閱讀理解保分練(六)詞句揣測(cè)題——代詞、句意揣測(cè)類(lèi)(A)[2024·貴陽(yáng)市高三測(cè)試]Manypeoplethinkthatyouneedtotravelgreatdistancesandgoonexpensivetripstocreatebeautifulphotos.Ifyouconsidermacrophotography,whichiscapturingtinydetails,anentirelynewworldmayopenforyourightinyourownbackyard.ThisiswhatIdecidedtodotochallengemyselfrecently!Ichosearelativelysmallareainmyneighborhoodtorevisitoveracoupleofdays,buttheonlyruleIgavemyselfwasnottophotographanythingabovetheknees.Usinga50mmmacrolens(微距鏡頭)onatraditionalDSLRcamera,Iwalkaroundlookingfordifferentopportunities.Ialsooftenusetwoextensiontubes，whichhelpmegeteverclosertomysubjectmatterandincreasethemagnification(放大率).Intheeveninglight,thehighcontrasthelpsyouseesmallthingslikejumpinggrasshoppersorotherinsectsflyingaround，butduringthedayitcanbemorechallenging.Tofindgoodsubjectmatter，Iliketocrawlaroundandlookattheworldfromalizardorsnake'spointofview.Itaddssignificantlymoredrama,improvestheimage.Italsohasthepowertotransformabeautifulsubjectintoabeautifulpieceofart.Ireallyalsopayattentiontothebackgroundelements,notjustthesubjectmatter,especiallywithwildflowers.Howinfocusthebackgroundis，orhowoutoffocusitis,canchangeanimage.Iliketoshootwithafullyblurred(模糊不清的)background,whichiscalledbokeh,thoughsometimesincreasingdepthoffieldandnothavingtotalblurrinesscanbebeneficialtothecomposition,too.Youalsodon'tneedaspecialcamerasetuptodothis.Usingasmartphone，youcaneasilyusetoolslikeportraitmode,tohelpblurthebackground.Someappsalsoallowforagreaterlevelofcontrolwithdepthoffieldandclose-upphotography.It'slessaboutthecamerayouuse,andmoreabouthowyouuseit!1．Whatmakesasplendidcomposition?A．Takinganexpensivetrip.B．Capturingthedetailsoflife.C．Shootinganythingabovetheknees.D．Lookingatabeautifulsubject.2．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．AtraditionalDSLRcamera.B．Thewaysofmacroshooting.C．Shootingdownatsubjects.D．Insectsflyingaround.3．Whatdoes“this”refertointhelastparagraph?A．Background.B．Portrait.C．Bokeh.D．Camera.4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．MyNeighborhoodB．TheBackyardC．CrouchingdownYourselfD．MacroPhotography(B)[2024·濟(jì)南市高三質(zhì)檢]Whenpeoplehear“ArtificialIntelligence(AI)”，manythinkofbigdata.ThereasonisthatsomeofthemostsignificantAIbreakthroughshavereliedonenormousdatasets.ButAIisnotonlyaboutlargedatasets,andresearchinsmalldataapproachesinthepastdecadehasgrownextensively,withTransferLearning(TL)(遷移學(xué)習(xí))asanespeciallypromisingexample,whichishelpfulinsettingswhereyouhavefewdataonthetaskofinterestbutsufficientdataonarelatedproblem.SmalldataapproacheslikeTLoffernumerousadvantagesovermoredata-intensivemethods.BytheuseofAIwithfewerdata,theycanfacilitateprogressinareaswherefewornodataexist,suchasinforecastingnaturaldisastersthatoccurrelativelyrarely.Moreimportantly,TLisofgreathelpintermsofgeneralization.AchallengeintheuseofAIisthatmodelsneedtogeneralizebeyondtheirtrainingdata—thatis,togivegood“answers”toamoregeneralsetof“questions”thanwhattheywerespecificallytrainedfor.TLmodelsworkbytransferringknowledgefromonetasktoanother,sotheyareveryhelpfulinimprovinggeneralizationinthenewtask,evenifonlylimiteddataareavailable.AIexpertssuchasAndrewNghavestatedthattheapproachwillbethenextdriverofgettingmachinelearningsuccessinindustry.Therearesomeearlysignsofsuccessfuladoptionandithasbeenappliedtocancerdiscoveryandmuchmore.Despitetheincreaseinresearch,TL__has__received__relatively__little__visibility.Whilemanymachinelearningexpertsanddatascientistsarefamiliarwithit,techniquessuchasTLdonotseemtohavereachedtheawarenessofthebroaderspaceofpolicymakersandbusinessleadersinpositionsofmakingimportantdecisionsaboutAIfundingandadoption.ByacknowledgingthesuccessofsmalldatatechniqueslikeTLandsupportingtheirwidespreaduse,wecanhelpovercomesomewidespreadmisconceptionsregardingtheroleofdatainAIandpromoteinnovationinnewdirections.5．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofTL?A．Itisapotentialtechnique.B．Itisofhelpinlargedatasets.C．ItisanimportantAIbreakthrough.D．Itisareliablesolutiontomultitasking.6．InwhichaspectdoesTLshowitsadvantages?A．Acquiringknowledge.B．Discoveringquestions.C．Collectingtrainingdata.D．Improvinggeneralization.7．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph4probablymean?A．TLhaslittlevalue.B．TLisaheatedtopic.C．TLdrawspublicattention.D．TLisnotwellrecognized.8．What'sthepurposeofthistext?A．Toclarifysomemisconceptions.B．Tointroduceasmalldataapproach.C．TopredictthepromisingfutureofAI.D．Toemphasizethesignificanceofdata.閱讀理解保分練（六）（A）語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型：記敘文主題語(yǔ)境：人與自然——拍攝美景——微距攝影【文章大意】為了拍攝漂亮的照片，作者選擇重新巡游家旁邊的區(qū)域，采納微距方式拍攝生活中的微小細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)。作者告知我們，要拍攝美景，不在于運(yùn)用什么相機(jī)，而在于如何運(yùn)用相機(jī)。1．答案與解析：B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。題干問(wèn)的是什么構(gòu)成漂亮的作品。依據(jù)第一段中的“Ifyouconsidermacrophotography,whichiscapturingtinydetails,anentirelynewworldmayopenforyourightinyourownbackyard.ThisiswhatIdecidedtodotochallengemyselfrecently！”可知，捕獲微小的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，一個(gè)全新的世界就在你面前打開(kāi)，這正是作者挑戰(zhàn)自己要做的事情。由此可知，捕獲生活中的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)可構(gòu)成一幅漂亮的作品。故B項(xiàng)正確。2．答案與解析：B推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段的描述可知，作者運(yùn)用50毫米的微距鏡頭找尋不同的拍攝機(jī)會(huì)，還運(yùn)用兩個(gè)伸縮管增大放大率，接近拍攝主題，下文分別介紹晚上拍攝和白天拍攝狀況。由此可推知，其次段主要講解并描述微距拍攝的方法。故B項(xiàng)正確。3．答案與解析：C代詞揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)第三段尾句可知，作者喜愛(ài)用完全模糊的背景來(lái)拍攝。由此可知，文中的“你沒(méi)有必要運(yùn)用特別的相機(jī)來(lái)做到這一點(diǎn)”就是指“用完全模糊的背景拍攝”，而這種做法又被稱(chēng)為bokeh，故此處的this就是指bokeh。故C項(xiàng)正確。4．答案與解析：D主旨大意題。第一段講解并描述為了拍攝漂亮的圖片，作者采納微距拍攝，捕獲生活中的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)；其次段講解并描述微距拍攝的方法；第三段講解并描述作者運(yùn)用微距拍攝的喜好；第四段講解并描述作者建議運(yùn)用一般相機(jī)也可拍到漂亮的圖片。由此可