世紀英語高職高專公共英語類課程CENTURYENGLISH閱讀教程Ⅰ全套可編輯PPT課件Unit1CollegeLife全套可編輯PPT課件SectionAReadingSkills自上而下的閱讀模式是一種重要的英語閱讀技巧，在近年來的英語等級考試中也出現了對這種技巧的考查，因此掌握自上而下的閱讀技巧對提高英語閱讀理解能力十分重要。這種閱讀技巧要求學生從閱讀文章的標題開始，首先對文章題目進行閱讀解析，揣測文章作者寫作的背景，促使學生通過猜測文章題目來了解文章的大體含義，加強學生對閱讀文章的理解，從而提高學生的閱讀能力。自上而下的閱讀模式注重從整篇文章的背景意義開始，強調閱讀時讀者的積極參與。閱讀前，讀者使用從視覺方面獲取的語言信息來形成臨時假設的文字資料。閱讀中，讀者便使用已有經驗及語言知識來驗證臨時的假設。最后，通過詳盡的內容對所做的假設進一步修正。這種閱讀模式強調背景知識的作用，閱讀過程不是逐字獲取信息，而是通過猜測，過濾和驗證他們已經獲取的知識，并對他們的閱讀前的猜想進行修訂，實現對文章準確的理解。SectionAReadingSkills自上而下的閱讀模式可以從以下幾點進行把握：

1.閱讀前激活背景知識，使用基本常識和語言知識對閱讀主題進行推測；

2.閱讀中抓住文章要領，理解主題意義，培養整體閱讀法；

3.從文章整體著手，培養閱讀總結能力；

4.找出文章主旨句，抓住文章線索，理解文章大意，驗證推測。SectionAReadingSkillsChinaExpects‘Sustainable’EconomicDevelopment

“Chinahastheconfidence,conditionsandcapabilitiestoachievesteady,healthyandsustainableeconomicdevelopmentthisyear”,GuoWeimin,spokesmanforthefifthsessionofthe13thNationalCommitteeoftheChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConference,saidduringanewsbriefingonThursday.

“FacingthecomplexandvolatileinternationalenvironmentandmultiplechallengesfromtheCOVID-19pandemic,China’seconomyhasmaintainedsteadyrecoveryin2021,suggestingeconomicfundamentalsremainstronginthelongterm”,saidGuo.SectionAReadingSkillsReadthefollowingpassage.

Healsowarnedtheexternalenvironmenthadbecomemorecomplexanduncertain,sayingChina’seconomyisfacingseverechallengesthisyear.

Citingcommentsfrommembersofthe13thNationalCommitteeoftheChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConference,Guosaidmoreeffortsshouldbemadetomaintainsteadyandhealthyeconomicgrowththisyear,includingpromotingtechnologicalinnovationandindustrialtransformation,expandingdomesticdemand,strengtheningtheindustrialchain,speedingupself-relianceandself-improvementinscienceandtechnologyandstabilizingmarketexpectations.SectionAReadingSkills閱讀這篇文章時，首先閱讀文章的標題，激活讀者的背景知識。“EconomicDevelopment”是文章標題的核心詞，從讀者已有的背景知識可以推測這是一篇正面、積極的文章，主要涉及經濟上取得的進步。閱讀時，“confidence”“steady,healthyandsustainable”“stronginthelongterm”“technologicalinnovation”“industrialtransformation”“expanding”“strengthening”“speedingup”“self-improvement”“stabilizing”等詞匯驗證了標題中的“EconomicDevelopment”。文章標題中的‘Sustainable’用了單引號，說明這里的“穩定”并非實際意義上的“平穩”和“安定”。文章中的“complexandvolatile”“multiplechallenges”“becomemorecomplexanduncertain”和“severechallenges”驗證了標題的“穩定”中存在一定的不確定性和復雜性。其次，在閱讀中培養整體閱讀技巧。文章第二段和第三段指出了經濟發展中的不利因素，但是末段中通過“moreefforts”論證了標題中專家期待的結果。最后，通過自上而下的閱讀模式，通過主題句理清了文章脈絡，驗證了閱讀前的推測。SectionAReadingSkillsSectionBReadingPracticecampaign

