2019年6月大學英語四級真題及答案解析完整版

PartIWriting（30minutes）

請于正式開考后半〃'時內完成該部分，之后將進行聽力考試。

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanewsreporttoyourschoolnewspaperonavolunteer

activity

organizedbyyourStudentUniontohelpelderlypeopleintheneighborhood.Youshouldwriteatleast120words

notmore

than180words.

【范文】

YoungVolunteersVisitedaNursingHome

VolunteersfromouruniversityvisitedanursinghomelocatedinHangzhouonJune14th,whichwashighly

appraised

bytheelderlythere.

Uponthestudents'arrival,tearsofjoyglistenedintheseniors'eyeswhenthe

youngstudentsprese

well-preparedgifts.Then,thestudentstalkedtothemone-on-onewithkindness.Boththeyouthandtheaged

werewilling

tosharetheirlifestories,immersinginanatmosphereofjoy.Whenitwastimefortheyoungsterstoleave,

theelderly

thankedthemoverandoveragain.Andthevolunteersexpressedthattheylearnedalotandwereallstunnedby

the

optimismtheirelderlyfriendshadfortheirfuture.

AccordingtoWinstonChurchill,aBritishstatesman,uwemakealivingbywhatweget,

butwemakealifeby

wegive."Thevisitnotonlyenrichestheseniors'dailylife,butalsoprovidestheyouth

withanopportunitytolearn

importantlifelessonsfromtheelderlyresidents.ByAria,schoolnewspaper

【點評】

寫作試題是考查考生綜合運用英語語言的能力，四級寫作試題對考生的要求也越來越高。今年考查了新聞報道

這一新的文章體裁，這也就意味著出題人更加強調學生把考場作文和真實生活中的寫作聯系在一起，對于學生觀察

生活的能力提出了更高的要求-注意到新聞的格式和內容安排的特點。一方面，新畫報道需要寫出標題和落款，

標題注意簡潔明了，落款既要寫出人名還要按照新聞報道的格式寫出bysb.,最后還要寫出所在的新聞機構。另一

方面，在內容上，分三段進行寫作，第一段寫導語，點明事件的基本情況（時間、地點、事件、人物、目的或意義）

第二段寫經過（一般按照時間順序進行書寫，同時可以對其中一個小事進行特寫，中間還可以穿插人物采訪）；第三段

寫對這一事件，人物的看法、想法和觀點。

在體裁上雖然不同于以往四級命題的規律，但是萬變不離其宗的是仍然把學生對英語語言能力的運用能力作為

考查重點。綜觀近五年的四級寫作命題趨勢，無論是要說明理由、解釋原因、闡明影響，第一段的功能始終都是引

入，這跟新聞報道的第一段寫導語是一致的，所以考生可以結合以往作文的行文思路作為切入點書寫新聞報道。第

二段是濃墨重彩的一段，而新聞報道與普通作文的區別是更側重事實，所以要求考生在書寫的時候只需要客觀寫出

事情的起因、經過、結果即可。第三段無論是以往的作文還是新聞報道，都需要給出總結（對事件的看法和觀點），

在新聞報道的結尾段作出對事件的評價和寫出所的感悟就可以了。

今年考查的話題是養老院、農場和當地小學，與考生的生活比較貼近，在寫作時，列舉的例子應較為典型，這

樣閱卷老師很容明白考生文中所描述的內容。同時，考生對這個例子也應很熟悉，能夠熟練運用一些有關的詞或短

語，這樣下筆時才會有話可說，從而將相關的背景知識與正確的語言表達有效地結合起來。這些話題與大學生的生

活息息相關。這些話題對于考生而言都會有話可說，并且能夠提出一定的看法和觀點。

Part2ListeningComprehension（25minutes）

本次四級聽力難度適中，就聽力文本的主題而言，難度略有下降。因為今年這套聽力的內容和大學生生活較為

貼近，主題以校園，生活類為主，沒有難度較大的政治，經濟，科技，科普之類的主題，因而，對聽力較好的同學

而言，應該會感受到比往年題目聽到的生詞少。

但題目設置上的難度并沒有降低（沒有題目，紅色字體為猜測出題點）o由于目前還沒有試卷選項，單就原文和

出題位置來看，出題位置符合“頭尾重點"邏'輯”處等考點，考生在應試時若把握好這這些內容，應能較快反應出對

應的答案。

SectionA

Newsreport1

此篇新聞是關于一個從舊金山游到Alktrask島嶼的9歲男孩，首發于2016年1月美聯社的報道。這屬于社會

新聞，是新聞中聽懂難度較低的一種。但這篇新聞存在較多地點專有名詞，可能會對考生在聽力中造成影響。

1.新聞主旨題。重點聽開頭前兩句。2.新聞細節題。

2019年6月大學英語四級真題及答案解析完整版

A9-year-oIdcentralCaliforniaboybravedstrongcurrentsandcoldwatertoswimfromSanFranciscoto

Alcatraz

Islandandback.ACaliforniatelevisionstationEnfresno,reportedTuesdaythatJimSavage,setarecordasthe

youngest

swimmertomakethejourneytotheformerprison.TheTVstationreportedthatbycompletingtheswim,the

fourthgrade

studentfromLosbaniosbrokearecordpreviouslyheldbya1O-year-oldboy.JimsaidthatwavesintheSan

FranciscoBay

hittinghimintheface30minutesintothisswim,madehimwanttogiveup.Hisfathersaid,hehadofferedhis

son100

dollarsasareward.Toencouragehisstrugglingson,hedoubleditto200dollars.Jamespushedforward,making

itto

AlcatrazIslandandbackinalittlemorethan2hours.Alcatrazisoveramilefromthemainland.

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.WhatdidtheboyfromcentralCaliforniadoaccordingtoreport?

2.Whatdidthefatherdotoencouragehisson?

Newsreport2

這篇新聞講述了大家比較熟悉的事件，關于我國將取消晚婚假。內容生詞較少，對于考生聽懂的難度應該不高。

1.考察新聞中’原因”要素。由于是此篇新聞的第一題，考點句仍然落在頭兩句。

2.結尾處+轉折處考點。

OnthefirstJanuary,newregulationswerecomingtoafactwhicheliminatedanannualleavebonusfor

peoplewhoput

offmarriageuntiltheageof23forwomenand25formen,theSouthChinamorningpostreports.Theholiday

bonuswasto

designtoencourageyoungpeopletodelaygettingmarried,inlineswithChina-childpolicy,butwithJthse

cjnoelicynow

beenabolished,thisholidayincentiveisnolongernecessary.

Thegovernmentsays.Inshanghai,theyoungcoupleattheregistrationofficetoldthepaperthatthey

decidedto

registertheirmarriageassoonaspossibletotakeadvantageoftheexistingpolicy.Becauseanextraholiday

wasabigdeal

forthem.InBeijing,oneregistrationofficehadabout300couplesseekingtogetmarriedthedayafterthe

changeswere

announced.Ratherthantheusualnumber,oftenbetween70and80,butonelawyertellthepaperthechanges

stillhaveto

beadoptedbylocalgovernmentsandthisprocedurestaketime,sopeoplewhoarerushingforamarriagecan

relax.

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.WhatwaspurposeoftheannualleavebonusofChina?

4.Whatdowelearnaboutthenewregulations?

Newreport3

這篇新聞新西蘭兩個女傭創業，專門負責清理家庭聚會后的殘局。

1.主旨題。.考點句位于開頭處。3.結尾考點。

Everyonelovesagoodhouseparty,butthecleaningupinthenextmorningisn'tas

enjoyable.Nowh

Zealandbasedstartupcompanyaimstobringmessyhomesandevensplittingheadachesbacktonormal.The

properly

namedstartupMorningAfterMaids,waslaunchedabout1monthagoinAucklandbyroom-maidsRebeccaFollyand

CatherineAshers.Asidefromcleaningup,thetwowillalsocookbreakfastandevengetcoffeeandpainkillers

for

recoveringmerrymakers.Althoughtheyarebothgainfullyemployed,theydidcleaningjobsintotheirnightsand

weekends

whichiswhentheirserviceisinmostdemandanyway.

