高中名校英語試卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省十一校2023-2024學年高三下學期第二次聯考英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節，滿分30分）做題時，先將〖答案〗標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的〖答案〗轉涂到答題卡上。第一節（共5小題:每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandrinkmostprobably?A.Tea. B.Coffee. C.Water.〖答案〗C〖解析〗M:Tea,coffeeorwater?W:Theonewhichwon’tmakemesleeplessatnight.2.Whatdidthemandoatthepark?A.Heplayedbasketball. B.Hedidsomewalking. C.Hehadapicnic.〖答案〗B〖解析〗W:IrememberyoutoldmeyouweregoingtoplaybasketballwithTommytoday.Whydoyoucomebacksoearly?M:Hestoodmeup,soIjusttookawalkintheparkandnowIcomeback.Gotsomefood?I’mhungrynow.3.Howlongwillittakethewomanbysubway?A.About10minutes. B.About15minutes. C.About25minutes.〖答案〗B〖解析〗W:HowlongdoesittakefromourschooltoPeople’sTheaterbybus?M:About25minutes,butyoucansaveabout10minutesifyouchoosethesubway.4.Wheremighttheconversationtakeplace?A.Inabookstore. B.Inacinema. C.Inalibrary.〖答案〗A〖解析〗W:HowcanIhelpyou,sir?M:Yeah,IwaswonderingifyougotDanBrown’snovelTheLostSymbolhere.I’dliketobuyone.W:Oh,it’llbeontheshelvesnextMonday.Icaninformyouwhenitarrivesifyoulike.5.What’swrongwiththeman?A.Histonguehurts. B.Heatesomethingwrong. C.Hisheadaches.〖答案〗A〖解析〗W:Whatistheexpression?Doesittastereallythatbad?M:No,it’sgood.Actuallyit’stoogood.IjustbitmytonguebecauseIatetoofast.W:ForamomentIjustthoughtmyapplepiegaveyouaheadacheorsomething.第二節（共15小題:每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘，聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Whatistheweatherlikenow?A.Warm. B.Hot. C.Cold.7.Whatdoesthewomanliketodoinsummer?A.Dooutdoorsports. B.Eathotpot. C.Buyclothes.〖答案〗6.C7.A〖解析〗M:Ineedtobuysomewinterclothing.It’sgettingfreezingthesedays.W:I’mnotawinterperson.Doyoulikewinter?M:Well,atleastIwon’tsweatlikeapiginwinter.YouknowhoweasilyIsweat.Besides,IdoenjoyeatingChinesehotpotwithmyfriends.Thehotpotisjustnotthatwonderfultoeatinsummer,isit?W:IdolovethesunshineforIcandosomanyoutdooractivities,likeswimminginthewarmseawater,playingvolleyballonthebeach,etc.Oh,howImisssummer!聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Whatarethespeakersquarrellingover?A.Whethertoraiseapetrabbit.B.Howtospendmoneyontravelling.C.Whichsouvenirtochoose.9.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues. B.Friends. C.Husbandandwife.〖答案〗8.B9.C〖解析〗M:Howmuchdidyouspendonthissouvenir?W:Notmuch.Only200dollars.M:What?Itoldyouwewereonalowbudget!Weneedtospendmoneyonrealmeaningfulthingslikefoodandtraffic!Andwhatisthisstuffyoubought?Aglass-maderabbitwhichcosts200dollars!Really?W:Whatisthepointoftravellingifyoucan’tletmeenjoymyself?Whydidn’tyoujustlockmeathomesoyoucouldenjoythishoneymoonallalone?聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。10.Whatistheman’sjob?A.Agymtrainer. B.Afinancialtrader. C.Arestaurantowner.11.Whydoesthemanprefertocookratherthanhaveatakeaway?A.Hewantstofeelcreative. B.Helovestocookforothers. C.Helikeshome-madefood.12.Whatdoesthemanconsiderthehighstress?A.Atotallybadthing. B.Agoodthingnomatterwhat. C.Agoodthingifusedproperly.13.Whatpartdoesthemanenjoyabouthisstressfuljob?A.Thesocialconnection. B.Thehighpayment. C.Theuncertainty.