Task1Readthefollowingpassageaboutthe“wakeup”associationandanswerquestions1-10.VocabularySectionBReadingPracticen.1.aplannedsetofactivities活動，運動2.aseriesofplannedmovementscarriedoutbyarmedforces一系列軍事活動，戰役活動vouchern.1.aprintedpieceofpaperthatcanbeusedinsteadofmoneytopayforsth,orthatallowsyoutopaylessthantheusualpriceofsth代金券，票券2.apieceofsupportingevidence憑證,憑單motivateSectionBReadingPracticev.togiveanincentiveforaction激勵，促進lanternn.alightinatransparentprotectivecase燈籠launchv.1.tostartanactivity,especiallyanorganizedone開始從事，發起，發動（尤指有組織的活動）2.tomakeaproductavailabletothepublicforthefirsttime（首次）上市，發行Paragraph1

A“wakeup”associationsetupbystudentsatXi’anUniversityofArchitectureandTechnologytoencourageeachothertogetupearlyhasrecentlytakenoffinabigwayoncampus.Paragraph2

Tomotivatestudentstogetupearly,theassociationhaslaunchedacampaigncalled“earlybirdsgetbreakfast”andofferedatelephonecallserviceformembers,withupto1,000wake-upcallseachweek.Theassociationmemberswillmakethreebreakfastvouchersbyhandeveryday.Thevouchersareloadedwithsmalllanternsandhunginthetree.Thosewhocanfindthelanternsinthemorningcangetafreebreakfastintheschool’scanteens.SectionBReadingPracticeThe“wakeup”associationbecomespopularoncampus,making1,000wake-upcallseveryweek.SectionBReadingPracticeParagraph3

Foundedin2018,theassociationwasoriginallycreatedtohelpstudentsregaincontrolovertheirlives,whichhadagreatsignificanceontheirstudyanddailylives.Paragraph4

Theassociationhasbeenwarmlywelcomedbystudents.Sinceitsestablishment,itsmembershiphasgrownfrom50tomorethan700.Thereisnodoubtthatthenumberofstudentswillcontinueincreasing.Paragraph5

ManystudentsatXi’anUniversityofArchitectureandTechnologysaythe“wakeup”associationisverypractical,especiallynowthattheweatherisgettingcoldandpeoplehavebegunstrugglingtogetoutofbed.Somelookforwardtobeinggreetedbytheassociation’swake-upcalls.Questions1-5Readthepassageandchoosethebestheadingforeachparagraphfromthelistinthebox.ThereisoneheadingyoudoNOTneed.1.Paragraph1_________2.Paragraph2_________3.Paragraph3_________4.Paragraph4_________5.Paragraph5_________A.StimulatingItemsB.AssociationOriginatorC.AssociationPopularityD.InitialTargetE.CampusLifeF.StrongPracticalityBADCFSectionBReadingPracticeThe“wakeup”associationhasrecently______________inabigwayoncampus.Ifyoufindthelanternsinthemorning,youcanobtaina______________intheschool’scanteens.Theoriginalaimoftheassociationwastohelpstudentstoregaincontrolovertheir________________lives.Thepersonswhojoinintheassociationhaveincreasedfrom50tomorethan______________.Alargenumberofstudentsexpecttoreceivethe______________fromtheassociation’swake-upcalls.Questions6-10CompletethesentenceswiththeEXACTwords,phrasesornumbersfromthepassage.YoumustuseNOMORETHANTHREEwordsforeachblank.6.takenoffSectionBReadingPractice7.8.9.10.freebreakfaststudyanddaily700greetingsmonitor