Besidesbeingflattedwithrequestfromacrossthecountry,FollyandAshershavealsoreceivedrequestfrom

theUS

andCanadatoprovidetheservicesthere,theyarereportedlymeetingwithlawyerstoseehowbesttotakethe

business

forward,

Question5—7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?

6.whatisthecommonproblemofthehouseparty?

7.whatareRebeccaFollyandCatherinAshishplanningtodo?

LongConversation1

長對話

這篇長對話生活類題材，話題也是大家非常熟悉的考駕照。是兩人就男生的駕考進行對話，男生是對話的核心，

回答女生的問題。

1.細節題。答案在對話開頭處。2.細節題。3.細節題。4.細節題。

W:Carl,howdidyourdriver'stheoryexamgo?Itwasyesterday,right?

2019年6月大學英語四級真題及答案解析完整版

M:Yes,I'vepreparedasmuchasIcould.ButIwassonervoussinceitwasmysecondtrial.Thepeople

whoworked

atthetestcenterwereverykindthough.Wehadalittleconversationwhichcalmedmedownabit,andthatwas

justwhatI

needed.Then,aftertheexam,theyprintedoutmyresult.ButIwasafraidtoopenituntilIwasoutside.Iwas

sucharelief

thatIpassed.

W:Congratulations!Iknewyoucoulddoit.Ithinkyouunderestimatedhowdifficultitwouldbethefirst

time,didn

you?Ihearalotofpeoplemakethatmistakeandgoinunderprepared.Butgoodjobinpassingthesecondtime.

I

proudofyou.Now,allyouhavetodonextisyourroadtest.Haveyouhadanylessonsyet?

M:Yes,thanks.Imsohappytobeactuallyontheroadnow.I'veonlyhadtwo

drivinglessonssofar,an

instructorisveryunderstanding.So,I'mreallyenjoyingit.Ican'

ns^sasreiamther

expensive.20poundsanhour,andtheinstructorsaysI'11needabove30-40lessons8

ihntadtarel,dtat

pounds.So,thistime,I'11needtomakealotmoreeffort,andhopefully,Iime.'11

besuccessfulthefirstt

W:Well,goodluck.

Questions8-11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.Whatdidthemandoyesterday?

9.Whydidhefailtheexamthefirsttime?

10.Whatdoesthemansayabouthisdrivinglessons?

11.Whatdoesthemanhopetodonext?

LongConversation2

這篇對話是校園場景類的對話，出現了很多往年校園場景類對話中出現過的詞匯。對話內容是兩個學生在討論

他們的學習和畢業后的工作。開頭題，考點句就在第一輪對話的問句里。細節題，這輪對話是女生提問，男生回答，

重點聽男生說話，不難發現only所在的句子。細節題。和第二題同一輪對話，所以重點仍然是男生說自己，或者

女生說對方的內容。最后一輪對話是男生提問，所以重點聽女生。關注but轉折后的內容。

M:Emma,I'vegotacceptedtotheuniversityofLeads.Sinceyou'regoingto

universityinEngland,doyo

muchitisforinternationalstudentstostudythere?

W:Congratulations.Yes,Ibelieveforinternationalstudents,you'11havetopay

around13,000pounds

abitmorethanthelocalstudents.

M:OK,that'sabout17,000dollarsforthetuitionandfees.Anyway,I'monly

goingtobethereforay

masters.Soitsprettygood.IfIstayedintheU.S.,itdtake2years,andscinostutiat

itolneaslotrfeQ,ODLdliar

haveagoodchanceofwinningascholarshipatLeads,whichwouldbeprettyawesome,thebenefitofbeinga

musicgenius.

W:Yeah,Iheardyouareatalentedpianoplayer.Soyouaredoingapost-graduatedegreenow?

I'irmnsytiHast

year,graduatingnextJune.Finally,I11bedonewithmystudies,andcouldgoontoearning

lotsofmoney.

M:Areyoustillplanningonbeingateacher?Nomoneyatthatjobthen.