〖答案〗10.B11.A12.C13.C〖解析〗W:Sowhydoesyourjobhaveareputationforbeingstressful?M:Stressisgenerallydrivenbythefeelingofbeingoutofcontrolofasituationandthefeelingofasituationcontrollingyou.Tradinginfinancialmarketscombinesboth.W:Howdoyourelaxintheevening?M:Irarelydoanythingwork-relatedsoit’seasytoescape“TheMarkets”.Igenerallygotothegymorgoforarun,especiallyifI’vehadabadday.Ialwayscookamealratherthanhaveatakeaway,youknow,todosomethingmybrainwouldregardascreative.W:Wouldyouconsiderchangingyourjobbecauseofthehighstressfactor?M:Ihaveconsideredleavingmyjobduetostress-relatedfactors.However,Idothinkthatanelementofstresscanactuallybeapositivething,ifusedinarightway.W:Whatdoyouenjoyaboutthestressfulaspectsofyourjob?M:Idoactuallyenjoyanelementofuncertainty.Tradinggeneratesawiderangeofemotionssecondbysecond.It’sverychallenging.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。14.WhydoesNOTthewomanreadnewspapers?A.Sheisworriedaboutwastingmoney.B.Sheisconcernedabouttheenvironment.C.Shegetsallnewsfromtheweb.15.Howmanyheadlinespopoutontheman’sfirstpageeveryday?A.Aboutthreeorfour. B.Aboutsixorseven. C.Abouteightornine.16.Whyisthewomanworriedaboutloadsofnews?A.Mostofthemmightnotbetrue.B.Theyconsumetoomuchtime.C.Peoplemightignoreseriousnews.17.What’sthewoman’sattitudeto“e-booksreplacingpaperbooks”?A.Supportive. B.Indifferent. C.Disapproving.〖答案〗14.B15.B16.C17.A〖解析〗M:Doyoureadnewspapersthesedays,Rachel?W:No.Idon’tevensubscribetoonebecauseIwasworriedaboutwastingpaperandthereforetrees.M:Meneither.IjustlookontheInternet.I’vegotmyfirstpagewhichpopsupaboutsixorsevenheadlineseveryday.There’salwayssomuchnewsformetochoosefrom.Onesentenceisenoughtodrawmein,andthenIendupreadingmynewsonline.W:I’mactuallyabitworriedwhenwehaveloadsofnewstochoosefrom,wewouldalwayschoosereadingentertainmentarticlesinsteadofreallyseriousnews.M:Youhaveapoint.Havingtoomanyoptionsisnotalwaysagoodthing.ButstillIwonderinthefutureiftherewillbenewspapersanyway.W:Iheardeventhemostfamousnewspapersarestartingtogobankrupt.M:Maybepaperbookswilldisappearsomeday,too.Peoplearestartingtoreadelectronicbooks.W:I’mprotheideaof“e-booksreplacingpaperbooks”,butIjustwishtheycouldmaketheexperienceofreadingane-bookmorecomfortabletooureyes.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。18.Whatdoweknowaboutthe“ikumen”course?A.It’sforparents.B.It’sorganizedbythegovernment.C.It’scharged30,000yen.19.Whatistaughttodointhecourse?A.Cookingforkids. B.Gettingababydressed. C.Wearinga5kgpregnancyjacket.20.Whatisthemainpurposeofthistalk?A.Tointroducethe“ikumen”course.B.Tohelpbachelorslookforlove.C.Torecruitstudentsforauniversity.〖答案〗18.C19.B20.A〖解析〗W:Japanesebachelorslookingforlovecannowlearnparentingskillstoincreasetheirchancesoffindingapartner.Themale-only“ikumen”course,orparentingcourseformen,wasorganizedbyOsaka-basedcompany“ikumenUniversity”andwaspricedat30,000yen.Thecourseteachesparticipantshowtobatheanddressababyandalsohelpsthemunderstandawoman’sperspectiveonparentingthroughexercisessuchaswearinga7kgpregnancyjacket.Participantsalsolearnhowtoimprovecommunicationwithapotentialpartner.InstructorMr.TakeshiAkiyamasaidtheaimofthecoursewastohelpsinglemenlookmoreappealingtopotentialwives.