Task2Readthefollowingtwotextsabouthighschoollifeandcollegelifeandanswerquestions11-20.VocabularySectionBReadingPracticev.towatchandchecksthoveraperiodoftimeinordertoseehowitdevelops,sothatyoucanmakeanynecessarychanges監視；檢查；跟蹤調查n.1.atelevisionscreenusedtoshowparticularkindsofinformation;ascreenthatshowsinformationfromacomputer顯示屏；監視器；（計算機）顯示器2.astudentinaschoolwhoperformsspecialduties,suchashelpingtheteacher班長；班代表expenseSectionBReadingPracticen.1.themoneythatyouspendonsth費用，價錢2.sththatmakesyouspendmoney花錢的東西；開銷v.tochargeacostagainststh向……收取費用summarizev.togiveasummaryofsth總結；概括；概述utilizev.tousesth,especiallyforapracticalpurpose使用；利用；運用；應用substantialadj.1.largeinamount,valueorimportance大量的；價值巨大的；重大的2.largeandsolid;stronglybuilt大而堅固的；結實的；牢固的n.anythinghavingsubstance;anessentialpart本質；重要材料

Teacherspresentthematerialtohelpyouunderstandthematerialinthetextbook,oftenwritinginformationonthechalkboardtobecopiedinyournotes.Yourtimeisusuallystructuredbyothers:administrators,teachers,coachesandofcourse,parents.Teacherscarefullymonitorclassattendance.Youwillusuallybetoldwhatyouneedtolearnfromassignedreadingsandteacherswillremindyouofassignmentsandduedates.Theywillcheckyourcompletedhomework.Inmostcases,almostallofyourlivingexpensesarepaidfor.Yourtextbooksarelikelyprovidedatlittleornoexpenseandyouarenotrequiredtoownacomputer.Youneedmoneyforspecialevents,activitiesortrips.SectionBReadingPractice

Professorsmaylecturenon-stop,giveyouillustrations,providebackgroundinformation,ordiscussresearchaboutthetopicyouarestudying.Youwillbeexpectedtobeuptodateonallassignedreadingsandbeabletosummarizethem,sogoodnotesarecritical.Youmanageyourowntime.It’suptoyoutogettoclass,doyourlabworkandstudy.Professorsmaynotformallytaketheroll,buttheyarestilllikelytoknowwhetherornotyouattend,especiallyatsmallercollegeswheretheywillgettoknowyou.Professorsexpectyoutoutilizethecoursesyllabus(outline),whichspellsoutexactlywhatisexpectedofyou,whenitisdueandhowyouwillbegraded.It’suptoyoutoreadandunderstandtheassignedmaterial;lecturesandassignmentsarebasedontheassumptionthatyou’vealreadydoneso.Professorsmaynotalwayscheckyourcompletedhomework,buttheywillassumeyoucanperformthesametasksontests.Ifyouliveoncampus,youwillneedtopayforhousinganddininginadvanceofeachsemester.Youwillneedtobudgetsubstantialfundsfortextbooks,whichwilllikelycostatleast$200eachsemester.SectionBReadingPracticeQuestions11-15CompletethetablewiththeEXACTwords,phrasesornumbersfromthetexts.YoumustuseNOMORETHANTHREEwordsforeachblank.DifferencesHighSchoolLifeCollegeLifeTeachingStyleTeachersoftenhelpyouunderstandthematerialinthetextbook,andwriteinformationonthe(11)______________.Professorsmaylecturenon-stop,giveyouillustrations,(12)___________________________,ordiscussresearchaboutthetopicyouarestudying.TimeManagementYourtimeisusuallystructuredbyothers:administrators,teachers,coachesandofcourse,parents.Youmanageyourowntime.It’syourdecisionto(13)__________________,doyourlabworkandstudy.HomeworkYourteachersusuallytellyouwhatyouneedtolearnandtheywillremindyouofassignmentsand(14)_______________.Yourcoursesyllabusalreadytellsyouwhenitisdueandhowyouwillbegraded.Professorsexpectyoucan(15)________________thesametasksonfinals.chalkboardSectionBReadingPracticeprovidebackgroundinformationgettoclassduedatesperformQuestions16-20ChoosethefivestatementsfromA-GintheboxthatareTRUEaccordingtothetextsabove.SectionBReadingPractice16._______17._______18._______19._______20._______Teachersoftenhelpyouunderstandthematerialinthetextbookinhighschool.Collegeprofessorsalwayswriteinformationonthechalkboardtobecopiedinyournotes.Yourinstructors,tutors,trainersandparentsalwaysmanageyourtimeinhighschool.Youcandecidetogettoclassornotincollege,butyourprofessorsarestilllikelytoknowwhetheryouattendtheclassornot,especiallyatsmallercolleges.Highschoolteachersalwaysremindyouofyourassignmentsandduedates,andtheyalwaysmonitoryourhomework.Youdon’thavetosavemoneyforyourtextbooksandotherlivingexpensesinhighschool.Textbookswilllikelycostnomorethan$200eachsemesteratcollege.ACDEFA.B.C.D.E.F.G.sentiment

