非謂語動詞[知識導(dǎo)圖][考情分析]安徽近10年中考并未單純涉及對非謂語動詞的考查，但在單項填空、完形填空、單詞拼寫的題干及書面表達(dá)中都會涉及其相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。因此，掌握非謂語動詞是非常必要的。安徽中考2022年在完形填空(2022．37，2022．39)中考查了不定式，2023年在完形填空(2023．50)中考查了動名詞。考點1動詞不定式1．(2022·蕪湖期末)—I'msorry，I________myhomeworkathome，Mr．Lin．—Don'tforget________ittoschoolthisafternoon．A．forget；totake B．forget；tobringC．left；totake D．left；tobring答案：D2．(2022·安徽模擬預(yù)測)Nomatterwhereheis，hemakes________arule________forawalkaftersupper．A．him；togo B．him；goingC．it；togo D．it；goes答案：C不定式的形式：①to＋動詞原形；②省略to的不定式。1．動詞不定式的功能功能例句作主語ItisdifficulttobreatheonaplanetthathasmuchthinnerairthanthatontheEarth．在一個比地球上的空氣稀薄得多的星球上呼吸很困難。功能例句作表語Agoodwaytotrainthebrainistodosomemathexerciseseveryday．訓(xùn)練大腦的一個好方法是每天做一些數(shù)學(xué)練習(xí)題。作賓語(包括疑問詞＋動詞不定式)Everychildwantstobetheprideoftheirparents．每個孩子都想成為父母的驕傲。Idon'tknowwheretospendmysummerholiday．我不知道去哪里度過我的暑假。功能例句作賓語補(bǔ)足語Theteacheradvisedthecoupletotalkwiththeirsoninperson．老師建議這對夫婦親自和他們的兒子談一談。作定語Idon'thaveapartnertopracticeEnglishwith．我沒有一個練習(xí)英語的搭檔。功能例句作狀語目的狀語HealsogoesontheInternettocheckthetimesoftrains，maketravelplans，andbuytickets．他還上網(wǎng)查詢火車時刻表、制定旅行計劃和買票。結(jié)果狀語IhurriedtogotoschoolonlytofindthatitwasSaturday．我匆匆忙忙去上學(xué)，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)是星期六。原因狀語Benwassoexcitedtoknowthathewonthefirstplaceintheexam．本得知他這次考試得了第一名非常興奮。2．后接動詞不定式作賓語的常考動詞(短語)afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起

agree同意

begin開始choose選擇decide決定expect期望fail未做到hope希望learn學(xué)習(xí)like喜歡manage設(shè)法做成offer主動提出plan計劃prepare準(zhǔn)備promise承諾refuse拒絕start開始try努力wish希望