“Iwantedtocreateaformofcertificationprovingaman’sparentingskillsandsupportformarriedlife,”Mr.Akiyamasaid.MasayaKurita,a31-year-oldbachelorlivinginTokyostartedthecourseafterlookingforawifeoverthelastsixmonths.“Duringtheself-reflectionpartofthecourseI’verealizedIhaveatendencytohidemyweaknesses.Ihopetobeabletoshowmymorevulnerablesideafterthis,”saidMr.MasayaKurita.第二部分閱讀（共兩節，滿分50分）第一節（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AAtTheRachaelRayFoundationTM(RRF),we’reprettybiganimallovers.Asapartofourwork,wesupportawidevarietyoforganizationsthatdogoodforanimals,fromrescuetocareandmore.Gettoknowafewofthemandtheworkwedotogether.PittsburghAviationAnimalRescueTeamRRFhelpedenablePittsburghAviationAnimalRescueTeam(PAART)topurchaseanewandbiggerplaneforitsrescuemissionswhichbringanimalsfromdangertosafety.Whetheritbeflyingdogsinovercrowdedshelterstonewhomes,savinganimalscaughtinthepathofnaturaldisasters,orbringingsuppliestosheltersinneed,thebravePAARTpilotsarealwaysreadytohelp.NationalDisasterSearchDogFoundationNationalDisasterSearchDogFoundation(SDF)workstofindandtrainshelterdogswhohavethetalentanddrivetobecomesearchandrescueanimals.RRFsupportsSDF’seffortstoidentifyandtransformrescueddogsintorescuers,toprovidelifetimecareforthesedogsandtofindhomesforalldogswhoentertheSDFtrainingprogram.RachaelRaySaveThemAllGrantsThisisaprogramadministeredbyBestFriendsAnimalSociety(BFAS)tosupportBestFriends’networkpartnersintheirlifesavingefforts.Themoneyhasbeenawardedtoorganizationsacrossthecountrytofundinitiativessuchasadoptiondrivesandshelterintakepreventionefforts.NorthShoreAnimalLeagueAmericaDisasterReliefGrantsThisprogram,administeredbyNorthShoreAnimalLeagueAmerica(NSALA),providesmoneyforanimalwelfareorganizationsimpactedbydisasters.RRFisproudtohelpNSALAinitseffortstoidentifyneedsindisastersituationsandprovidetargeted,effectiverelief.21.WhatisspecialaboutPAART?A.Itprovidesnecessitiesfor-animalsinneed. B.Itconductsanimalrescuemissionsbyplane.C.ItissupportedbytheRachaelRayFoundation. D.Itassistsinfindingadoptersforrescuedanimals.22.Whichorganizationisdevotedtotrainingshelteranimalstodorescuework?A.SDF. B.BFAS. C.PAART. D.NSALA.23.Whatdothelasttwoprogramshaveincommon?A.Theybothstronglypromoteanimaladoption.B.TheyarebothinchargeofBestFriendsAnimalSociety.C.Theybothprovidefinancialassistancetoanimalwelfareinitiatives.D.Theyarebothadministeredbywelfareorganizationsimpactedbydisasters.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文。這篇文章主要介紹了RachaelRayFoundation的工作以及他們與一些動物救助組織合作的情況。他們支持各種不同的組織，從營救行動到照顧等等，努力為動物提供保護和幫助。〖答案〗21.B22.A23.C【21題詳析】細節理解題。根據PittsburghAviationAnimalRescueTeam部分中“RRFhelpedenablePittsburghAviationAnimalRescueTeam(PAART)topurchaseanewandbiggerplaneforitsrescuemissionswhichbringanimalsfromdangertosafety.

(RRF幫助匹茲堡航空動物救援隊(PAART)購買了一架更大的新飛機，用于將動物從危險地帶帶到安全地帶的救援任務。)”可知，PAART通過飛機執行動物救援任務。故選B。【22題詳析】細節理解題。根據NationalDisasterSearchDogFoundation部分中“NationalDisasterSearchDogFoundation(SDF)workstofindandtrainshelterdogswhohavethetalentanddrivetobecomesearchandrescueanimals.

