話題十五人類生存、社會發展與環境的關系

第一部分話題詞匯積累

單詞&短語

1n.日曬，曬黑；曬傷

2.v./n.掙扎，奮斗，努力

3.n.十年，十年期

4.n.冗員，額外人員；［口］特級品，特大號商品；超級市場adj.特級的，極好的，非凡的

5.n.饑餓，渴望v.使饑餓；渴望

6.n.產量，輸出；輸出量

7.adj.引起煩惱的，令人不安的vt.擴大，擴展，張開，使發，詳談；引申

9.v.循環，流通；傳遞；傳播；流傳

10.n.戰役，戰斗v.搏斗，奮斗

11.adv.因此，所以

12.vt.擺脫，除去；扔掉；丟棄；消除；趕走

13.n.自由，自主

14.v.配備，裝備；使有所準備，使有能力

15.v.輸出，出口；傳播n.輸出（品）

16.n.國籍；（構成國家一部分的）民族

17.n.工作，職業，占領；消遣；使用；居住

18.v.使迷惑，使為難；混淆；搞錯

19.n.發現,發覺,一discoverv.發現

20.v.集中，聚焦，n.焦點，中心點

21.protectrareanimalsandplants____________________________

22.popularizeenvironmentalprotectionknowledge

23.enhancetheawarenessoftheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection

24.improvetheeco-environment___________________________

25.developsolarenergy_____________________________

26.providehabitatsforahugenumberofwildanimalsandplants

27.supplywaterandfoodforhumanbeings

28.paygreatattentiontotheconservationofforest

29.resultinaseriesofproblems___________________________

30.helpslowdownthepaceofglobalwarming

完形高頻短語

1.aboveall_____

2.afterall______

3.apartfrom____

4.asaresultof__

5.asfor________

6.asif_________

7.as/solongas__

8.asto_________

9.asusual______

lO.aswell______

1l.aswellas_____

12.atleast_____

13.atmost_____

14.attimes_____

15.beforelong__

16.byall/nomeans

17.bychance___

18.calmdown__

19.dueto______

2O.evenso_____

2Levenif/though_

22.exceptfor__

23.eversince__

24.farfrom____

25.forlackof__

26.getridof___

27.inaddition___

28.inaddition(to)_

29.inahurry

3O.incase(of)___

31.indetail_____

32.inexchangefor

33.infavourof_____________________________

34.infact_____________________________

35.inneedof____________________________

36.inotherwords_____________________________

37.inreturn_____________________________

38.inshort____________________________

39.inspiteof_________________________

4O.intheend_____________________________

41.insteadof_____________________________

42.instore(forsb.)_____________________________

43.intermsof_____________________________

44.intime_____________________________

45.inturn_____________________________

46.invain_____________________________

47.nowandthen_____________________________

48.nowthat_____________________________

49.onbehalfof_____________________________

50.onpurpose_____________________________

51.onthecontrary_____________________________

52.onthewhole_____________________________

53.onceagain_____________________________

54.onceinawhile_____________________________

55.oncemore_____________________________

56.otherthan_____________________________

57.outofplace_____________________________

58.outofsight_____________________________

59.ratherthan_____________________________

60.sofar_____________________________

詞匯拓展

1.ratherthan用作連詞，連接兩個平行結構。既可以表示主觀愿望上的抉擇，“與其……寧可“，也可以表示客觀

程度上的差異，”與其說是……不如說是……”。

I,you,shoulddothework.該做這工作的是我，而不是你。

IthinkI'llhaveacolddrink___________coffee.我想喝冷飲，而不是咖啡。

Youaredoingthisforyourselfforyourfriend.

你不是為你朋友，而是為你自己做這種事。

Ialwayspreferstartingearly,leavingeverythingtothelastminute.

我一直都是盡早開始做事，而不是把所有事情都留到最后。

Sheinsistedonhavingtheroompaperedpainted.

她堅持要用紙裱糊房間，而不是把房間粉刷一下。

Idecidedtowritetelephone.我決定寫信而不是打電話。

Iprefertoworkremainidle.我寧愿工作也不愿閑著。

Hetoldaliegethisfriendintotrouble.他寧愿說謊也不愿連累朋友。

Itwaswhathehadeatenwhathehaddrunkthatmadehimill.

使他得病的不是他喝的東西，而是他吃的東西。

2.aswellas用于本義，可視為as...as結構與well的自然搭配，其意為“與...一樣好

用于引申義,表示“不但……而且”“既是……也是”“而且”“還”。

aswellas常用來連接兩個并列的成分，作“也，還”解。它強調的是前一項，后一項只是順便提

及。因此連接并列主語時，謂語動詞與前一項一致；而用notonly...butalso...連接時，謂語動詞與后一項一致。

Hesings,ifnotbetterthan,Mary.要是他唱歌不比瑪麗唱得更好，但至少也是一樣好。

Hegrowsflowersvegetables.他既種菜也種花。

learningtoswimhehasbeentakingSpanishlessonsthissummer.

