能源與動(dòng)力工程專業(yè)英語詞匯整理（Chapter1~5）1.1Thermodynamicsthermodynamics熱力學(xué)condensor冷凝器heatengine熱機(jī)evaporator蒸發(fā)器heatpump熱泵controlvolume(CV）控制體積entropy熵refrigerant制冷劑enthalpy焓saturated飽和的HVAC(HeatingVentilatingAirConditioning)供暖通風(fēng)空調(diào)1.2HeatTransferFourier'sLaw傅立葉定律heat-transfercoefficient傳熱系數(shù)evaporator蒸發(fā)器refraction折射thermophysical熱物性的absorptivity吸收率Kinematicviscosity動(dòng)力粘度Cartesiancoordinates笛卡爾坐標(biāo)系Spectral光譜的thermalconductivity導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)1.3FluidMechanicsshearforces剪切力eddy渦旋nondimensional無量綱的viscosity黏度Frictionalforces摩擦力Inertiaforces慣性力inviscid無黏性pressurelosses壓力損失laminarflow層流hydraulicdiameter水力直徑2.1AShortHistoryofCombustionTheoryphlogistion可燃質(zhì)，可燃素specificheat比熱carbonmonoxide一氧化碳flamepropagation火焰?zhèn)鞑ethane甲烷，沼氣laminarflame層流火焰BunsenBurner本生燃燒器activationenergy活化能calorimeter量熱器（計(jì)）universalgasconstant通用氣體常數(shù)NASA（美國）國家航空航天局freeradical自由基團(tuán)academician院士，會(huì)員preclude預(yù)防，排除，阻（妨）礙2.2FossilFuelsresidualoil殘（渣）油anthracite無煙煤coke-ovengas焦?fàn)t氣bituminous煙煤lignin本（質(zhì)）素，本質(zhì)subbituminous次煙煤lignite褐煤flashpoint閃點(diǎn)peat泥煤chromatography色譜（分離）法，色譜（學(xué)）fixedcarbon固定碳strata(stratum的復(fù)數(shù)）（地，巖，階）層vegetation植物（被），（植物）生長hermetically密封著地，氣密coalification煤化（過程）2.3MethodsofBurningSolidFuelscarrierair輸送（攜帶）空氣circulatingfluidizedbed循環(huán)流化床pulverizedfuel粉狀燃料，煤粉scrubbingsystem（煙氣）洗滌（除塵）系統(tǒng)fixedgrate固定爐排aperture孔，洞，口，嘴bubblingtypeoffluidizedbed鼓泡流化床biasingofairflow偏置流動(dòng)，流量偏置stokerfiring火床燃燒，層狀燃燒entrained-flow拽（攜）帶流vortex渦流calcine焙燒，煅燒soot-blowing吹灰inventory清單，報(bào)表；設(shè)備，機(jī)器；資源limestone石灰石sulfurdioxide二氧化硫2.4TheFormationandControlofNoxDuringCombustionphotochemical光化學(xué)（作用）的turbulence湍流smog煙霧fuel-rich燃料富有的，富燃的collectivelyreferredtoas統(tǒng)稱為fuel-lean燃料貧乏的，貧燃的bench-scale實(shí)驗(yàn)室（規(guī)模）的fuel-boundoxygen燃料（結(jié)合的）氧promptNO快速NOfuel-boundnitrogen燃料（結(jié)合的）氮thermalNOx熱力NOxdevolatilization析出，釋放出fuelNOx燃料NOx3.1Fossil-FuelPowerPlantCarnotcycle卡諾循環(huán)pulverized-coal煤粉，粉煤Rankinecycle郎肯循環(huán)forced-draft(FD)fan送風(fēng)機(jī)powerplant電廠cycleefficiency循環(huán)效率boiler鍋爐primaryairfan一次風(fēng)機(jī)steamgenerator鍋爐，蒸汽發(fā)生器pulverizer磨煤機(jī)burner燃燒器stack煙囪fluegas煙氣induced-draft(ID)fan引風(fēng)機(jī)electrostaticprecipitator靜電除塵器furnace爐膛bagfilterhouse布袋除塵器sootblower吹灰器sulfurdioxidescrubbingsystem脫硫系統(tǒng)airheater空氣預(yù)熱器steamturbine汽輪機(jī)reheatcycle再熱循環(huán)electricgenerator發(fā)電機(jī)feedwaterheater給水加熱器condenser凝氣器deaeratingheater除氧器fossil-fuel化石燃料3.2HydroelectricPowerPlanthydropower水電，水力，水動(dòng)力switchyard高壓開關(guān)站hydroelectricpowerplant水電站hydraulicturbine水輪機(jī)dam水壩drafttube尾水管reservoir水庫generator發(fā)電機(jī)exciter勵(lì)磁機(jī)crane起重機(jī)governorsystem調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)gantrycrane龍門起重機(jī)protectivedevice保護(hù)裝置insulator絕緣子transformer變壓器switchingequipment開關(guān)設(shè)備spillway泄洪道transmissionline輸電線penstock水渠angularmomentum角動(dòng)量powerhouse電站廠房torque力矩surgetank調(diào)壓室3.3NuclearPowerPlantnuclearpowerplant核電站heavywater重水nuclearfuel核燃料lightwater輕水uranium鈾controlrod控制棒fission裂變coolant冷卻劑reactor反應(yīng)堆pressurizedwaterreactor壓水反應(yīng)堆core堆芯primarysystem一次系統(tǒng)pressurevessel壓力容器secondarysystem二次系統(tǒng)shielding屏蔽enricheduranium濃縮鈾nuclearreaction核反應(yīng)boilingwaterreactor沸水反應(yīng)堆fuelrod燃料棒fastbreederreactor快中子增殖反應(yīng)堆isotope同位素moltensodium融鈉neutron中子helium氦plutonium钚g(shù)as-cooledreactor氣冷反應(yīng)堆moderator慢化劑pressurizedheavywaterreactor壓力重水反應(yīng)堆graphite石墨3.4CombinedCyclePowerPlantcombinedcycle聯(lián)合循環(huán)dual-cyclesystem雙循環(huán)系統(tǒng)Braytoncycle布蘭登循環(huán)gasturbine燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)isentropically等熵steamturbine汽輪機(jī)mechanicalwork機(jī)械功selectivecatalyticreduction選擇性催化還原h(huán)eat-recoverysteamgenerator余熱鍋爐integratedgasificationcombinedcycle整體煤氣化聯(lián)合循環(huán)thermalefficiency熱效率4.1BoilerTypesandApplicationscombustionefficiency燃燒效率steamdrum汽包industrialboiler工業(yè)鍋爐naturalcirculation自然循環(huán)availability可用率controlledcirculation控制循環(huán)reliability可靠性once-throughboiler直流鍋爐superheater過熱器supercriticalboiler超臨界壓力鍋爐reheater再熱器subcriticalboiler亞臨界壓力鍋爐economizer省煤器boilerefficiency鍋爐效率airheater空氣預(yù)熱器heatbalance熱平衡capacity容量heatloss熱損失downcomer下降管excessair過量空氣riser上升管4.2Furnacemembranewall膜式壁studdedtube銷釘管waterwall水冷壁dry-bottomfurnace固態(tài)排渣c(diǎn)asing爐墻wet-bottomfurnace液態(tài)排渣insulation保溫flyash飛灰refractory耐火材料heatingsurface受熱面slag結(jié)渣c(diǎn)onvectionpass對(duì)流煙道erosion腐蝕，侵蝕4.3SuperheaterandReheatersuperheat過熱spray-typeattemperator噴水減溫器superheater過熱器pressuredrop壓降overheating超溫reheater再熱器convectionsuperheater對(duì)流過熱器parallelflow順流radiantsuperheater輻射過熱器counterflow逆流seamlesstubes無縫鋼管fluegasbypass煙氣旁通handholecap手孔蓋fluegasrecirculation煙氣再循環(huán)desuperheater(orattemperator)減溫器tiltingburner擺動(dòng)式燃燒器4.4EconomizerandAirheaterairpreheater空氣預(yù)熱器thermocouple熱電偶exitfluegastemperature排煙溫度aciddewpoint酸露點(diǎn)tubularairpreheater回轉(zhuǎn)式空氣預(yù)熱器waterdewpoint水露點(diǎn)header聯(lián)箱steamcoilairheater蒸汽盤管式空氣預(yù)熱器（暖風(fēng)器）tubesheet管板5.1PrinciplesofSteamTurbinesteamturbine汽輪機(jī)throttlingloss節(jié)流損失thermalenergy熱能stageefficiency級(jí)效率mechanicalwork機(jī)械功internalefficiency內(nèi)效率nozzle噴嘴isentropic等熵kineticenergy動(dòng)能availableenergy可用能blade葉片reheatfactor再熱系數(shù)rotor轉(zhuǎn)子stopvalve截止閥shaft軸controlvalve控制閥impulse沖動(dòng)式exhausthood排氣罩reaction反動(dòng)式piping管道stage級(jí)valve-stem閥桿pressuredrop壓降shaft-endpacking軸端汽封2-rowstage雙列級(jí)bearing軸承multistage多級(jí)oil-pump油泵5.2Gas-Turbineinternalcombustionengine內(nèi)燃機(jī)propeller推進(jìn)者，推進(jìn)物，螺旋推進(jìn)器piston活塞turbo-propengine渦輪螺旋槳發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)reciprocatingengine往復(fù)式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)gear-box變速箱supercharger增壓器jetengine噴氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)aircraft航天器aero-engine飛機(jī)引擎，航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)propulsion推進(jìn)，推進(jìn)力altitude海拔高度locomotive機(jī)車，火車頭afterburner噴射引擎等的加力燃燒室aircompressor空氣壓縮機(jī)turbofanengine渦扇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)combustionchamber燃燒室dieselengine柴油機(jī)turbinewheel渦輪5.3HydraulicTurbinerunner轉(zhuǎn)輪propeller推進(jìn)器Kaplanturbine卡普蘭（軸流轉(zhuǎn)漿式）透平pitchangle槳距角tailwater尾水ru