Task3Readthefollowingpassage.FinishthestatementsonthepassagebychoosingA,B,CorD.VocabularySectionBReadingPracticen.afeelingoranopinion,especiallyonebasedonemotions（基于情感的）觀點，看法；情緒enmasseadv.alltogether,andusuallyinlargenumbers一起；全體advocaten.apersonwhosupportsorspeaksinfavourofsborofapublicplanoraction擁護者；支持者；提倡者v.tosupportsthpublicly擁護；支持；提倡pandemicn.adiseasethatspreadsoverawholecountryorthewholeworld（全國或全球性）流行??；大流行病

Amongcollege-boundhighschoolseniors,fewerthanaquartersaidinDecemberthattheywouldliketotakeevensomeoftheircollegecoursesonline,Eduventuresreported;bytheendofMarch,aftersomehadexperiencedvirtualinstruction,fewerthanoneintenpolledbysaidtheywouldconsideronlinecollegeclasses.

Sentimentslikethesesuggestthere’slittlelikelihoodthatstudentswilldeserttheirreal-worldcampusesforcyberspaceenmasse.Infact,ifthere’sasilverlininginthissituationforresidentialcollegesanduniversities,it’sthatstudentsnolongertakeforgrantedtheeverydayrealitiesofcampuslife:low-techface-to-faceclasses,culturaldiversions,libraries,athletics,extracurricularactivities,in-personofficehoursandsocialinteractionwiththeirclassmates.

“Thebeautyofaresidentialeducationhasneverbeenmoreapparenttopeople,”saidMichaelRoth,thepresidentofWesleyanUniversity.

Butadvocatesfortrueonlineinstructionsaythatstudents’experienceoftakingcoursesontheirownschedulesovermobileplatformsmaycomebacktothemlater,whenthey’rereadytomoveontograduateorprofessionaleducations.SectionBReadingPractice

Onlinehighereducation“isathindietforthetypical18-year-olds”,saidRichardGarrett,thechiefresearchofficeratEduventures.“Buttoday’s18-year-oldsaretomorrow’s28-year-oldswithfamiliesandjobs,whothenrealizethatonlineeducationcanbeuseful.”

Already,morethanhalfofAmericanadultswhoexpecttoneedmoreeducationortrainingafterthispandemicsaytheywoulddoitonline,accordingtoasurveyof1,000peoplebytheStradaEducationNetwork,whichadvocatesconnectionsbetweeneducationandwork.

Itisn’tentirelystudentswhowillmovethisneedle,observerssay.It’salsofaculty.

Eventhosewhohadlongavoidedgoingonlinehavehadtodoitthissemester,insomeformorother.Andtheymayhavethemosttolearnfromtheexperience,saidMichaelMoe,thechiefexecutiveofGSVAssetManagementwhichfocusesoneducationtechnology.

