附錄Driveaxlepowertrainattheendoftheirbasicfunctionistoincreasethetransmissioncamefromthedriveshaftortorque,andareasonabledistributionofpowertotheleftandrightwheel,inadditiontoactingontheroadandundertheframeorbodylegislationbetweenthevertical,longitudinalandlateralforce.Generalfromthemaindriveaxlereducer,differential,gearwheelsanddriveaxlehousingsandothercomponents.ThedesignoftheDriveaxle:Driveaxleshouldbedesignedtomeetthebasicrequirementsareasfollows:1.Selectthemainreductionratioshouldbeabletoensurethecarhasthebestpowerandfueleconomy.2.Smallersize,toensurethatthenecessarygroundclearance.3.Gearandotherpiecesoftheworkofasmoothtransmission,andsmallnoise.4.Inavarietyofspeedandloadwithahightransmissionefficiency.5.Inensuringadequatestrengthandstiffnessconditions,shouldstriveforthequalityofsmall,especiallyunderthemass-springshouldbeassmallaspossibleinordertoimprovevehicleridecomfort.6.Andsuspensionmovement-orientedcoordinationofsteeringdriveaxle,butalsowiththecoordinationofsteeringmovement.7.Thestructureofsimple,goodprocessing,manufacturing,easydisassembly,tofacilitateadjustment.DriveaxleclassificationAtnon-driveaxledisconnectdisconnect-style-typewithtwobroadcategories.1.Non-disconnect-typedriveaxleNon-disconnect-typedriveaxlealsoknownasintegrateddriveaxle,theaxlecasingandthemainshaftreducerwithshellshellandconnectedtoarigidbeam,whichonbothsidesoftheaxleandwheelrelatedtoswingthroughtheflexibleconnectedwiththeframecomponents.Itconsistsofdriveaxlehousing1,themainreducer,differentialandaxlecomponents.2.disconnect-typedriveaxle.Drivetheuseofindependentsuspensionbridge,thatisthemainreducershellfixedonthevehiclechassis,onbothsidesoftheaxleandwheelinthehorizontalplaneasopposedtorelativemovementofthebodyisreferredtoasdriveoffthebridge.Inordertomatchwithindependentsuspension,themainreducershellfixedattheframe(orbody),thedriveaxlehousingsubconnectedthroughthehinge,orinadditiontothemainreducershelloutsidetheshellisnolongerdriventootherpartsofthebridge.Wheelinordertomeettheneedsofindependentjumpupanddown,betweenthedifferentialandthewheelaxleoftheaboveconnectionbetweentheuseofuniversaljoints.DriveaxlecomponentsDrivenmainlybythemainbridgereducer,differential,axleanddriveaxlehousingsandothercomponents.1.MainreducerassemblyUsedtochangethemaindrivereducergeneraldirection,toreducespeedandincreasetorque,andensurethereissufficientcardriversandtheappropriatespeedskin.Moretypesofthemainreducer,asingle-stage,dual-class,two-speed,suchasWheelSpeedReducer.1)single-stagemainreducerReductiongearbyaslowdownintherealizationofthedevices,calledsingle-stagereducer.Itsstructureissimple,lightweight,suchasDongfengBQl090typelightandmedium-sizedtrucksonawiderangeofapplications.2)two-stagemainreducerLargernumberofheavy-dutytrucks,requirealargerreductionratio,themainuseofasingle-stagereducerdrive