(國家災難搜索犬基金會(SDF)致力于尋找和訓練有天賦和動力成為搜索和救援動物的收容所狗。)”可知，SDF致力于尋找和訓練有天賦和動力成為搜索和救援動物的收容所狗。故選A。【23題詳析】細節理解題。根據RachaelRaySaveThemAllGrants部分中“Themoneyhasbeenawardedtoorganizationsacrossthecountrytofundinitiativessuchasadoptiondrivesandshelterintakepreventionefforts.(這筆錢已被授予全國各地的組織，用于資助收養運動和預防收容工作等舉措。)”以及NorthShoreAnimalLeagueAmericaDisasterReliefGrants部分中“Thisprogram,administeredbyNorthShoreAnimalLeagueAmerica(NSALA),providesmoneyforanimalwelfareorganizationsimpactedbydisasters.

(這個項目由美國北岸動物聯盟(NSALA)管理，為受災害影響的動物福利組織提供資金。)”可知，這兩個項目都為動物福利倡議提供財政援助。故選C。BItwasjustafter17:00onamid-SeptembereveningatahistoricalChurchinHarlem,NewYorkCity.Mostlythelow-incomeblackneighborhoodsatatdiningtables.Infrontofthemwasamenulistingthreecourses,whichtheyonlysawonTV.Eachdishwaspreparedwith“leftover”ingredients(食材),offeredfreeofchargeandplacedalongsideabluecardthatread“youareloved”inhand-writtenscript.This-is-oneof14communitycenterscreatedaroundtheworldincitieslikeMilan,Paris,Mérida,Lima,SydneyandnowNewYorkthroughThree-MichelinstarredchefMassimoBottura’sFoodforSoulproject.Hestartedtheprojectin2016withhiswife,LaraGilmore,tohelpfighttheglobalproblemoffoodwaste-byusingingredientsthatmightotherwisebethrownawaybysuppliersandtogivesociallyandeconomicallyvulnerablepeopleaccesstohighqualitymeals.Partneringwitharchitects,artistsandcommunityleaders,theprojectistransformingspaces,whicharenotfullytakenadvantageof,suchaschurchesandevenahistoricalhomeintointentionallydesignedculturalcentersequippedwithkitchens,diningroomsandotherfacilitiesthathelpcreateasenseofwell-being,connectionandinclusion.WhenIaskedBotturawhyhecreatedsuchthoughtful.mealswithinbeautifullyappointedspacesforthelow-income,hetoldmethateveryonedeservesrespectandbeauty-andofcourse,healthyfood.“Theycomeinandarecompletelylostbecausethey’renotusedtocomingintobeautifulplaces,likethis.Butoncethey’rehere,theyrealizethatthisplaceistheirplace.It’snotmyplace,”hesaid.Bottura’sphilosophyisonethatcomesfromtheheart.T-shirtswormbyvolunteersathiscommunitycenterssay“cookingisanactoflove”,andheapproachesthefoodservedtherewithasmuchcareashedoesathisrestaurants—“probablyevenmore”,hesaidsincethedinersareextremelystressedandneedhealthyfoodtofeelbetter.Botturainsiststhatit’simportanttochangethelanguagearoundthefoodservedinhiscommunitycenters.24.Whydoestheauthordescribesuchasceneinthefirstparagraph?A.TointroduceBottura’sproject. B.Toshowtheappealofthedishes.C.Toemphasizethewarmatmosphere. D.Toexplainhowtheeventisorganized.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inparagraph2mean?A.Privileged. B.Independent. C.Conservative. D.Disadvantaged.26.