語法專題突破專題七定語從句英語2022內容索引核心考點課堂突破專項訓練鞏固提升核心考點課堂突破[高考感悟]單句填空1.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)...Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot______________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.

2.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)InancientChinalivedanartist,_______________paintingswerealmostlifelike.

3.(2019·全國Ⅱ卷)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,___________sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.

wherewhosewhich4.(2019·全國Ⅲ卷)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters_______________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.

5.(2018·北京卷)Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,_______________helpsthemkeepfit.

whowhich[考點歸納]考點一

關系代詞與關系副詞

關系詞關系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關系代詞who人主語Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在從句中作賓語時,常可以省略,但介詞提前時后面關系代詞不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom,which和that在從句中作賓語時,常可以省略,但介詞提前時后面關系代詞不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom人賓語MrSmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.MrSmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.MrSmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.whose人、物定語Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人、物主語、賓語Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主語、賓語Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人、物主語、賓語Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as作賓語一般不省略關系詞關系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關系副詞when時間時間狀語Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhich替換可用onwhich替換where地點地點狀語ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhich替換可用inwhich替換why原因原因狀語Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhich替換注意1.當先行詞為way,意為“方法、方式”,且在定語從句中作主語、賓語時,可用關系代詞which或that;作狀語時,要用in

which

或that或不填任何關系詞。The

way

(that/in

which)

he

finished

the

task

successfully

was

difficult

to

understand.(作狀語)The

way(that/which)

he

explained

to

me

was

not

difficult

to

understand.(作賓語)2.當先行詞為time時,若表示“一段時間”,后面定語從句用when引導,也可用at/during

which;若表示“次數”,后面定語從句用that引導,that可以省略。There

was

a

time

when

we

had

no

TV

sets.This

is

the

second

time(that)

the

president

has

visited

our

country.考點二

that與which,who,whom的用法區別

情況用法說明例句只用that的情況1.先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代詞時2.先行詞被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修飾時3.先行詞有形容詞最高級或序數詞修飾時4.先行詞既指人又指物時5.先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾時6.句中已經有who或which,為了避免重復時Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhavebeengivenout.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?情況用法說明例句只用which,who,whom的情況1.在非限制性定語從句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人2.在由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句中,只能用which指物,whom指人3.先行詞本身是that時,關系詞用which,先行詞為those,one,ones時多用whoHehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.考點三

限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別

類別語法意義及特征例句限制性定語從句對先行詞起修飾限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明確,這種從句與主句的關系十分密切,寫時不用逗號分開TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.非限制性定語從句對先行詞作附加的說明,與主句的關系不是十分密切,較松散。從句和主句之間用逗號分開,相當于一個插入語,不能用that引導,關系代詞作賓語時也不能省略Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.考點四

as與which的區別

定語從句區別例句限制性定語從句中名詞前有such和thesame修飾時,關系代詞用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.非限制性定語從句中as和which都可以指代前面整個主句。如果有“正如,像”的含義,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引導的從句只能放主句后,指代主句中某物或整個句子所表達的內容Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknown,hewasafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.注意as多用于下列習慣用語中:①as

anybody

can

see正如大家能看到的那樣②as

we

had

expected正如我們所預料的那樣③as

often

happens正如經常發生的那樣④as

has

been

said

before如之前所述⑤as

is

mentioned

above正如上面所提到的考點五

定語從句與同位語從句的區別

that引導同位語從句時,在從句中不作任何成分,而that引導定語從句時則充當主語、賓語或表語等成分Don’tyouforgetthepromise(that)youmade?Hemakesapromisethathewillmakeyouveryrichifyouworkwithhim.what,whether和how不可以引導定語從句,但可以引導同位語從句Thereissomedoubtwhethershewillbedismissedfromschool.定語從句前面的名詞既可以是具體名詞,也可以是抽象名詞;而同位語從句所修飾的詞一般是抽象名詞,從句說明該名詞所指的具體內容Thepatientacceptedtheadvicethatsmokingshouldbegivenup.(同位語從句)ThisistheadvicewhichwasgivenbyTom.(定語從句)專項訓練鞏固提升Ⅰ.單句填空1.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof_________Ihadevermetbefore.2.Itwasonthefarm_________weworkedthatIgottoknowher.

3.Aperson_______________e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.

4.Youshouldreadonlysuchbooks_______________youcanunderstandwithoutmuchdifficulty.

5.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcases_______________beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.

whomwhere

whoseaswhere

6.Thereason_______________hewantstosellhishouseisthatheneedsalotofmoneyforhisoperation.

7.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,after_______________hefoundajobinabigcompany.

8.Shewaspleasedwiththeway___________hehadacceptedhercriticism.

9.Weshouldn’tspentourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof_______________arehealthy.Attheage_______________otherpeopleretire,Francisbeganthegreatestcauseinhislife.

10.Theytalkedofthingsandpersons_______________theyrememberedintheschool.

whywhichthatwhomwhen

thatⅡ.語法填空Thebooksonthedesks,1._______________coversareshiny,areprizesforus.Thebookiswellwrittenandwellprinted.Therearefew,ifany,mistakesinit.

Thisisthebook2._______________Ihavereaddozensoftimes.Whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamark3.______________youhaveanyquestions.Fromthisexp