進(jìn)階練19概要寫作（滿分范文）專練（原卷版）學(xué)校:___________姓名：___________班級(jí)：___________考號(hào)：___________一、概要寫作1．（2023·上海靜安·統(tǒng)考二模）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.SecondhandfashionstagesaebackFewfollowersoffashionwillforgetthemomentwhenasupermodelarrivedataNewYorkfashionweekdinner,wearinga1950sdress.Thenextday,ahuntforsomethingsimilarbegan.Thatwas2003.Fastforwardtothe2020sandsecondhandfashionisrenewinganewroundofcraze,andthistime,arguably,it’sbackforgood.Whensupermodelsanddesignerswerebuyingthingsatsecondhandmarketsandmatchingthemwithexpensivepieces,theactwasmorerelatedtotheoldidealofwhatfashionwas—verytrendbasedandveryseasonbased.Today,ordinarypeoplealwayswanttohavenewlooksbutthey’rebeingmoreawareoftheimpactoftheirchoicesontheenvironment,andthebestthingwecandointhisclimatecrisisistolimittheresourceswetakeoutoftheplanet.Secondhandfashionspeakstowhat’shappeningrightnow.Andtheworldisspeakingback.It’sestimatedthatthetotalresaleclothesmarketisexpectedtoriseinvaluefrom$96billionin2021to$141billionby2023.Morethan‘backforgood’,secondhandfashionlookssettobeethenewnorm.Theincreasedcraftsofrepairandupcyclingofferanothercontemporarydimensiontothetrend.There’sariseinyoungpeoplelookingatthingsthatalreadyexist,notonlytotakeinspirationfrom,butalsotouseasmaterialfornextstagecreation.Currentrepairandupcyclingskillsmaketheirwishareality.Evensocialmediaplatformsareonboard.“Onceyoustartfindingheatatthesecondhandfashionshop,itquicklyturnsintoanevergrowingaddiction.Eachpiecehashistorybehindit,”saidanonlinecelebritywith1.7millionfollowers.He,alongwithothercelebritiespostingvisitstoshopsofthiskind,haspushedupsales.Theirpowerinthefieldcan’tbeneglected.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．（2023·上海徐匯·統(tǒng)考二模）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.IsBanningSingleusePlastictheRightOption?Theharmfuleffectsofusingplasticarebeingincreasinglyapparent.Plasticdoesnotdepose,butbreaksdownintosmallerandsmallerparticles.Itthreatensournatureaswellasourhealth.Onepopularsolutiontotheproblemistoprohibitsingleuseplastics.IntheUK,supermarketsarebeingencouragedtosetupplasticfreeaisles,inwhichthefoodisdisplayedloose,andshoppersareencouragedtomakemoreenvironmentallyfriendlychoicesinpackingandtransportingtheirfood.Suchplansarewellintentioned,butitmaynotbebeneficialtoeliminate(清除)theuseofsingleuseplasticaltogether.Oneofthefieldswheresingleuseplastichasavitalroleisthefoodindustry.Whenfoodorfreshgoodsarepackedinplastic,theyareprotectedandpreserved,helpingthemremainfresherandkeepingthemfromspoiling.Singleuseplasticisalsocrucialinthemedicalindustry.Thisisnotjustbecauseofitslowcost.Ithelpstopreventthespreadofinfectionandthatisthebiggestbenefitofthematerialinthemedicalfield.Replacingplasticwithothermaterialsisneithersimplenorstraightforward,mainlyduetothechallengeoffindinganalternativethatbinesallthemostdesirableplasticproperties.Forexample,glassproductsareapotentialalternative,butcleaningthemwouldbeextremelyexpensivewhileincreasingtherisktohealth.Anotherissueisthatalternativematerialstoplasticareoftenmoreenvironmentallyharmfulthanplastic.Takepaperbags,forexample.ResearchbytheNorthernIrelandAssemblyshowsfourtimesmoreenergyisrequiredtomanufactureapaperbagthanaplasticbag.Ifpeoplerespondbysimplyusingothermaterials,abanonsingleuseplasticcanendupmakingtheproblemworse.Clearlythereisaneedtoreduceplasticwasteanditsimpactontheenvironment.However,simplybanningtheirsingleusemaynotbethebestoption._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．