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMassimoBottura?A.Skilledandstrict. B.Caringandconsiderate.C.Wealthyandhumorous. D.Economicalandinfluential.27.WhatfundamentalphilosophydoesMassimoBotturaexpress?A.Respectandbeautyareforall. B.Beautifulplacesinspirerespect.C.Cookingshouldbeaprofession. D.Communitycentersbringpeopletogether.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。這篇文章主要講述了意大利廚師MassimoBottura通過他的FoodforSoul項目，在貧困社區創建社區中心，為弱勢群體提供高質量的餐食。〖答案〗24.A25.D26.B27.A【24題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第一段中“Itwasjustafter17:00onamid-SeptembereveningatahistoricalChurchinHarlem,NewYorkCity.Mostlythelow-incomeblackneighborhoodsatatdiningtables.Infrontofthemwasamenulistingthreecourses,whichtheyonlysawonTV.Eachdishwaspreparedwith“leftover”ingredients(食材),offeredfreeofchargeandplacedalongsideabluecardthatread“youareloved”inhand-writtenscript.(那是9月中旬的一個晚上，剛過17點，在紐約市哈萊姆區一座歷史悠久的教堂里。大多數低收入的黑人都坐在餐桌旁。他們面前是一份菜單，上面有三道菜，他們只在電視上看到過。每一道菜都是用“剩余”的食材準備的，免費提供，旁邊放著一張手寫的藍色卡片，上面寫著“你被愛著”。)”以及第二段中“This-is-oneof14communitycenterscreatedaroundtheworldincitieslikeMilan,Paris,Mérida,Lima,SydneyandnowNewYorkthroughthree-MichelinstarredchefMassimoBottura’sFoodforSoulproject.(通過米其林三星廚師MassimoBottura的FoodforSoul項目，在米蘭、巴黎、姆姆薩里達、利馬、悉尼和紐約等城市建立了14個社區中心，這是其中之一。)”可知，第一段描述場景是為了引出文章要介紹的FoodforSoul項目。故選A。【25題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據劃線詞前面的內容“Hestartedtheprojectin2016withhiswife,LaraGilmore,tohelpfighttheglobalproblemoffoodwaste-byusingingredientsthatmightotherwisebethrownawaybysuppliers(2016年，他和妻子LaraGilmore開始了這個項目，通過使用供應商可能會扔掉的原料，幫助解決全球食物浪費問題)”以及后面的“peopleaccesstohighqualitymeals(人們可以享用高質量的食物)”可知，MassimoBottura和妻子創建項目是通過使用供應商可能會扔掉的原料，幫助解決全球食物浪費問題，并將這些材料為社會和經濟弱勢群體享用高質量的食物，故劃線詞與D選項“Disadvantaged.(貧困的)”為同義詞。故選D。【26題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第二段中“Hestartedtheprojectin2016withhiswife,LaraGilmore,tohelpfighttheglobalproblemoffoodwaste-byusingingredientsthatmightotherwisebethrownawaybysuppliersandtogivesociallyandeconomically

vulnerable

peopleaccesstohighqualitymeals.(他與妻子LaraGilmore于2016年啟動了這個項目，通過使用供應商可能會丟棄的食材，幫助解決全球食物浪費問題，并為社會和經濟弱勢群體提供高質量的膳食。)”以及第三段中“Partneringwitharchitects,artistsandcommunityleaders,theprojectistransformingspaces,whicharenotfullytakenadvantageof,suchaschurchesandevenahistoricalhomeintointentionallydesignedculturalcentersequippedwithkitchens,diningroomsandotherfacilitiesthathelpcreateasenseofwell-being,connectionandinclusion.(該項目與建筑師、藝術家和社區領袖合作，將教堂甚至歷史住宅等未被充分利用的空間轉變為精心設計的文化中心，配有廚房、餐廳和其他設施，有助于創造一種幸福感、聯系感和包容性。)”可知，MassimoBottura通過使用供應商可能會扔掉的原料，幫助解決全球食物浪費問題，并為社會和經濟弱勢群體提供高質量的膳食；并且還與建筑師、藝術家和社區領袖合作，將教堂甚至歷史住宅等未被充分利用的空間轉變為精心設計的文化中心，配有廚房、餐廳和其他設施，有助于創造一種幸福感、聯系感和包容性。由此體現出他是一個關懷和體貼他人的人。故選B。【27題詳析】推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中“WhenIaskedBotturawhyhecreatedsuchthoughtful.mealswithinbeautifullyappointedspacesforthelow-income,hetoldmethateveryonedeservesrespectandbeauty-andofcourse,healthyfood.