W:You'dbesurprised,I'mstillgoingtobeateadiepr.la&ntisthtoeworkataninternationalschool

overseas,after

IgetayearorsoexperienceinEngland.It'sbetterpaid,andIgettotravel,whichreminds

meI

I'vegotsomedocumentsIneedtoprintoutfirst.I'vegottorun.

Questions12-15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?

13.Whatisthemangoingtodo?

14.Whatmightqualifythemanforascholarshipattheleadsuniversity?

15.Whatisthewomanplanningtodoaftergraduation?

Passage1

短文第一篇是說明介紹性的文章，介紹了螞蟻，著重介紹了對于人類房屋有危害的螞蟻品種。文章主旨題，答

案出現在聽力開篇處。第二題的出現位置較后，需要考生保持耐心。聽到“inaddition的”時候緊張起來，就能聽到

答案句最后一道題往往出在結尾處。反復出現的信息。

原文：

Scientistshaveidentifiedthousandsofknownantsspeciesaroundtheworld.Andonlyafewofthembug

humans.

Mostantsliveinthewoods,oroutinnature.There,theykeepothercreaturesincheck,distributeseeds,and

cleandeadand

decayingmaterialsfromtheground.Averysmallpercentageofantsdoharmtohumans.Butthoseareincredibly

2019年6月大學英語四級真題及答案解析完整版

challengingtocontrol.Theyaresmallenoughtoeasilyslipinsideyourhouse.Liveincoloniesthatnumberin

thetensof

thousandstothehundredsofthousands,andreproducequickly.Thatmakesthemgoodatgettingin,andhardto

kickout.

Oncetheysettlein,theseinsectsstartaffectingyourhome.Inadditiontobargingants,otherspeciescan

causedifferent

kindsofdamage.Some,likecarpenterants,canundermineahomestructure,whileothersinterferewiththe

electricalunits.

Unfortunately,ourhomesareveryattractivetoants,becauseitprovideseverythingthecolonyneedsto

survive,such

asfood,water,andshelter.So,howcanwepreventantsfromgettingintoourhomes?Mostimportantofall,

avoidgiving

antsanyaccesstofood,particularlysugaryfood,becauseantshaveasweettooth.Wealsoneedtocleanup

spillsassoonas

theyoccur,andstorefoodinair-tightcontainers.Evengarbageattractsants,soemptyyourtrashasoftenas

possible.And

storeyouroutsidegarbageinaliddedcan,whileawayfromdoorsandwindows.

Questions16-18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

16.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutants?

17.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcarpenterants?

18.Whatcanwedotopreventantsfromgettingintoourhomes?

Passage2

短文第2篇是一篇自述，介紹了‘我”在老年保健領域的研究工作。體裁接近下午六級sectionCo文章主旨題，

答案出現在聽力開篇處，第一句話直接出答案，在開頭走神的考生很容易失去第一道題的答案。細節題。細節題，

和第2題的位置很接近。但通過反復聽到的“old”和‘health,"不港逢嗒案。

原文：

Myresearchfocusisonwhathappenstoourimmunesystemasweage.Sothejoboftheimmunesystemisto

fight

infections.Italsoprotectsusfromvirusesandfromautoimmunediseases.Weknowthataswegetolder,it，s

easierforusto

getaffections.Soolderadultshavemorechancesoffallingill.Thisisevidencethatourimmunesystemreally

doesn，t

functionsowellwhenweage.Inmostofourwork,whenwewerelookingatolderadults

who'vegota

havetohavehealthcontrols.SoweworkverycloselywithagreatgroupofvolunteerscalledtheOneThousand

Elders,

thesevolunteersareall65orover,butingoodhealth.Theycometotheuniversitytoprovideuswithblood

samplestobe

interviewedandtohelpustocarryoutawholerangeofresearch.Therealimpactofourresearchisgoingto

beonhealthin

oldage.Atthemoment,wearelivingmuchlonger.Lifeexpectancyisincreasingat2yearsforeverydecade,

thatmeansan

extra5hoursaday.Iwanttomakesurethatolderadultsarestillabletoenjoytheiroldage,andthatthey

arenotspending

timeinhospitalwithinfection.Fellingunwellandbeinggenerallyweakwewantpeopletobehealthyevenwhen

theyare

old.