Alongwiththeirstudents,facultywere“thrownintothedeependofthepoolfordigitallearningandaskedtoswim,”Mr.Moesaid.“Somewillsink,somewillcrawltotheedgeofthepoolandclimboutandthey’llnevergobackinthepooleveragain.Butmanywillfigureoutwhattodoandhowtokickandhowtostayafloat”,headded.SectionBReadingPractice21.SectionBReadingPracticeAccordingtoEduventures,theproportionofhighschoolstudentswhoprobablychooseonlinecollegecourseswouldbe__________.A.lessthan33percentB.morethan25percentC.lessthan10percentD.morethan10percent22.Actuallywhat’sgoodforresidentialcollegesanduniversitiesisthat__________.A.studentswouldhaveadifferentattitudetowardscampuslifeB.studentswoulddisliketheeverydaylifeoncampusC.studentswouldgetusedtotheroutineofcampuslifeD.studentswouldchangethewaysoflifeoncampus23.SectionBReadingPracticeThereasonwhysomepeoplesupportonlineeducationisthat__________.A.theybelieveinthevalueofonlineinstructionforthemselvesB.theyhaverealizedtheadvantageofonlinecoursesforcollegestudentsC.theywanttomakeuseofonlineeducationfortheirownpurposeD.theyknowthevalueofonlineeducationforfurtherstudy24.Accordingtoasurveyof1,000peoplebytheStradaEducationNetwork,people’sattitudetowardsonlinecoursesis__________.A.pessimisticB.optimisticC.indifferentD.neutral25.Thepassageindicatesthatthefutureofonlineeducationwould__________.A.makemorepeoplelearnhowtotakeadvantageofitB.letmorepeopleobtaintheabilityofswimmingC.givepeoplemorechoicesoflivingD.askmorepeopletomakeuptheirownmindabsent

Task4Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithfivestatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphonlyonce.VocabularySectionBReadingPracticeadj.notinaspecifiedplacephysicallyormentally缺席的；缺少的v.togoawayorleave使缺席significantadj.1.largeorimportantenoughtohaveaneffectortobenoticed有重大意義的，顯著的2.havingaspecialorsecretmeaningthatisnotunderstoodbyeveryone意味深長的utilizeSectionBReadingPracticev.tousesth,especiallyforapracticalpurpose利用，使用，運用prioritizev.1.todecidewhatarethemostimportantthingsanddothemfirst按重要性排列，劃分優先順序2.totreatsthasmoreimportantthanotherthings優先處理,優先考慮distractv.totakesb’sattentionawayfromwhattheyaretryingtodo轉移（注意力）；使分心Howtogetgoodgradesincollege?

A)Areyouworriedaboutyourgradesandacademicassignments?Areyouunabletodowellinyouruniversityassignments,collegeessays,reports,theses,etc.?Well,wearepleasedtoinformyouthatwecanfreeyoufromalltheworries.Inaddition,studentsalsoneedtounderstandtheotherwaysthroughwhichtheycangetgoodgradesintheircolleges.Forthis,wehavementionedafewtipsandtechniquesyoucouldusethroughoutyourstudentlife.

B)Firstly,youshouldtryyourabsolutebesttocometoallyourlecturesandlistentothemattentively.Beingabsentfromyourclassesbecomesquitenecessarysometimesduetosomework,commitments,oremergency.However,therearealotofbenefitstoattendingallyourlectures.Youwillgetaheadofotherstudents,youcangiveyouropinionwhenadiscussionisgoingonintheclass,youcanalsoclearyourconceptsthroughquestionsandyoucanshowyourpresencebybeingactiveintheclass.SectionBReadingPractice

