大學英語

跨文化交際Chapter4

InterculturalCommunicationBarriers

黑龍江大學外語部Anidiom

Whatsetsusagainstoneanotherisnotouraims—theyallcometothesamething—butourmethods.—AntoinedeSaint-Exupery

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES

Inthischapter,studentswilllearnhowto:Understandsomebarrierscausedbyemotionalproblems.Comprehendsomebarrierscausedbyattitudinalproblems.Analyzevariousreasonsforthepersistenceofethnocentrism,stereotyping,prejudiceandracism.Perceiveanddealwithsomebarrierscausedby

translationproblems.ChapterOutlineAssumingSimilarityInsteadofDifferenceEthnocentrismVocabularyEquivalenceStereotypingInterculturalCommunicationBarriersTranslationProblemsAnxietyandUncertaintyEmotionalProblemsPrejudiceRacismReasonsfor

thePersistenceofEthnocentrism,Stereotyping,PrejudiceandRacismIdiomaticEquivalenceGrammatical-SyntacticalEquivalenceExperientialEquivalenceConceptualEquivalenceAttitudinalProblemsLead-inCase:

ChineseHospitality—OverdoneReadthecaseandconsiderthequestionsintherightcolumn.HowdoyoucommentonthebehaviorsofHongandJoerespectively?IfyouwereJoe,howwouldyourespondtosuchsituations?WhatsuggestionswouldyouliketogiveHongonhostingafriendfromanotherculture?TextA:EmotionalProblemsas

BarrierstoInterculturalCommunication▲Pre-readingTask:

Pleasediscussingroupswhethercommunicatingwithpeoplefromanothercultureisasimpleprocess.Andthentrytopresenttheactualunsuccessfulinterculturalcommunicationscenestothewholeclass.Letyourclassmatesanalyzetheexactreasonswhythecommunicationeventscannotbesmooth.1.AnxietyandUncertainty

Activity:QuestionnairefortheAssessmentofAnxietyandUncertaintyThepurposeofthisquestionnaireistohelpyouassesstheamountofanxietyanduncertaintyyougenerallyexperiencewhenyoucommunicatewithstrangers:(Note.Youcandeterminetheamountofanxietyanduncertaintyyouexperiencewhencommunicatingwiththe"strangers"ineachofthestatements.)Respondtoeachstatementbyindicatingthedegreetowhichtheadjectivesareapplicablewhenyouinteractwithstrangers.Ifyouneverhavetheexperience,answer1inthespaceprovided;ifyoualmostneverhavetheexperience,answer2;ifyousometimeshavetheexperienceandsometimesdonot,answer3;ifyoualmostalwayshavetheexperience,answer4;ifyoualwayshavetheexperience,answer5.

(1)IamnotconfidentwhenIcommunicatewithstrangers.

(2)Icaninterpretstrangers'behaviorwhenwecommunicate.

(3)IamindecisivewhenIcommunicatewithstrangers.

(4)Icanexplainstrangers'behaviorwhenwecommunicate.

(5)Iamnotabletounderstandstrangerswhenwecommunicate.

(6)IknowwhattodowhenIcommunicatewithstrangers.

(7)IamuncertainhowtobehavewhenIcommunicatewithstrangers.

(8)Icancomprehendstrangers'behaviorwhenwecommunicate.

(9)Iamnotabletopredictstrangers'behaviorwhenwecommunicate.

(10)Icandescribestrangers'behaviorwhenwecommunicate.Tofindyourscores,firstreversetheresponsesfortheeven-numbereditems(ifyouwrote1,makeit5;ifyouwrote2,makeit4;ifyouwrote3,leaveitas3;ifyouwrote4,makeit2;ifyouwrote5,makeit1).Next,addthenumbersnexttoeachoftheitems.Scoresrangefrom10to50.Thehigheryourscore,themoreanxietyanduncertaintyyouexperiencewheninteractingwithothers.[Source:AdaptedfromW.B.Gudykunst,BridgingDifferences,copyright@1994bySagePublications.ReprintedbypermissionofSagePublications.]2.AssumingSimilarity

InsteadofDifference

ADanishWomaninNewYorkWhatcanthefollowingtwopicturestellus?Wearemorealikethanunlike.AttitudinalProblemsasBarrierstoInterculturalCommunicationTextB▲Pre-readingTask:Formgroupsof4or5anddiscusswhetheryouhavecomeacrossanydiscriminatingdescriptionsofpeopleowingtotheirdifferentnational,ethnicorregionalorigins?

1.Ethnocentrism2.Stereotyping3.Prejudice4.RacismAttitudinalProblemsInclude:

1.EthnocentrismMostotherculturesarebackwardcomparedwithmyculture.Mycultureshouldbetherolemodelforothercultures.Otherculturesshouldtrytobemorelikemyculture.Mostpeoplefromotherculturesjustdon’tknowwhat’sgoodforthem.Ihavelittlerespectforthevaluesandcustomsofothercultures.Mostpeoplewouldbehappieriftheylivedlikepeopleinmyculture.Peopleinmyculturehavejustaboutthebestlifestylesofanywhere.Lifestylesinotherculturesarenotasvalidasthoseinmyculture.Idonotcooperatewithpeoplewhoaredifferent.Idonottrustpeoplewhoaredifferent.Idislikeinteractingwithpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Otherculturesaresmarttolookuptomyculture.Otherpeoplearemuchthesameasmypeople.Ourwayofdoingthingsistheonlyrightway.2.Stereotyping

StereotypingDefinitionDimensionsCategoriesDirectionIntensitySpecificityConsensusAccuracy

Whatopposingstereotypesdothesetwoimagesreferto?

3.PrejudiceActivity:ExpressingOpinionsWhatdoyouthinkofwomeninpower?4.RacismActivity:ReflectionHaveyoueveravoidedphysicalcontactwithpeoplefromotherraces?Ifyes,whydoyoudoso?Whatdoyouthinkof

thefollowingpictures?TextCTranslationProblemsasLanguageBarriers▲Pre-readingTask:PleasetranslatethefollowingitemsintoChineseorEnglishandthencompareyourtranslationstotheexactmeaningsconferredbytheoriginalexpressionsineitherChineseorEnglish.Thendiscusswhatproblemsyouhaveintranslatingthem.motel

luckydog

landlord

aswiseasanowl

嫦娥奔月

狗仗人勢

集體主義

四小龍

TranslationProblemsInclude:LackOfIdiomaticEquivalenceGrammatical-SyntacticalEquivalenceExperientialEquivalenceConceptualEquivalenceVocabularyEquivalenceActivity:PairworkDoyouoftenuseChineseculturalandsocialnormsandrulestoorganizewhatyousayinEnglish?Whatistheeffect?Listsomeexamples:ChineseVersionEnglishVersionExample1