Questions19-21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.Whatisthefocusofthespeaker'sresearch?

20.Whatarethevolunteersareaskedtodointheresearch?

21.Whatdoesthespeakersaywillbetheimpactofhisresearch?

Passage3

短文第3篇是記敘文，人物故事題。介紹了一個老師在小學教授國際象棋的事，也介紹了這所小學的教學特點。

介紹學校和人物故事是四級短文出現很多次的類型。

1.第一題答案仍然出現在聽力開篇處，第一句話直接出答案。2.細節題。3.細節題4.細節題。

WhenTedKomadastartedteaching14yearsagoatKilipElementary,hedidn'tknowhow

tomanageacl

wasstrugglingtoconnectwithstudents,henoticedacoupleofdaysafterschoolthatagroupofkidwouldget

togetherto

playchess."Iknowhowtoplaychess,letmegoandshowthesekidshowtodoit,

hesaid.Now,Kom

school'schessteam.Thewholeprogramstartedasasafeplaceforkidstocomeafterschool.Andthisweek,

dozensof

thosestudentsaregettingreadytoheadouttoNashvilleTennesseetocompetewithabout5000otheryoung

peopleatthe

SuperNationalsofChess.Thecompetitiononlyhappenseveryfouryears,andthelasttimetheteamwent,they

wonthe

thirdplaceinthenation.KomadasaysChessgiveshimandhisstudentscontrol.Theschoolhasthehighest

numberofkids

fromlow-incomefamilies.Policefrequenttheareadayandnight.As2monthsago,ayoungmanwasshotjust

downthe

street.Komadalikestoteachhisstudentsthattheyshouldthinkabouttheirmovebeforetheydoit.The

lessonsproved

valuableoutsidetheclassroomaswell.Manyparentsseetheselessonstranslateintotherealworld.Students

aremorelikely

tothinkabouttheiractionsandseewhethertheywillleadtotrouble.

2019年6月大學英語四級真題及答案解析完整版

Questions22-25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.WhatdidTedKomadanoticeonedayafterhestartedteachingatKilipElementary?

23.WhataredozensofstudentsfromKomada'sschoolgoingtodothisweek?

24.WhatdowelearnaboutthestudentsofKilipElementary?

25.WhathavethestudentslearnedfromKomada?

PartinReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordfor

eachblankfroma

listofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemaking

yourchoices.

Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonANSWER

SHEET2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Shipsareoftensunkinordertocreateunderwaterreefs(暗礁)perfectforscubadriving(水肺式潛泳)

andpreserving

marine26.Turkishauthoritieshavejustsunksomethingalittledifferentthanaship,andit

wouldn'tnormallyevertouch

water,anAirbusA300.Thehollowed-outA300was27ofeverythingpotentiallyharmfultotheenvironmentand

sunkoff

theAegeancoasttoday/Notonlywillthesunkenplane28theperfectskeletonforartificialreefgrowth,but

authorities

hopethisnewunderwaterattractionwillbringtouristtothearea.

Theplane29atotallengthof54meters,whereexperiencedscubadiverswill30beabletoventurethrough

thecabin

andaroundtheplane's31.Aydiicniitryboughttheplanefromaprivatecompanyforjustunder

US$100,000,but

theyhopetoseeareturnonthat32throughthetourismindustry.TourismthroughoutTurkeyisexpectedto

fallthisyearas

thecountryhasbeenthe33ofseveraldeadlyterroristattacks.Asfarassunkenplanesgo,thisAirbusA300is

thelargest34

sunkaircraftever.