C)Ifyouaskquestionsfromtheinstructors,againandagain,youaremorelikelytounderstandandremembertheconcept,aswellasyourpresence,isensuredintheclass.Theinstructorsalsoseeyoureagernessoflearning.Ifyoumakeityourhabittoaskquestions,itwillalsohavetheadditionaladvantageofencouragingyoutolistenwelltotheopinionsandthoughtsofyourclassmates.Thiswillhelpyouinrememberingandprocessingallthesignificantinformation.Conversationstendtoberememberedmorethanwritteninformation.Therefore,youshouldhavediscussionsonthesubjectwithyourinstructorsandcolleaguesasitencouragesyoutolisten,focus,andprocesstheconcepts.Youwillalsomakeagoodimpressionontheinstructorsbyaskingquestionsandcontributingtothediscussionsintheclass.SectionBReadingPractice

D)Secondly,remembertowritedownnotes.Ifyoumakeyournoteswhileattendinglectures,itwillhelpyouwhilerevisingforyourexams.Also,whilemakingnotes,trytouseabbreviationsasitisthebestwaytospeedupyournote-taking.However,yourabbreviatednotesshouldthenbewrittenoutfullyafterclass.Researchsaysthattheonewhowriteswhilestudyinghashigherchancesofretaininginformationthantheonewhotypesorjustlistenstotheinstructorasthereisnoprocessingandreframingoftheinformationinthesetechniques.Hence,ifyouwantbettergrades,youshouldwriteallyournotesonpaperandmustcloseyourlaptop.SectionBReadingPractice

E)Thirdly,howtomanageyourtimeisanotherimportantthing.Ifyouareunabletomanageyourtime,youwillfailtobalanceyourwork,studies,andfamilyresponsibilities.Timeisveryvaluable,andhenceshouldbeutilizedproperly.Trytolistallyourtasks,anditwillnotonlyhelpyoutorememberthemallbutalsogiveyousomerelieffromstressingabouteverything.Writethedeadlinesforallyourassignments,andprioritizethembasedontheirurgency.Makeyourgoalsbecauseonceyouunderstandyourtargets,youcouldeasilyworkonachievingthem.Onceyouknowwhereyouneedtogetto,youwillalreadybehalfwaythere.Settinggoalsgivesyouclarityandmotivatesyoutotakeaction.

F)Lastbutnotleast,studyinginsmallgroupscanhelpyouinunderstandingbetterasyoucanasksomeoneaboutsomethingyoudon’tknow.Youwillhavetheopportunitytolearnfromeachother.Butonethingyouhavetodoistomakesurethatwhilestudyinginagroup,youdon’tendupturningitintoasocialeventordon’tgettoodistractedbyunnecessaryconversationswhichwillreducetheproductivityofthegroupstudy.SectionBReadingPracticeSectionBReadingPractice_____26.Askingquestionscannotonlyensureyourpresenceintheclassbutalsoencourageyoutocommunicatewithothersinagoodway.Thelaptopislessefficientthanpaperswhenyouwanttogetahigherscore.Missingyourclassesmaybeinevitablebutattendingallyourlecturescanbebeneficialtoyourthinkingandperformance.Aslongasyouhavegoodself-control,groupstudycanbeabetterchoicetolearnfromyourpartners.Alistoftasksandacleargoalcanmotivateyoutoachievesomethingeasily._____27._____28._____29._____30.CDBFE世紀英語高職高專公共英語類課程CENTURYENGLISH閱讀教程ⅠUnit2HobbiesandInterestsSectionAReadingSkills在中國，無論是在中學還是在大學的英語課堂教學中，英語課文教學都起著重要的作用。本教材是以書面語篇的形式進行編纂的，這些精選的語篇將語言的三大要素，即語音、詞匯和語法巧妙而真實地融為一體，使學生不僅能學會英語語言知識，還能從中了解英語國家的文化。因此，我們在閱讀語篇的時候，應明白一點：所讀即所考。也就是說，我們讀的每一個句子留下的思考點都應是命題人的設問點，或者至少是干擾點。所以，了解語篇中常見的宏觀結構組織，即語篇中一個或一組小句與另一個或另一組小句之間的邏輯——語義關系，顯得尤為重要。SectionAReadingSkills因果關系因果法主要是用來探索事物間因果關系的一種段落發展方法。作者通過客觀、正確的推理，分析事物發生的原因及產生的結果來闡述主題句、展開段落，使段落合乎邏輯，使主題句的支配思想令人信服。換言之，因果句通常是作者進行分析或者得出結論的地方。英語句子存在前因后果和前果后因，學生一定要弄清楚誰導致誰。出題者為了考查學生的閱讀能力和邏輯分析能力，經常會把因果關系進行顛倒，將因變成果或將果變成因。學生需要注意辨別實際的因果關系，防止混淆。英語中表示因果關系的方式有很多。除原因狀語從句之外，名詞、介詞、連接副詞、主動詞、并列連詞、從屬連詞等都可以表示語篇中的因果關系。常見的表示因果關系的詞語有：of,so,for,since,as,resultfrom,originatefrom,base,basis,reason,aboveall,afterall等。SectionAReadingSkills