,movingfromgeartobelargerindiameterwillaffectthedriveaxleofthegroundclearance,sotheuseoftwoslowdown.Oftenreferredtoastwo-stagereducer.Therearetwosetsoftwo-stagereductiongearreducer,speedtherealizationofthetwobytwisting.Inordertoenhancethemeshinggearpairtaperandstrengthofasmooth,slowdownthefirst-classpairofspiralbevelgearis.Gears2isinclinedgearteethduetoprop.Taketheinitiativetorotatebevelgear,geardrivenrotarydrivenroundsilver,thuscompletingaslowdown.Activesecondstagecylindricalgearreducerandthedrivenbevelgearcoaxialwiththerotation,anddrivegeardrivenrotatingcylinder,atheonshellcylindricaltheonmountedgeardriventhetoDuespeed.second-classdifferential,sothatwhenthedrivengearrotatingcylinder,throughthedifferentialanddriveaxlethatis,therotationofthewheels.2.DifferentialDifferentialisdesignedtoconnecttheaxlearound,onbothsidesofthewheelscanrotateatdifferentangulartorquetransferatthesametime.Toensurethenormalscrollwheel.Somemulti-bridge-drivencars,inthesub-actuatortypeorinthetransmissionthroughtheshaftisalsoequippedwithadifferential,knownasthebridgebetweenthedifferential.Itsroleistoturninthecaroronunevenroadsurface,sothatdrivewheelsbeforeandafterthedifferentialbetweentherole.Atpresent,China-madecarsandothertypesofvehiclesinthebasicuseofsymmetricordinarydifferentialbevelgear.Symmetricbytheplanetarybevelgeardifferentialgear,axlegears,planetarygearaxis(cross-axisoradirect-axis)andthedifferentialcompositionoftheshellandsoon.Atpresentthemajorityofplanetarygear-typemotorvehiclesusingdifferentialandordinarydifferentialbevelgearconebytwoorfourplanetgears,planetarygearshaft,thetwoconeaxledifferentialgear,andaboutthecompositionoftheshellandsoon.3.Autosemi-axleAxleisthedifferentialtorqueandthencametothewheels,drivewheelsspin,promotethesolidaxlecar.Asaresultoftheinstallationofwheelstructure,andtheforcesoftheaxlearealsodifferent.Therefore,dividedintofull-floatingaxle,semi-floating,3/4,threetypesoffloating.1)full-floatingaxleGenerallylargeandmedium-sizedusedcarfloatingthewholestructure.Axlewiththeinnerendofthesplineaxlewiththedifferentialgearconnectedtotheouterendoftheaxleforgingaflangewithboltsandwheelhubtoconnect.Wheelawayfromthemoredistantoftwotaperedrollerbearingsforthetextontheaxlecasing.Rearaxleshellcasingpressureandonepairtoformthedriveaxlehousing.Supportingtheuseofsuchforms,axleandaxlehousingnodirectlinksothatonlybearthedriveaxletorquewithoutbearinganymoment,theaxlereferredtoasull-floatingaxle.Theso-calledloating,meaningnotsubjecttobendingloadaxle.Full-floatingaxle,theouterendflangeplateforonemadewiththeaxis.Buttherearealsoanumberoftruckstomakeaseparateflangeparts,andbynestedsplineouterendintheaxle.Thus,atbothendsoftheaxlespline,youcanuseforthefirst.2)semi-floatingaxleSemi-floatingaxlewiththeinnerendofthesamefloating,notsubjecttobendingandtorsion.Awayfromdirectclientsupportthroughabearingintheaxleoftheinnershell.Thisapproachwillsupporttheouterendaxlebearingmoment.Therefore,thisshort-sleeveinadditiontotransfertorque,butalsotosustainthelocalmoment,itisknownasthesemi-floatingaxle.Thisstructureismainlyusedinsmallpassengercars.LicenseHongqiCA7560iconforthetypeofdriveaxlelimousine.Axlefromtheinnerendofitsmoment,outclienthastobearallthemoment,socalledsemi-floatingbearing.3)3/4floatingaxle3/4floatingaxleisaffectedbythedegreeofbendingbetweentheshortsemi-floatingandfullfloatingbetween.AtpresenttheapplicationofthistypehalfshaftfewpickuptruckonlyonindividualapplicationssuchasWarsaw,M20vehicles.4.Automobileaxlehousing:1)theoverallshell-stylebridgeBridgeshellduetotheoverallstrengthandstiffnessperformance,easeofmainreducerinstallation,adjustmentandmaintenance,andarewidelyused.Integralaxlehousingduetodifferentmanufacturingmethodscanbedividedintotheoverallfoundrytype,pressedintothemiddleofcastingsteelpipeandweldedsteelplate,suchasstamping.2)sub-typedriveaxlehousingSub-typeaxlehousingwillgenerallybedividedintotwosections,fromtwosectionsofaconnectingbolt.Sub-typeaxlehousingcastingandprocessingeasier.驅(qū)動橋處于動力傳動系的末端，其基本功能是增大由傳動軸或變速器傳來的轉(zhuǎn)矩，并將動力合理的分配給左、右驅(qū)動輪，另外還承受作用于路面和車架或車身之間的垂直立、縱向力和橫向力。驅(qū)動橋一般由主減速器、差速器、車輪傳動裝置和驅(qū)動橋殼等組成。驅(qū)動橋的設(shè)計：驅(qū)動橋設(shè)計應(yīng)當滿足如下基本要求：1.選擇的主減速比應(yīng)能保證汽車具有最佳的動力性和燃料經(jīng)濟性。2.外形尺寸要小，保證有必要的離地間隙。3.齒輪及其他傳動件工作平穩(wěn)，噪聲小。4.在各種轉(zhuǎn)速和載荷下具有高的傳動效率。5.在保證足夠的強度、剛度條件下，應(yīng)力求質(zhì)量小，尤其是簧下質(zhì)量應(yīng)盡量小，以改善汽車平順性。6.與懸架導(dǎo)向機構(gòu)運動協(xié)調(diào)，對于轉(zhuǎn)向驅(qū)動橋，還應(yīng)與轉(zhuǎn)向機構(gòu)運動相協(xié)調(diào)。7.結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，加工工藝性好，制造容易，拆裝、調(diào)整方便。驅(qū)動橋的分類驅(qū)動橋分非斷開式與斷開式兩大類。1．非斷開式驅(qū)動橋非斷開式驅(qū)動橋也稱為整體式驅(qū)動橋，其半軸套管與主減速器殼均與軸殼剛性地相連一個整體梁，因而兩側(cè)的半軸和驅(qū)動輪相關(guān)地擺動，通過彈性元件與車架相連。它由驅(qū)動橋殼1，主減速器，差速器和半軸組成。2．斷開式驅(qū)動橋驅(qū)動橋采用獨立懸架，即主減速器殼固定在車架上，兩側(cè)的半軸和驅(qū)動輪能在橫向平面相對于車體有相對運動的則稱為斷開式驅(qū)動橋。為了與獨立懸架相配合，將主減速器殼固定在車架（或車身）上，驅(qū)動橋殼分段并通過鉸鏈連接，或除主減速器殼外不再有驅(qū)動橋殼的其它部分。為了適應(yīng)驅(qū)動輪獨立上下跳動的需要，差速器與車輪之間的半軸各段之間用萬向節(jié)連接。．驅(qū)動橋的組成驅(qū)動橋主要由主減速器、差速器、半軸和驅(qū)動橋殼等組成。1．主減速器主減速器一般用來改變傳動方向，降低轉(zhuǎn)速，增大扭矩，保證汽車有足夠的驅(qū)動力和適當?shù)乃倨?。主減速器類型較多，有單級、雙級、雙速、輪邊減速器等。1）單級主減速器由一對減速齒輪實現(xiàn)減速的裝置，稱為單級減速器。其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，重量輕，東風(fēng)BQl090型等輕、中型載重汽車上應(yīng)用廣泛。2）雙級主減速器對一些載重較大的載重汽車，要求較大的減速比，用單級主減速器傳動，則從動齒輪的直徑就必須增大，會影響驅(qū)動橋的離地間隙，所以采用兩次減速。通常稱為雙級減速器。雙級減速器有兩組減速齒輪，實現(xiàn)兩次減速增扭。為提高錐形齒輪副的嚙合平穩(wěn)性和強度，第一級減速齒輪副是螺旋錐齒輪。二級齒輪副是斜齒圓柱齒輪。主動圓錐齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn)，帶動從動圓銀齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn)，從而完成一級減速。第二級減速的主動圓柱齒輪與從動圓錐齒輪同軸而一起旋轉(zhuǎn)，并帶動從動圓柱齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn)，進行第二級減速。因從動圓柱齒輪安裝于差速器外殼上，所以，當從動圓柱齒輪轉(zhuǎn)動時，通過差速器和半軸即驅(qū)動車輪轉(zhuǎn)動。