Takingatripunderwaterand35theinsideofasunkenA300wouldbequiteanadventure,andthatis

exactlywhat

Turkishauthoritiesarehopingthisattractionwillmakepeoplethink.Drawinginadventureseekersand

experienceddivers,

thisnewartificialAirbusreefwillbeascubadiver天堂).’sparadise(

A)createB)depressedC)eventuallyD)ExperiencesE)exploringF)exteriorG)habitatsH)innovate

I)intentionallyJ)investmentK)revealingL)stretches

M)strippedN)territory0)victim

答案：26.G27.M28.A29.L30.C31.F32.J33.034.I35.E

【答案解析】

26.根據空格位置，marine此處形容詞，可判斷出26題應為名詞。marine的意思是“海生的，海運的”固定搭

配

umarinehabitat海洋棲’息地。所以本題答案為"G'habita棲息地

27.根據空格位置，詞性應該為動詞的被動態。本篇文章對A300持有肯定態度，所以此句想表達“A300對環

境沒有任何潛在的壞處，故答案應為,"bestripped意f為"錄存'。

28.此題空格前有“will所以，此處應填動詞原形。選項中動詞原形有“A”和甘根，據句意得知，沉沒的飛

機可

以讓人工珊瑚長的更好。所以本題答案為“A"，create創’造產生

29.此處應填動詞原形，主語為“plane,"故謂語動詞應為單三形式。所以答案是“L"，stretch意為‘延|申”，

止攸h

指“飛機機身總長為54米'o

30.此處應填副詞，用來修飾后面的"beabletoventure答案應鎖定在"Ceventual希"L"intentionao

lly這句話

的意思是水肺式潛水者能夠在船輪內冒險。故選項"C'eventually顆地”，更符合句意。

31.此處應填名詞形式，因為空格前為“Plane'。名s”詡頤有“F和'N'。空格處前半句是時候水肺式潛水者能

夠在船艙內冒險，所以后半句應該為他們也可以在船艙外面冒險。故答案為exterio外部“，施”。

32.因為空格前為“onthat所以.此處應為名詞。本句話的大意是：買這架飛機花了很多錢，所以他們希望通過

旅游業能夠看到自己投資的回報。所以答案為“J"investmen投資“'。

33.此處應填名詞形式。空格后的內容為“嚴重的致命恐廂襲擊”，所以空格處應為victim受，"。故答案為

“戈

34.此處應為副詞形式。因為副詞修飾形容詞"largest。副’詞只"I"intentional葡目的性地，故意地，修

飾后

面sunk,所以本題答案為“I。”

2019年6月大學英語四級真題及答案解析完整版

M

35.此.題應為v.-ing形式，與and前的takingatripunderwater保持并o"E"exploring"K"revealin都

是v.-ing

形式。根據本句句意，"E'exploring德“"更符合句意。本句話的意思是“水下旅行和探索沉沒的A300的內部都會

是一場冒險

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Each

statementcontains

informationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.You

maychoose

aparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthe

corresponding

letteronAnswerSheet2.

ResilienceIsAboutHowYouRecharge,NotHowYouEndure

[A]Asconstanttravelersandparentsofa2-year-old,wesometimesfantasizeabouthowmuchworkwecando

when

oneofusgetsonaplane,undistractedbyphones,friends,ormovies.Weracetogetallourgroundworkdone:

packing,

goingthroughsecurity,doingalast-minuteworkcall,callingeachother,thenboardingtheplane.Then,when

wetryto

havethatamazingworksessioninflight,wegetnothingdone.Evenworse,afterrefreshingouremailorreading

thesame

studiesoverandover,wearetooexhaustedwhenwelandtosoldieronwith（繼續處理）theemailsthathave

inevitablystill

piledup.

[B]Whyshouldflyingdepleteus?We'rejustsittingtheredoingnothing,more

resilie*n1t（有

復原力的）anddeterminedinourworksowecanaccomplishallofthegoalswesetforourselves?Basedonour

current

research,wehavecometorealizethattheproblemisnotourhecticscheduleortheplanetravelitself;the

problemcomes

fromamisconceptionofwhatitmeanstoberesilient,andtheresultingimpactofoverworking.

[C]Weoftentakeamilitaristic,“tough”approachtoresilienceanddeterminationlikea

Marinepullinghimself

throughthemud,aboxergoingonemoreround,orafootballplayerpickinghimselfupoffthegroundforone

moreplay.