今年夏天，他除了學習游泳外，還在上西班牙語課。

HespeaksSpanishEnglishandFrench.他不僅會說英語和法語，還會說西班牙語。

TomhisparentsisgoingtoLondon.湯姆和他的父母要去倫敦。

【聯想】aswell常用作狀語，作“又；也”解，相當于too或also,常位于句末，無須用逗號與句子分開。

如：Chinaisasocialistcountry,andadevelopingcountryaswell.

中國是一個社會主義國家，也是一個發展中國家。

Inotonlyplaytheguitar,Isingaswell(=Ialsosing).我不但彈吉他，而且還演唱。

活學活用

一、閱讀下列句子，在空白處填入1個單詞或用括號內所給單詞的適當形式填空。

l.It'syou,ratherthanhe,that(be)toblamefortheaccident.

2.Sofartheteacheraswellasthestudents(see)thefilm.

3.Shestaredoutofthewindow,(lose)inadaydream.

4.Hegavemesometomatoesinexchangealiftintotown.

5.Although(face)aterriblesituation,weshouldn'tlosecontrolordrinktoomuch.

二、翻譯句子

1.只要你努力學習，就一定會達到預定的目的。（aslongas）

2.學生應學會如何充分利用時間發展各項技能。（makeuseof）

3.銀行經理問他的助手能否在一周制定出投資計劃。（workout）

4.我要到倫敦去，我妹妹也要去。（aswell）

參考答案

單詞&短語

1.sunburn2.struggle3.decade4.super5.hunger6.output7.disturbing8.expand9.circulatelO.battle

11.therefore12.rid13.freedom14.equip15.export16.nationality17.occupation18.confuse19.discovery

20.focus21.保護珍稀動植物22.普及環保知識23.增強環境意識24.改善生態環境25.開發太陽能26.為大量野生動

植物提供棲息地27.為人類提供水和食物28.非常注重森林保護29.引發一系列問題30.幫助減緩全球變暖速度

完形高頻短語

1.最重要的是；尤其2.畢竟；終究3.①除……外（別無）;若不②除……外（尚有）4.作為……的結果

5.就……而言6.好像；似乎7.只要8.關于某事9.像平常一樣10.也；還11.①與……一樣好②和；也；除……之

外12.①（數量上）不少于②至少；起碼13.至多；最多14.有時；間或15.很快；不久16.盡一切辦法；務必；當然

可以/決不17.碰巧；意外地18.（使）平靜下來19.由于；因為20.盡管如此；即使那樣21.盡管；即使22.除了……外；

除去；只是23.自從；從……以來24.遠非；完全不25.因缺少26.擺脫;除去27.另外；加之28.除……之外（還）29.

匆忙；急于30.假使；免得；以防（萬一）31.詳細地32.交換；調換33.贊同；支持34.其實；實際上35?需要36.也就

是說；換句話說37作為交換；作為回報38.總之；簡言之39.不管；盡管40.最后；終于41.代替；而不是42.即將

發生（在某人身上）;等待著（某人）43.從……方面來講；就……而言44.遲早；及時45.依次；反過來；轉而46.徒勞；

白辛苦47.時而；偶爾48.既然；由于49.①代表②為了……50.故意地；有意地51.正相反；恰恰相反52.總的看

來；總體而言53.再一次54.偶爾；間或55.再一次56.除……以外（except）57.不在合適的位置上；不合適的；不相稱

的58.看不見；在視野之外59.而不60.迄今為止

詞匯拓展

1.ratherthan;ratherthan;ratherthan;ratherthan;ratherthan;ratherthan;ratherthan;ratherthan;ratherthan

2.aswellas;aswellas;Aswellas;aswellas;aswellas

活學活用

一、l.are2.hasseen3.1ost4.for5.facing

二、l.Aslongasyoustudyhard,youaresuretogettheexpectedgoal.

2.Studentsaretolearntomakefulluseoftheirtimetodevelopvariousskillsandabilities.

3.Thebankmanageraskedhisassistantifitwaspossibleforhimtoworkouttheinvestmentplanwithinaweek.

4.1amgoingtoLondonandmysisterisgoingaswell.