wouldlike想要3．后接動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的常考動詞allow允許ask要求advise建議encourage鼓勵expect期望force強(qiáng)迫help幫助invite邀請order命令remind提醒require要求teach教tell告訴want想要warn警告wish希望4．常見省略to的動詞不定式(1)在使役動詞(let，have，make)及感官動詞(see，feel，hear，watch，notice等)后用作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式必須省略to。但在變被動句時，需要補(bǔ)上不定式符號to(let除外)。Hisfunnyactionmademelaugh．＝Iwasmadetolaughbyhisfunnyaction．他滑稽的動作使我發(fā)笑。(2)當(dāng)兩個或多個作用相同的不定式并列時，通常只需在第一個不定式用to，其余不定式的to可以省略。但是，如果兩者有對比關(guān)系，則后面不定式的to不可省略。Thedoctoradvisedhimtodrinkmorewaterandgetenoughsleep．醫(yī)生建議他多喝水，保持充足的睡眠。Totryandfailisbetterthannottotryatall．嘗試后失敗總比不嘗試好。(3)help后帶to或不帶to均可。Shestillworksthereonceaweektohelpkids(to)learntoread．她仍然每周在那里工作一次，幫助孩子們學(xué)習(xí)閱讀。(4)why(not)．．．后省略to的情況。Why(not)gowithTom？為什么(不)和湯姆一起去呢？(5)hadbetter(not)dosth．最好(不要)做某事。Youhadbetterlookupthewordinthedictionary．你最好在詞典上查一下這個詞。(6)wouldratherdosth．寧愿做某事。Theywouldrathertakeatrainthanaplanewhentheygofromcitytocity．當(dāng)他們從一個城市到另一個城市時，他們寧愿坐火車也不愿坐飛機(jī)。(7)Could/Would/Willyoupleasedosth．?你愿意做某事嗎？Couldyoupleaseopenthewindowtoletsomefreshaircomein？你能打開窗戶讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來嗎？[巧學(xué)妙記]一感(feel)、二聽(hear，listento)、三讓(let，make，have)、四看(lookat，see，watch，notice)，半幫助(help)。5．不定式的否定(1)不定式的否定式為：not＋不定式。Theteachertoldusnottoreadthebook．老師告訴我們不要讀這本書。(2)比較否定句和不定式的否定式的區(qū)別。Ididn'taskhimtoopenthedoor．我沒讓他把門打開。(否定句)Iaskedhimnottoopenthedoor．我讓他別把門打開。(不定式的否定式)6．疑問詞＋不定式不定式可以和疑問代詞who，what，which及疑問副詞when，how，where連用構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語等成分。Thequestioniswhentostart．問題是什么時候開始。Whattodoisanimportantquestion．該做什么是一個重要的問題。7．動詞不定式的常用句型(1)It'sone'sturntodosth．輪到某人做某事了。It'smyturntotellastory．該我講故事了。(2)Ittakes/tooksb．sometimetodosth．某人花多長時間做某事。Ittookme3hourstorepairtheTVset．我用了三個小時修理這臺電視機(jī)。(3)It'stimetodosth．＝It'stimeforsth．意為“是該做某事的時候了”。該句式也可擴(kuò)展為It'stimeforsb．todosth．是某人做某事的時候了。It'stimeforustogotoschool．我們該去上學(xué)了。(4)sb．＋be＋adj．＋todosth．某人因……而……Iamverysorrytohearthat．聽到那件事我很難過。(5)find/think/feelit＋adj．＋todosth．發(fā)現(xiàn)/認(rèn)為/感到做某事是……的。Ifind/think/feelithardtolearnEnglishwell．我發(fā)現(xiàn)/認(rèn)為/感到學(xué)好英語是困難的。(6)prefertodosth．ratherthandosth．寧愿做某事而不愿做某事。Iprefertowalkthereratherthantakeabus．我寧愿步行去那里也不愿坐公共汽車。(7)too．．．to．．．“太……而不能……”。Youarenevertooyoungtostartdoingthings．你絕不會因為年齡太小而不能開始做事。考點2動名詞1．(2022·黃山歙縣一模)—IsawJim________intothatnewbuildingjustnow．—Oh，it'sournewlibrary．It________tothepublicforaweek．A．walk；hasopened B．walk；hasbeenopenC．walking；hasopened D．walking；hasbeenopen答案：B2．(2023·湖南懷化)Manypeopleenjoy________zongzibythemselvesontheDragonBoatFestival．A．making B．madeC．tomake答案：A1．動名詞的構(gòu)成動名詞一般由“動詞原形＋-ing”構(gòu)成。2．動名詞的句法功能功能例句說明作主語Travellingbyplaneisthefastestbutalsothemostexpensiveway．乘飛機(jī)旅行是最快也是最貴的方式。謂語動詞用單數(shù)功能例句說明作表語Herhobbyisplantingdifferentkindsofflowers．＝Plantingdifferentkindsofflowersisherhobby．她的愛好是種植各種各樣的花。多數(shù)情況下，動名詞作表語可轉(zhuǎn)換成作主語功能例句說明作賓語動詞賓語IlikelisteningtoEnglishsongs，buttherearetoomanynewwords．我喜歡聽英文歌，但是它們有太多的生詞。表示一般的習(xí)慣、抽象行為或經(jīng)常性動作介詞賓語Youcan'tstoppeoplefromsayingwhattheythink．你不能阻止人們說出他們的想法。功能例句說明作定語IplantowatchEnglishTVprogrammeseveryweekendinordertoimprovemylisteningskills．為了提高聽力技能，我計劃每個周末看英語電視節(jié)目。只表示它所修飾詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等。置于被修飾詞之前[溫馨提示]