Cigarettesmokecontainsnicotine,severalcancerproducingorirritatingsubstancesandcarbonmonoxidegas.Damagetotheliningofthebronchialtubesismuchmorecommonamongcigarettesmokersthannon-smokers,evenwhenthereisnoobviousdisease.Someofthesechangesareconsideredtobeper-cancerous.Lungfunctionisgenerallyreducedamongcigarettesmokers.Cigarettesmokingisagreaterhazardthanotherfactors—suchascommunityairpollution—inthecausationofcancerandchronicbronchitis.SectionAReadingSkills第一句前半句中的“Cigarettesmokecontainsnicotine”，很明顯是原因，因而產生了其后半句中提到的“severalcancerproducingorirritatingsubstancesandcarbonmonoxidegas”這種結果。第二句中的“Damagetotheliningofthebronchialtubesismuchmorecommonamongcigarettesmokersthannon-smokers”是產生的第二個結果。顯然，該段運用了“一原因→多結果→點明主題”的推理順序,對吸煙危害性的闡述頗具說服力。定義和解釋所謂定義，就是用簡短明確的語句提示概念的內涵，即揭示概念所反映的對象的特點或本質的一種篇章要素。它通常包含以下三種原則：定義中不能用語重復、定義中不用否定形式及定義中不采用比喻等修辭手法。定義可用于議論文的開頭或者主體段中，但是它一般不適用于結尾段中。除了字典上的定義外，我們還可以從這個名詞或短語的功能、目的、包含的具體例子等方面賦予它含義，這些方式都屬于定義。所謂解釋，就是作者往往在段落開始或結尾處給出一個定義或現象，即提出一個問題，然后對該定義或現象進行解釋。這些解釋包括問題產生的原因、存在的因素以及可能的解決方案。作者可能提到幾個不同的解決方案，但是之后作者自己認可的那種解決方案才是文章的重點和主題。段落最后對現象或問題進行總結說明并進一步強調作者在段落開始處給出的定義。常用的定義和解釋類表達方式有：Everybodyknowsthat…;Itcanbeeasilyprovedthat…;Noonecandenythat...;Differentpeopleobserveitindifferentways;Totake…foranexample…SectionAReadingSkills

Somepeoplethinkthatauniversityshouldprovidegraduateswiththeknowledgeandskillsneededintheworkplace.Othersthinkthatthetruefunctionofauniversityshouldbetogiveaccesstoknowledgeforitsownsake,regardlessofwhetherthecourseisusefultoanemployer.What,inyouropinion,shouldbethemainfunctionofauniversity?