(當我問Bottura為什么要創作這么有思想的作品時。他告訴我，每個人都應該得到尊重和美麗，當然，還有健康的食物。)”可知，Bottura做這一切的想法基礎是每個人都應該得到尊重和美麗，即尊重和美屬于所有人。故選A。CInthelate1990s,twopsychologyresearchers,weretalkingabouthowthefemalescientistsintheirlabrespondeddifferentlytostressthanthemendid.Themenwoulddisappearintotheiroffices;thewomenwouldbringcookiestolabmeetingsandbondovercoffee.Forgetfight-or-flight,theyjoked.Thewomenweretendingandbefriending.Thejokestuckinthemindofoneofthewomen,researcherLauraCousinoKlein.Psychologyresearchhassuggestedthatstressleadstoaggression,butthatwasn’therexperience.Womenweremorelikelytowanttotalkwithsomeoneabouttheirstress,spendtimewiththeirlovedones,orchanneltheirstressintocaringforothers.Shewonderedifitwaspossiblethatsciencehadgottenstresswrong.Kleindugdeeperintothescience,andshemadethesurprisingdiscoverythat90percentofthepublishedresearchonstresswasconductedonmales.SoKleinstudiedthesocialsideofstress,especiallyinwomen.Lookingatbothanimalandhumanresearch,shefoundevidencethatstresscanincreasecaring,cooperation,andcompassion(同情).Whilethetend-and-befriendtheorybeganasaninvestigationintothefemaleresponsetostress,itquicklyexpandedtoincludemen.Intimesofstress,bothmenandwomenhavebeenshowntobecomemoretrusting,generous,andwillingtoprotectothers.Thetend-and-befriendtheorydoesn’tsaythatstressalwaysleadstocaring—stresscanindeedmakeusangryanddefensive.Itsimplysaysthatstresscanmakepeoplemorecaring.Andwhenwecareforothers,itactivatessystemsofourbrainthatproducefeelingsofhopeandcourage.IwrotemybookTheUpsideofStresswiththatpurposeinmind:tohelpyoudiscoveryourownstrengthandcompassion.Seeingtheupsideofstressisnotaboutdecidingwhetherstressiseithergoodorbad.It’sabouthowchoosingtoseethegoodinstresscanhelpyoumeetthechallengesinyourlife.Tendingandbefriendingisoneofthebestwaystodothis,andtotransformyourownstressintoacatalyst(催化劑)forcourageandconnection.28.WhatdoesthejokeinparagraphIshow?A.Malescientistsaresmarterthanfemalescientists.B.Femalescientistsarefriendlierthanmalescientists.C.Mentendtoseekatemporaryescapefrompressure.D.Womencareforeachotherwhentheyareunderstress.29.WhydidLaurakeepthejokeinhermind?A.Itdidn’tfitwithherlifeexperience.B.Ithadthesametopicashernewbook.C.Itwentagainstpreviouspsychologyresearch.D.Itindicatedtheinequalitiesbetweenwomenandmen.30.Whatdoweknowaboutthetend-and-befriendtheory?A.Itisapplicabletobothmenandwomen. B.Itsuggestsstressalwaysleadstocaring.C.Itprovesthefight-or-flightresponsewrong. D.Itshowsmenaremoredefensivethanwomen.31.Whatdoestheauthor’sbookaimtodo?A.Provideevidenceforherresearch.B.Explainthefight-or-flightresponse.C.Makesuggestionsonhowtorespondtostresspositively.D.Demonstratewomen’sandmen’sdifferentresponsestostress.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。女性在面臨壓力時會互相關心，這種“照顧與友善”理論同樣適用于男性。〖答案〗28.D29.C30.A31.C【28題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第一段中“Themenwoulddisappearintotheiroffices;thewomenwouldbringcookiestolabmeetingsandbondovercoffee.Forgetfight-or-flight,theyjoked.Thewomenweretendingandbefriending.