英語中有一些詞后面常跟動名詞作賓語。我們初中階段常見的有：finish，mind，beworth，bebusy，practice，havefun，havetrouble/problem(in)，spend．．．(in)，feellike，beusedto(習(xí)慣于)，giveup，keepon，consider，suggest，can'thelp。[巧學(xué)妙記]完成實踐值得忙(finish，practice，beworth，bebusy)繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄(keepon，beusedto，giveup)考慮建議不禁想(consider，suggest，can'thelp，feellike)喜歡思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)3．其后既可以接v．-ing形式，也可接動詞不定式的動詞及動詞詞組有l(wèi)ove，like，prefer，begin，start，continue，remember，try，stop，forget，hate，need，allow，goon等。介詞后接v．-ing形式的動詞短語有：keep．．．from，stop．．．from，makeacontributionto，lookforwardto，spend．．．(in)，beafraidof，beproudof，beusedfor，feellike，giveup，beinterestedin，putoff等。4．當(dāng)need，require，want作“需要”講時，后接v．-ing形式主動式等于不定式的被動式。Thewindowneedscleaning．＝Thewindowneedstobecleaned．那扇窗戶需要被清洗。Shewasafraidtostepfurtheringrassbecauseshewasafraidofbeingbittenbyasnake．她生怕被蛇咬著，而不敢在草叢中再走一步。Shewasafraidtowakeherhusband．她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。Shewasafraidofwakingherhusband．她生怕吵醒她丈夫。(2)感官動詞＋doing/do感官動詞(see，watch，observe，notice，lookat，hear，listento，smell，taste，feel)＋do表示動作的完整性、真實性；＋doing表示動作的連續(xù)性、進(jìn)行性。Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday．昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)“我看見了”這個事實)Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday．昨天我見他正在花園里干活。(強(qiáng)調(diào)“我見他正干活”這個動作)如何判斷非謂語動詞1．當(dāng)句子缺少謂語時，該動詞就用謂語動詞形式。一般情況下，動詞作謂語放在主語之后，比如“Iloveyou．”中，love就是謂語動詞；2．當(dāng)句中已有謂語動詞又沒有并列連詞使其與所填動詞并列，該動詞就用非謂語動詞形式。比如“Idecide________(clean)mybedroom．”在該句中已有謂語動詞decide且沒有并列連詞，因此考慮填非謂語動詞；3．非謂語動詞可以在句中作除謂語以外的任何成分，如主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語、狀語及插入語。1．(2023·云南)TodayisFather'sDay,andIplan________adinnerformyfather．A．toprepare B．preparingC．prepared D．prepare答案：A2．(2022·安徽省一模)I'drather________Hainaninwinterthaninsummer．A．goto B．goingtoC．togoto D．havegone答案：A3．(2022·安徽省模擬)ThesenovelswrittenbyLuXunarereallyworth________．A．read B．readsC．toread D．reading答案：D4．(2022·安師聯(lián)盟)—Oh，yourgrandmotherlookssoyoung．—Yes，shekeeps________everydaysosheisfullofenergy．A．practicing B．readingC．exercising D．studying答案：C5．(2022·安慶期末)—Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforbreakfast?—Iusedto________dumplings．ButthesedaysIgetusedto________breadandmilk．A．eat；have B．eating；havingC．eating；have D．eat；having答案：D6．(2022·蚌埠期末)—Don'tforget________somesugarandcheesewhenyougotothesupermarket．—OK．Iwon't．A．buy B．tobuyC．buying D．bought答案：B7．—Wouldyoumindmy________basketballhere?—Notatall．Because________basketballisagoodwayofexercise．A．play；toplay B．toplay；playingC．playing；playing D．play；play答案：C1．(2023·四川瀘州)—Whatareyougoingtodothissummervacation?—Iplan________HuaHua,anearly3-year-oldlovelypandainChengdu．A．see B．sawC．seeing D．tosee答案：D2．(2023·合肥一六八中學(xué)校考一模)Atanytime,________thetruthisthemostimportantthing．A．told B．tellC．tells D．telling答案：D3．(2023·滁州一模)I'llputacrosshere,sowe'llknow________nexttime．A．howcandoit B．whattodoitC．whenshallwecome D．wheretocome答案：D4．(2023·天津)Davidlearnt________whenhewasfive．A．swim B．swimsC．swam D．toswim答案：D5．(2023·江蘇揚(yáng)州)Scienceismyfavouritesubject,soIhaveprepared________theSTEAMClub．A．join B．joiningC．tojoin D．tojoining答案：C6．(2023·淮北校考一模)Wouldyoumind________quietforamoment?I'mtrying________aform．A．keeping；fillingout B．tokeep；tofilloutC．keeping；tofillout D．tokeep；fillingout答案：C7．(2023·四川達(dá)州)—The

Lifelong

Journeyisoneofthemosttouchingbooks________Ihaveeverread．—Yeah,thebookisfantasticandIamlookingforwardto________itagain．A．that；reading B．which；toreadC．that；toread答案：A8．(2022·內(nèi)蒙古包頭)Nancydidn'tknowanyoneinthenewschool，soshedecidedtojoinanafter-schoolclub________somenewfriends．A．tomeet B．meetC．met D．meets答案：A9．(2023·蚌埠階段練習(xí))Theyplantobuysometrees________onbothsidesoftheriver．A．toplant B．plantingC．plant D．planted答案：A10．—Idon'tknow________dealwiththeproblem．—Don'tworry．Iwillhelpyou．A．whatto B．howtoC．whichto D．whyto答案：B11．(2022·貴州黔東南)Thereisnodoubt________Harry

Potterisworth________．A．whether；read B．if；toreadC．that；reading D．a(chǎn)s；beingread答案：C12．Bytakingashortshower，everyonecanmakeacontribution________theenvironment．A．toprotect B．toprotectingC．forprotecting D．forprotection答案：B13．Tinahaddecided________inavillageschoolaftergraduationtohelpthechildrenthere．A．teach B．toteachC．teaching D．teaches答案：B14．(2023·吉林長春)Weexpecttheworld________Chinabetterafterthe19thAsianGamesinHangzhou．A．understanding B．tounderstandC．understood D．understand答案：B15．Hecan'thelp________theanswerswhenhecan'tworkouttheproblems．A．turnto B．toturnC．turningto D．turnedto答案：C16．ThedoctorwarnsJack________smokingbecauseitisbadforhishealth．A．tostop B．nottostopC．stopped D．notstopped答案：A17．(2023·湖北孝感)—Safetyisveryimportanttoallofus．—Iagree．Westudentsshouldlearn________ourselvesinthedailylife．A．wheretohold B．whattovis