat B.combineC.decorate D.ruin3.A.window B.faceC.mirror D.sky4.A.grey B.detailC.energy D.black5.A.imagined B.noticedC.checked D.remembered6.A.dynamic B.successfulC.courageous D.friendly7.A.delicate B.healthyC.aging D.mature8.A.surprise B.confusionC.mistake D.fact9.A.influential B.cheerfulC.impressive D.admirable10.A.desired B.guaranteedC.requested D.witnessedPassage1Passage2Passage311.A.instruct B.remindC.inform D.promise12.A.gointo B.leaveoutC.makefor D.wakeup13.A.dream

B.birthdayC.ambition D.expectation14.A.pictures B.marksC.lines D.numbers15.A.fill B.creditC.connect D.investPassage1Passage2Passage3[語篇解讀]作者在46生日即將來臨之際感悟到我們應該人老心不老。1.C

解析

根據下文中的“I

think

46

candles...set

off

the

smoke

alarm.”可知,作者覺得46支蠟燭可能會毀壞蛋糕上的奶油或者觸發煙霧警報,因此他決定今年不在蛋糕上放蠟燭了。

2.D

解析

見上題解析。3.C

解析

根據下文中的“I

didn’t

see

a

middle-aged

man

looking

back

at

me”可知,此處指作者在照鏡子(mirror)。4.A

解析

根據上文中的“I

will

turn

46

soon”和下文中的“wrinkles

around

the

eyes”可知,此處指作者頭上有灰白的頭發,眼角有皺紋。Passage1Passage2Passage35.B

解析

根據上文中的“I

didn’t

see”及下文中的“saw”可知,但是,當作者看到(noticed)鏡子中的人的笑容和他眼里的光時,他覺得自己像以前一樣充滿生機與活力。6.A

解析

根據上文中的“smile

and

the

light

in

his

eyes”和

“alive

and”可知,空處所填詞應與

ali