oscillation/vibration振動spring彈簧oscillator振子pendulum單擺compoundpendulum復合擺damp阻尼resonance共振friction摩擦力equilibriumposition平衡位置restoringforce回復力drivingforce驅動力amplitude振幅period周期frequency頻率angularfrequency角頻率instricproperties固有屬性simpleharmonicmotion（SHM）簡諧振動beproportional（directly）to與…成正比interference干涉diffraction衍射reflection反射refraction折射wavelength波長wedge劈尖intensity強度coherentwave相干波transmission透過boundary邊界mechanicalwaves機械波phasedifference相位差standingwaves駐波travelingwaves行波crest（peak）波峰trough（valley）波谷transversewave橫波longitudinalwave縱波identicalfrequency相同的頻率interferenceofwaves波的干涉destructiveinterference相消干涉constructiveinterference相漲干涉wavepathdifference波程差opticalpathdifference光程差half—wavelengthloss半波損失Huygen’sPrinciple惠更斯原理Double-slitInterference楊氏雙縫干涉optics光學geometricoptics幾何光學physicaloptics物理光學waveoptics波動光學quantumoptics粒子光學polarization偏振wavesurface波面waveline波線wavefront波前sphericalwave球面波planewave平面波wavelet子波isotropic各項同性instant時刻incident入射的normalline法線doubleslit雙縫brightfringe明紋darkfringe暗紋Newton’sring牛頓環adjacent相鄰的equalinclinationinterference等傾干涉equalthicknessinterference等厚干涉high-resolution高精度resolution分辨率overlap重疊grating光柵fixed固定的(確定的)secondarymaxima次極大diffractionangle衍射角gratingconstant光柵常數gratingfunction光柵方程diffractiongrating衍射光柵transmissiongrating透射光柵reflectiongrating反射光柵missingorderofdiffractiongrating光柵的缺級TEM透射電子顯微鏡SEM隧道掃瞄電子顯微鏡unpolarizedlight非偏振光polarizedlight偏振光naturallight自然光crystal晶體Polaroidsheet/polarizer起偏片analyzer檢偏器vertical垂直的polarization偏振completelypolarizedlight完全偏振光partlypolarizedlight部分偏振光ellipse/circlepolarizedlight橢圓/圓偏振光polarizationoflight光的偏振astackofglassplates玻璃片堆quantum量子blackbody黑體anode陽極cathode陰極photon光子atom原子exert施加linear線性的eject激發illuminate使照亮radiation輻射electricfield電場ammeter電流表photoelectron光電子circuit電路hypothesis假設/假說instantaneity瞬時性undulatoryproperty波動性corpuscularproperty粒子性atomaticspectra原子光譜absorptionspectra吸收光譜emissionspectra發射光譜photoelectriceffect光電效應thermalradiation熱輻射electromagneticwave電磁波photoelectriccurrent光電流absolutetemperature絕對溫度cut-offvoltage截止電壓workfunction逸出功/功函數cut-offfrequency截止頻率conservationofenergy能量守恒angularmomentum角動量conservationofmomentum動量守恒mainquantumnumber主量子數ionizationenergy電離能excitedstate激發態highenergystate/higherstate高能態Thermalradiationinequilibrium平