第二部分話題閱讀訓練

(A)閱讀理解

IfplastichadbeeninventedwhenthePilgrimssailedfromPlymouth,England,toNorthAmerica-andtheir

Mayflowerhadbeenstockedwithbottledwaterandplastic-wrappedsnacks,theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearound

fourcenturieslater.Atlanticwavesandsunlightwouldhavewornallthatplasticintotinybits.Andthosebitsmightstillbe

floatingaroundtheworld'soceanstoday,waitingtobeeatenbysomefishoroysters,andfinallyperhapsbyoneofus.

Becauseplasticwasn'tinventeduntilthelate19thcentury,anditsproductiononlyreallytookoffaround1950,we

haveamere9.2billiontonsofthestufftodealwith.Ofthat,morethan6.9billiontonshavebecomewaste.Andofthat

waste,asurprising6.3billiontonsnevermadeittoarecyclingbin—thefigurethatshockedthescientistswhopublishedthe

numbersin2017.

Nooneknowshowmuchunrecycledplasticwasteendsupintheocean,theearth'slastsink.In2015,JennaJambeck,

anengineeringprofessoroftheUniversityofGeorgia,caughteveryone'sattentionwitharoughestimate：between5.3

millionand14milliontonsofplasticwasteeachyearjustcomefromcoastalregions.

Meanwhile,oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarine(海洋的)animalseveryyear.Nearly700species,

includingendangeredones,areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthings

madeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.Marinespeciesofallsizes,fromzooplanktontowhales,noweat

microplastics,thebitssmallerthanone-fifthofaninchacross.

“Thisisn*taproblemthatwedon*tknowwhatthesolutionis,“saysTedSiegler,aVermontresourceeconomistwho

hasspentmorethan25yearsworkingwithdevelopingnationsongarbage.66Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecan

doit.Weknowhowtodealwithit.Weknowhowtorecycle.It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystems

ideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.^^

1.WhydoestheauthormentionthePilgrimsinParagraph1?

A.Toproveplasticwasdifficulttoinvent.

B.Tointroducewhatmarineanimalslikeeating.

C.TotellthePilgrimscontributedalottothemarineprotection.

D.Toshowplasticwastehasalastingeffectontheocean.

2.What*sthemaintroublemarineanimalsfaceaccordingtothetext?

A.Lackingprotection.

B.Beingstuckbyplastics.

C.Beingcaughtbyhumans.

D.Treatingplasticsasfood.

3.WhatdoesTedSieglerwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?

A.Somepeopledon'tknowthesolutiontoplasticwaste.

B.Plasticswillturntheoceanintoasoupofplastic.

C.It'stimetotakemeasurestodealwithplasticwaste.

D.Peopleshouldavoidusingplasticstoprotecttheocean.

4.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

A-Abiologytextbook.

B.Atravelbrochure.

C.Anenvironmentalreport.

D.Alifestylemagazine.

【語篇解讀】本文為說明文，主題語境是人與自然。文章主要介紹了如今塑料垃圾已經嚴重地污染了我們的

環境，尤其是海洋環境，人類應該采取措施改變這一現狀。

1.D［推理判斷題。根據第一段中“Andthosebitsmightstillbefloatingaroundtheworld'soceanstoday,waitingto

beeatenbysomefishoroysters,andfinallyperhapsbyoneofus.”可知，作者在第一段中提到Pilgrims是為了表明塑料

垃圾對海洋有持久的影響。故選D項。］

2.D［細節理解題。根據第四段中“Marinespeciesofallsizes,fromzooplanktontowhales,noweatmicroplastics,

thebitssmallerthanone-fifthofaninchacross.”可知，海洋動物面臨的主要問題是把塑料當作食物。故選D項。］

3.C［推理判斷題。根據最后一段中"It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystemsideallybeforethe

oceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.”可知，TedSiegler想告訴我們是采取措施處理塑料垃圾的時候了。故選C項。］

4.C［推理判斷題。文章主要是關于海洋垃圾和海洋生物保護的，由此可推知這篇文章可能來自一份環境報告。

故選C項。］

(B)語法填空

ThewildfiresinAustraliabecameconsiderablyworseinJanuary,2020.Thedisasterfacedby1.countryisfar

fromover.Manyofthefires2.(send)smokehighintotheatmosphereandsomesmoketurnedinto

pyrocumulonimbusclouds(火云).Thecloudscouldhelpafiredrawinmoreairandshiftsurfacewinds,3.(result)

infiretornadoes(龍卷風).Fireshavedestroyedhabitatsforanimalsthat4.(find)onlyinAustralia,including

koalasandrarebirds.Itwilltaketimetofullyknowhowmuchharmthefireshavedone5.wildlife.Thewildfires

areexpected6.(continue)burningformonthsasAustraliaentereditsdryseason.

Thispastyear,2019,isthehottestanddriestyearonrecord.Thefireshappen7.(regular)duringthe

Australiandryseason.However,climateandnaturalchangesaremakingthesituation8