(這些人會消失在他們的辦公室里。女人們會帶著餅干參加實驗室會議，并通過咖啡增進感情。她們開玩笑說，忘記戰斗或逃跑吧。婦女們在照顧和友善。)”可推知，第一段中的笑話說明了女性在面臨壓力時會互相關心。故選D。【29題詳析】細節理解題。根據第二段“Thejokestuckinthemindofoneofthewomen,researcherLauraCousinoKlein.Psychologyresearchhassuggestedthatstressleadstoaggression,butthatwasn’therexperience..(這個笑話深深地印在了其中一位女性研究員勞拉·庫西諾·克萊因(LauraCousinoKlein)的腦海中。心理學研究表明壓力會導致攻擊性，但她的經歷并非如此。)”可知，勞拉把這個笑話記在了心里是因為它與之前的心理學研究很不同，它違背了之前的心理學研究。故選C。【30題詳析】細節理解題。根據第四段“Whilethetend-and-befriendtheorybeganasaninvestigationintothefemaleresponsetostress,itquicklyexpandedtoincludemen.Intimesofstress,bothmenandwomenhavebeenshowntobecomemoretrusting,generous,andwillingtoprotectothers.(雖然“照顧與交友”理論最初是為了研究女性對壓力的反應，但它很快就擴展到包括男性。在壓力時期，男性和女性都會變得更加信任、慷慨并愿意保護他人。)”可知，“照顧與友善”理論適用于男性和女性。故選A。【31題詳析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“IwrotemybookTheUpsideofStresswiththatpurposeinmind:tohelpyoudiscoveryourownstrengthandcompassion.Seeingtheupsideofstressisnotaboutdecidingwhetherstressiseithergoodorbad.It’sabouthowchoosingtoseethegoodinstresscanhelpyoumeetthechallengesinyourlife.Tendingandbefriendingisoneofthebestwaystodothis,andtotransformyourownstressintoacatalyst( 催化劑 )forcourageandconnection.(我寫《壓力的好處》一書就是為了這個目的：幫助你發現自己的力量和同情心。看到壓力的好處并不是要決定壓力是好還是壞。這是關于如何選擇在壓力中看到好處可以幫助您應對生活中的挑戰。照顧和交友是最好的方法之一，并將你自己的壓力轉化為勇氣和聯系的催化劑。)”可推知，作者寫這本書的目的是就如何積極應對壓力提出建議。故選C。DItwaslongtheorizedthatpeoplemakedecisionsbasedonintegratedglobalcalculationsthatoccurwithinthefrontalcortex(額葉皮層)ofthebrain,whichisconsideredtheseatofhigher-orderthinking.However,Yaleresearchershavefoundthatthreedistinctbraincircuitsfromthefrontalcortexconnectingtodifferentbrainregionsareinvolvedinmakinggooddecisions,badones,anddeterminingwhichofthosepastchoicestostoreinmemory.Thestudyofdecision-makinginratsmayhelpscientistsfindtherootsofflaweddecision-makingcommontomentalhealthdisorderssuchasaddiction,theauthorssay.Theyused-anewtooltomanipulate(操縱)braincircuitsinratswhiletheyweremakingchoicesbetweenactionsthatledtothemreceivingrewardsornorewards.Iftheratsmadetherightdecision,onethatendedinareward,oneofthebraincircuitswasactivated,butanotherwasactivatediftheratsmadethewrongchoiceandreceivednoreward.Thethirdcircuitstoredpastexperiencesanddecisionstohelptheratswithfuturechoices.StephanieGroman,leadauthoroftheresearchsays,“Acomparisonwouldbedecidingonarestaurantfordinner.Forinstance,withoutthe‘goodchoice’circuityoumaynotreturntotherestaurantwithgoodfoodandwithoutthe‘badchoice’circuityoumightnotavoidtherestaurantwithbadfood.Thethird‘memory’circuitiscrucialinmakingdecisionssuchaswhethertoreturntotherestaurantafterreceivingonebadmealafterseveralgoodones.”Changesinthesecircuitsmayhelpexplainatypicalfeatureofaddiction—whypeoplecontinuetomakeharmfulchoicesevenafterrepeatednegativeexperiences.TheYaleresearcherspreviouslyshowedthatsomeofthesamebraincalculationsweredisrupted(擾亂)inanimalsthathadtakenmethamphetamine.