...However,reachingtheconclusionthatotherfunctions,suchasgivingaccesstoknowledgeforitsownsake,arenolongerimportantisbiased.Forhundredsofyears,especiallyintheWest,theundergraduateeducationis,indeed,aliberaleducation,whichmeanstheundergraduateslearnawiderangeofcurriculasuchaspsychology,economics,politicsthathavenodirectrelationstojobs.Theupsidesofthisarethatitfirstlyenablesstudentstobecomebroad-mindedandhelpthemlayasolidtheoreticalfoundation,thentheywillbeabletochoosethemostappropriatefieldbasedontheirowninterestsforfurtherstudies.SectionAReadingSkills作者在第一段的尾句“What,inyouropinion,shouldbethemainfunctionofauniversity?”中提出了全文的中心問題。第二段的第一句“...reachingtheconclusionthatotherfunctions,suchasgivingaccesstoknowledgeforitsownsake,arenolongerimportantisbiased.”給出了定義，即“大學以傳授知識本身為目的”。緊接著作者使用了“通才教育”這個在西方國家非常流行的教育方式為解釋。在給出“通才教育”的定義后，又用定語從句補充了和定義間的關系，深化了段落的中心思想。SectionAReadingSkillsSectionBReadingPracticepursue

Task1Readthefollowingpassageabouthobbiesandanswerquestions1-10.VocabularySectionBReadingPracticev.todosthortrytoachievesthoveraperiodoftime追求crudeadj.simpleandnotveryaccuratebutgivingageneralideaofsth粗略的，簡略的dawnn.thebeginningorfirstsignsofsth開端，起始階段telescopen.apieceofequipmentshapedlikeatube,containinglenses,thatyoulookthroughtomakeobjectsthatarefarawayappearlargerandnearer望遠鏡Paragraph1

Ahobbycanbealmostanythingapersonlikestodoinhisfreetime.Raisingpets,buildingmodels,collectingcoinsandgardeningareallregardedashobbies.Hobbiescanofferyouenjoyment,friendship,knowledgeandrelaxation.Peopletakeuphobbiesbecausetheseactivitiescanhelpthemrelaxafterhardworkandprovideabalancebetweenworkandplay.Hobbiescanbepursuedbyanyone.Paragraph2

Fromthedawnofhumanhistorytothepresentday,menhaveleftrecordsofhobbiestheyhavetakenupandthefunin“ridingahobby”.Thecavemenwerethefirstcreativehobbyistsweknow.Inthefreetimetheyhadafterhuntingandfighting,someturnedtodrawingforpleasure.Theydrewonthewallsoftheircavescrudepicturesoftheanimalstheyknewandthebattlestheyhadfought.SectionBReadingPracticeUsingLeisureforPleasureSectionBReadingPracticeParagraph3

GeorgeWashingtonwasoneofthefirstbusyhobbyistsinAmericanhistory.Hisinterestinmathematicsledtohisearlyyearsasasurveyor.Hisstudyofeveningskieswithaprimitivetelescopeincreasedhisknowledgeofhisownworld.Healsomadeacollectionofvarietiesoftea.Alltheseaddedtohisenjoymentofliving.Paragraph4

Todaywehavemoreleisurethanwehaveeverhadinthepast.Theshorterworkweekandthefactthatwewilllivelongerthanourparentsandgrandparentsgiveusthisnewleisure.Interestinghobbiescanbethebestanswertothequestionofhowtouseitandenjoycolorfulandcreativelives.SectionBReadingPracticeParagraph5

Hobbyactivitiesarepossibleinalmosteveryfield.Therearecreativehobbiesinart,hobbiesinscienceandhobbiestodowithnaturethatattractmanypeople.Thehobbyyouchoosewillkeepyouinterestedallyourlife.Besides,itmaybeonethatyouwilloutgrowanditmaybenecessaryforyoutochooseanother.Whateverhobbyyouchoose,itisgoodifitkeepsyoubusyandhappy.Questions1-5Readthepassageandchoosethebestheadingforeachparagraphfromthelistinthebox.Thereis