Webelievethatthelongerwetoughitout,thetougherweare,andthereforethemoresuccessfulwewillbe.

However,this

entireconceptionisscientificallyinaccurate.

[D]Theverylackofarecoveryperiodisdramaticallyholdingbackourcollectiveabilitytoberesilient

andsuccessful.

Researchhasfoundthatthereisadirectcorrelationbetweenlackofrecoveryandincreasedincidenceofhealth

andsafety

problems.Andlackofrecovery-whetherbydisruptingsleepwiththoughtsofworkorhavingcontinuous

cognitivearousal

bywatchingourphones-iscostingourcompanies$62billionayearinlostproductivity.

[E]Andjustbecauseworkstops,itdoesnareret（nmeffriWe“stop”worksometimesat

5pm,butthenwe

spendthenightwrestlingwithsolutionstoworkproblems,talkingaboutourworkoverdinner,andfalling

asleepthinking

abouthowmuchworkwe11dotomorrow.Inastudyjustreleased,recdiasarsfromNorwayfoundthat7.8%of

Norwegianshavebecomeworkaholics（工作狂）.Thescientistsciteadefinitionof

Mworkaholism"asbeing

concernedaboutwork,drivenbyanuncontrollableworkmotivation,andinvestingsomuchtimeandeffortinwork

thatit

impairsotherimportantlifeareas.

[F]WebelievethatthenumberofpeoplewhofitthatdefinitionincludesthemajorityofAmericanworkers,

which

promptedustobeginastudyofworkaholismintheU.S.Ourstudywillusealargecorporatedatasetfroma

majormedical

companytoexaminehowtechnologyextendsourworkinghoursandthusinterfereswithnecessarycognitive

recovery,

resultinginhugehealthcarecostsandturnovercostsforemployers.

[G]Themisconceptionofresilienceisoftenbredfromanearlyage.Parentstryingtoteachtheirchildren

resilience

mightcelebrateahighschoolstudentstayingupuntil3amtofinishasciencefairproject.Whatadistortion

ofresilience!A

resilientchildisawell-restedone.Whenanexhaustedstudentgoestoschool,heriskshurtingeveryoneonthe

roadwithhis

impaireddriving;hedoesn'thavethecognitiveresourcestodowellonhisEnglishtest;hehasIcr

w^enrtsrciellfkLthhis

friends;andathome,heismoodywithhisparents.Overworkandexhaustionaretheoppositeofresilienceand

thebad

habitsweacquirewhenwe'reyoungonlymagnifywhenwehittheworkforce.

[H]AsJimLoehrandTonySchwartzhavewritten,ifyouhavetoomuchtimeintheperformancezone,youneed

more

timeintherecoveryzone,otherwiseyouriskburnout.Gatheringyourresourcesto

“tryhard”require

ordertoovercomeyourcurrentlylowarousallevel.Italsoworsensexhaustion.Thusthemoreimbalancedwe

becomedue

tooverworking,themorevaluethereisinactivitiesthatallowustoreturntoastateofbalance.Thevalue

ofarecovery

periodrisesinproportiontotheamountofworkrequiredofus.

2019年6月大學英語四級真題及答案解析完整版

[I]Sohowdowerecoverandbuildresilience?Mostpeopleassumethatifyoustopdoingatasklike

answeringemails

orwritingapaper,yourbrainwillnaturallyrecover,sothatwhenyoustartagainlaterinthedayorthenext

morning,you'11

haveyourenergyback.Butsurelyeveryonereadingthishashadtimeswhenyoulieinbedforhours,unableto

fallasleep

becauseyourbrainisthinkingaboutwork.Ifyoulieinbedforeighthours,youmayhaverested,butyoucan

stillfeel

exhaustedthenextday.That'sbecauserestandrecoveryarenotthesamething.

[J]Ifyou'retryingitlodbreusilieneeatwork,youneedadequateinternalandexternalrecoveryperiods

As

researchersZijlstra,CropleyandRydstedtwriteintheir2014paper:uInternal

recoveryreferstotheshorter

relaxationthattakeplacewithintheframesofthew