“Becauseweusedatestthatissimilartothoseusedinstudiesofhumandecisionmaking,ourfindingshavedirectrelevancetohumansandcouldaidinthesearchfornoveltreatmentsforsubstanceabuseinhumans,”Gromansaid.32.HowwasYale’sresearchdifferentfromtheprevioustheory?A.Itdefinedthefunctionofdifferentbrainregions.B.Itidentifiedspecificcircuitsinvolvedindecision-making.C.Itfocusedontheconnectionbetweenchoicesandmemories.D.Ithighlightedtheroleofthefrontalcortexinhigher-orderthinking.33.WhatcanbeinferredfromStephanieGroman’swords?A.Memoriesarerelatedtoallthethreecircuits.B.Peoplebasetheirdecisionsonpersonalpreferences.C.Thethreecircuitsareallofvitalimportanceinmakingdecisions.D.Thecircuitrelatedtorewardsisthefoundationofdecidingwisely.34.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlyfocuson?A.Thelimitationsofthepresentstudy. B.Adescriptionoftheresearchmethod.C.Apossiblereasonforthestudyfindings. D.Thepotentialapplicationoftheconclusion.35.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowpeoplegetaddictedandcuredB.HowmakingdecisionsinfluencesourbrainC.HowourbraindevelopswhenfacingchoicesD.Howthebrainhelpsusmakegooddecisionsandbadones【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了大腦中的三個回路如何幫助我們做出好或壞的決定。〖答案〗32.B33.C34.D35.D【32題詳析】細節理解題。根據第一段中“However,Yaleresearchershavefoundthatthreedistinctbraincircuitsfromthefrontalcortexconnectingtodifferentbrainregionsareinvolvedinmakinggooddecisions,badones,anddeterminingwhichofthosepastchoicestostoreinmemory.(然而，耶魯大學的研究人員發現，從額葉皮層連接到不同大腦區域的三個不同的大腦回路參與了做出好的決定和壞的決定，以及決定將哪些過去的選擇存儲在記憶中。)”可知，耶魯大學的研究與之前不同在于它確定了參與決策的特定回路。故選擇B項。【33題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第三段中“Acomparisonwouldbedecidingonarestaurantfordinner.Forinstance,withoutthe‘goodchoice’circuityoumaynotreturntotherestaurantwithgoodfoodandwithoutthe‘badchoice’circuityoumightnotavoidtherestaurantwithbadfood.Thethird‘memory’circuitiscrucialinmakingdecisionssuchaswhethertoreturntotherestaurantafterreceivingonebadmealafterseveralgoodones.(一個比較是決定在一家餐廳用餐。例如，如果沒有“好的選擇”循環，可能不會的回到食物好吃餐廳；如果沒有“壞的選擇”回路，你可能無法避開帶食物不好的餐廳。第三個“記憶”回路在做出決定時至關重要，比如在吃了幾頓好飯之后，是否要回到餐廳。)”可知這三個回路對于我們作出決定都有著至關重要的影響，故選擇C項。【34題詳析】主旨大意題。根據最后一段中“Becauseweusedatestthatissimilartothoseusedinstudiesofhumandecisionmaking,ourfindingshavedirectrelevancetohumansandcouldaidinthesearchfornoveltreatmentsforsubstanceabuseinhumans(因為我們使用的測試與人類決策研究中使用的測試相似，我們的發現與人類有直接相關性，有助于尋找治療人類藥物濫用的新方法)”可知本段主要講述的是研究結論的潛在應用。故選擇D項。【35題詳析】主旨大意題。根據第一段中“Yaleresearchershavefoundthatthreedistinctbraincircuitsfromthefrontalcortexconnectingtodifferentbrainregionsareinvolvedinmakinggooddecisions,badones,anddeterminingwhichofthosepastchoicestostoreinmemory.(耶魯大學的研究人員發現，從額葉皮層連接到不同大腦區域的三個不同的大腦回路參與了做出好的決定和壞的決定，以及決定將過去的哪些選擇存儲在記憶中)”可知本文主要講述的是大腦如何幫助我們作出好或壞的決定，故選擇D項。第二節（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。GetBetteratSayingNoWhenrejectingarequest,“no”isashort,simplewordthatcancauseanxietyforthepersontryingtosayit.Thefollowingstrategiescanhelpyougetbetteratsayingno.Beintentionalaboutwhatyoucommunicate.____36____Sure,b