（2023·上海·上海市建平中學(xué)校考三模）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.MultitaskingAreyouamultitasker?DoyouwatchTVandcookdinneratthesametime?Doyouofteninterruptyourworktocheckyouremail?Doyoutalkonyourphonewhileyou’redriving?Ifyoudotheseorsimilarthings,thenyouareoneofmanymultitaskers.AccordingtoasurveybythemagazineScientificAmericanMIND,90percentofAmericanadultsmultitaskregularly.Mostpeoplesaytheymultitaskbecausetheyaretoobusy,andmultitaskingsavestime.Popularelectronicdevicesliketabletsandsmartphonesmakeitconvenienttodoseveraltasksatonce,sopeoplefeelliketheyaregettingmoredone.MelissaBrownofEvanston,Illinois,saysshehasnotroublelisteningtomusic,surfingtheInternet,andsendingtextmessagestofriendswhileshedoesherhomework.Recentstudies,however,showthatMelissaandotherslikeherareperhapsgettinglessdonethantheythinktheyare.That’sbecausewithmultitasking,thereareactuallymany“microinterruptions”inwhichpeoplestoponetask,startanother,andeventuallyreturntothefirstone.Thesestopsandstartsmakeitdifficulttoconcentrate,andsomultitaskersactuallywastetime,accordingtoastudyatMicrosoftCorporation.Inthestudy,workerswhointerruptedtheirworktoansweranemailortextmessagetookanaverageof15minutestoreturntotheworktheyweredoingbeforetheinterruption.Somepsychologistssaythatthehumanbrainjustisn’tgoodatconcentratingontwothingsatthesametime.Thisdoesn’tmatterifyou’reonlypreparingasaladandlisteningtotheradio,theysay.Butifyou’redoingadifficulttaskthatrequiresthinking,likewritingareport,thenmultitaskingcanslowyoudownandcausemistakes.Itcanevenbedangerous,asinthecaseofpeoplewhotalkonthephone,eat,orevenapplymakeupwhiledriving.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．（2023·上海浦東新·統(tǒng)考三模）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.KeepingtheKidsEatingHealthyFruitsandvegetablesaresuperimportantforkidstobeabletogrowuphealthyandstrong.Scienceremendsthatchildrenaged2to18getatleasttwoservingsoffruitandthreeservingsofvegetableseachday.Butgettingkidstoeattheirfruitsandvegetablesisofteneasiersaidthandone.Ifyouneedadditionalreasonstohelpyourkidsboosttheirintake,newresearchhasfoundthatstudentswhoeatmorefruitsandvegetablesmighthavebettermentalwellbeingthanthosewhoeatless.ArecentstudypublishedinBMJNutrition,PreventionandHealthlookedat9,000studentsfromacrosstheU.K.About7,500wereinsecondaryschool,and1,500wereinprimaryschool.Studentsselfreportedtheirdietandweregivenageappropriatetestsformentalwellbeingthatlookedathappiness,relaxationandhealthyinterpersonalrelationships.Thestudyfoundastrongassociationbetweeneatingmorefruitsandvegetablesandhighermentalwellbeingscores.However,onlyabout25percentofthestudentsmettheremendationofatleastfiveservingsofproduceaday.Anotherinterestingfindingconcernedbreakfast,anespeciallyimportantmealforschoolagekids,asitprovidesthefueltheyneedtolearnandfunctioningeneral.However,theresearchfoundthatmorethanoneinfivesecondaryschoolchildrenandonein10primaryschoolchildrendidn’tcatastandardbreakfastatall,andmanyjusthadasnackordrinkinplaceofameal.Thosewhohadafullbreakfasthadsignificantlybettermentalwellbeingscoresthanthosewhoskippedthemorningmeal.Inshort,thefindingssuggestthateatingahealthydietthatincludesafullbreakfastandatleastfiveservingsoffruitsandvegetablesadayleadstothebestmentalhealthoutesforchildren.Unfortunately,manystudentssurveyedweremissingthemarkwitheitherfruitsandvegetables,breakfast,orboth.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．（2023春·上海楊浦·高三同濟(jì)大學(xué)第一附屬中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí)）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.LearningtowriteeffectivelyI’vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter.Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting(lastingonlyashorttime)thought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting.”Infreewriting,theobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernonstop,usuallyfor1520minutes.Nostopping,nogoingback,nocriticizing.Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillefromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepagesasthedeadlinedrawsnear.Insteadofstaringatablank,startfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouravailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeandthefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．（2023·上海·南洋中學(xué)校考三模）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.TheCrucialRoleofEarlyChildhoodEnvironmentTheenvironmentweareinaffectsourmoods,abilitytoformrelationships,effectivenessinworkorplay—evenourhealth.Inaddition,theearlychildhoodenvironmenthasaverycrucialroleinchildren’slearninganddevelopmentfortwoimportantreasons.First,youngchildrenareintheprocessofrapidbraindevelopment.Intheearlyyears,thebraindevelopsmoresynapses(神經(jīng)元的突觸)orconnectionsthanitcanpossiblyuse.Thosethatareusedbythechildformstrongconnections,whilethesynapsesthatarenotusedgraduallydisappear.Children’sexperienceshelptomakethisdetermination.TheNationalScientificCounciloftheDevelopingChildparesthedevelopmentofthebraintoconstructingahouse,stating,“Justasalackoftherightmaterialscanresultinblueprintsthatchange,thelackofappropriateexperiencescanleadtoalterationsingeneticplans.”Becausechildren’sexperiencesarelimitedbytheirsurroundings,theenvironmentweprovideforthemhasacrucialimpactonthewaythechild’sbraindevelops.Thesecondreasonthattheearlychildhoodenvironmenthassuchastrongroleinchildren’sdevelopmentisbecauseoftheamountoftimechildrenspendintheseenvironments.Manychildrenspendalargeportionoftheirwakefulhoursinearlychildhoodsetting.Forexample,ababybeginningchildcarewillspendupto12,000hoursintheprogram.Thisismoretimethanhewillspendinbothelementaryandsecondaryschools.Childrenwilltypicallyspendanother4,000hoursinkindergartenthroughthirdgradeclassrooms.AnitaRuiOlds,awellknownenvironmentaldesigner,believesthatweshoulddesignourearlychildhoodenvironmentsformiracles,notminimums.Shestates:“Childrenaremiracles.Believingthateverychildisamiraclecantransformthewaywedesignforchildren’scare.Whenweinviteamiracleintoourlives,weprepareourselvesandtheenvironmentaroundus.Wemakeitourjobtocreate,withgreatrespectandgratitude,aspacethatisworthyofamiracle!_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．（2023·上海普陀·統(tǒng)考二模）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.HowtoStayHealthyinAutumnInrecentdays,theweatherinmostregionsisnolongerhot,andpeoplecanrelaxandenjoythecoolautumn.However,thereisabiggapintemperatureinthemorningandevening,andtheairisalsodrier.Allofthesefactorscanleadtodrymouthandnose,sorethroat,drycough,dryhairlossandothersymptoms.Peoplearemorelikelytogetsickduringtheseasonalchangefromsummerthroughautumn.So,herearesometipstokeepyouhealthyandfortableintothewintermonths.Doeatwateryfood.AccordingtotraditionalChinesemedicine,autumncorrespondstothelungsofthehumanbody.Payattentiontowetlungsindryweather.Themostconvenientandeasywaytoprotectlungsinautumnistodrinkmorewater.Inaddition,youcanadoptthediettherapyoftraditionalChinesemedicine,eatingsomewateryfood,likepearandduckmeat.Dohaveeasilydigestedfood.People’sspleen(牌)andstomachfunctionsareweakenedbecauseoftherawandcoldfoodtheyhadduringthelong,hotsummer.Soinautumn,youshouldgiveyourspleenandstomacharest.Forexample,youcanchoosesomenutritiousfoodthatiseasytodigesttoeat,suchasfishandredbean.Besuretotakevitaminsupplements.Vitaminsplayanimportantroleinthebody’simmunesystem.Thenumberandvitalityofimmunecellsarerelatedtovitaminswhenthebodyresistsforeigninvasion.ItisremendedthatyoueatplentyoffreshvegetablesandfruitsrichinvitaminC,suchaskiwiandoranges.Sleepisanimportantmeansforpeopletorestoretheirphysicalstrength,ensuretheirhealthandenhancetheirimmunity.Inautumn,itissuggestedthatyougotobedat9pm,ortrytofallasleepbefore11o’clock.Ifyousleepatthistime,itisgreatforyourbodyandyoucangetagoodqualityofsleep.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．（2023春·上海·高三上海市大同中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí)）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.TheUnexpectedPowerofRandomActsofKindnessInlateAugust,ErinAlexander,57,satintheparkinglotofaTargetstoreandwept.Shewashavingahardday.Abarista(咖啡師)workingattheStarbucksinsidetheTargetwastoo.Theespressomachinehadbrokendownandshewasclearlystressed.Ms.Alexander—who’dstoppedcryingandgoneinsideforsomecaffeine—smiled,orderedanicedgreentea,andtoldhertohanginthere.Afterpickingupherorder,shenoticedamessageonthecup:“Erin,”thebaristahadwrittennexttoaheart,“yoursoulisgolden.”Thewarmthofthatsmallandunexpectedgesture,fromastrangerwhohadnoideaofwhatshewasgoingthrough,movedErindeeply.Newfindings,publishedintheJournalofExperimentalPsychologyinAugust,corroboratejusthowpowerfulexperienceslikeMs.Alexander’scanbe.Thenotionthatkindnesscanboostwellbeingishardlynew.Studieshaveshownthatprosocialbehavior—basically,voluntarilyhelpingothers—canhelplowerpeople’sdailystresslevels,andthatsimpleactsofconnection,liketextingafriend,meanmorethanmanyofusrealize.Butresearchershavealsofoundthatpeoplewhoperformarandomactofkindnesstendtounderestimatehowmuchtherecipientwillappreciateit.Andtheybelievethatmiscalculationcouldholdmanyofusbackfromdoingnicethingsforothersmoreoften.Stresscanalsokeeppeoplefrombeingkindtoothers,Dr.Cousineausaid,ascanthe“l(fā)ittlejudgyvoice”inpeople’sheadsthatcausesthemtoquestionwhethertheirgestureorgiftwillbemisinterpreted,orwhetheritwillmaketherecipientfeelpressuredtopayitback.“Whenthekindnessurgearises,”shesaid,“wetotallyoverthinkit.”Researcherswhostudykindnessandfriendshipsaytheyhopethenewfindingsstrengthenthescientificcaseformakingthesetypesofgesturesmoreoften._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9．（2023·上海·盧灣高級(jí)中學(xué)校考三模）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.WearingHelmetSomekidsridethroughcitybicyclelaneslikeaprofessional,andotherssetoutalonedownquietcountrylanes.However,everyday,anaverageofmorethan500childrenwithbikerelatedinjuriesaretreatedinU.S.emergencydepartments,accordingtoananalysisofinjurydatafrom2006to2015.Thosewearinghelmetsweresignificantlylesslikelytohaveheadandneckinjuries,thestudyfound.Andalthoughchildrentendtowearhelmetsmoreconsistentlythanadults,manystillridewithoutone.Alongwithcallingforsafer,morebikefriendlystreets,it’simportanttochooseahelmetthatwillhelpprotectyourchildfrominjuryinafalloracrash.Whenyou’rechoosingahelmet,focusprimarilyonensuringthecorrectfit.“Apoorfitwillimpacttheprotectionahelmetcanprovide,”saysAngelaLumbaBrown,anemergencymedicinephysicianatStanfordHealthCare.Thebestwaytofindtherightsizeistotakeyourchildintoabikeshopandhavethemtryonhelmetswithasalesassociatewho’sfamiliarwiththeoptions,saysBradBowman,productmanageratGregg’sCycle.Ifyouchoosetobuyonline,Bowmansuggestsmeasuringyourchild’sheadwithflexiblemeasuringtapeaboutaninchabovetheeyebrowsbeforechoosingasize.Helmetsizesaremeasuredbyheadcircumference(圓周),andhelmetsusuallyewithadjustabledialstoacmodatearangeofcircumferences.Forexample,a3to5yearoldchildmightwearahelmetwitha50to52centimetercircumference.Bowmansuggestschoosingonethatfitsfortablybutalsoallowsforabitofgrowth.Onceasalesassociatehelpsyouidentifytherightsizedhelmet,adjustthedialuntilthehelmetfeelstightbutisn’tcausingthechilddisfort.“Afteryoudialinthefit,ifyoupulluplightlyontopofthehelmet,itshouldn’teofftheirhead,”hesays._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10．（2023·上海長寧·統(tǒng)考二模）Directi