平谷五中20202021學年第一學期高二10月月考英語試卷2020.10語法填空（15分,10題）ADespitethefactthatpeerpressureismostmonlyseenasaverynegativeissue,itcan1．(see)positivelyinsomesituations.Thiscaninvolvepressuringyourpeerstoavoiddrugs,behonest,avoidalcohol,respectothers,workhard,exercise,bekind,beresponsible,andmore.Friendsandpeer2．(actual)affectthechoicesyoumake.Choosingtohavegoodfriendscanhaveaverystrongeffect3．you.BIn2016,shewon4．HugoAwardwithhershortnovel,FoldingBeijing,whichmadeherthefirstfemalewriterinChinatobringhomethisprize.Lateron,theauthor5．(turn)toeducation.ShesetupTongxingAcademyforpublicwelfareeducationandWePlanets6．(develop)children’screativityafterschool.CIntheUSA,whenyoupassbysomeoneyouknow,anodisacceptable,andyouusuallyshakehandswithsomeoneyoufirstmeet.ButinLatincountries,afirmhandshake7．(consider)rude.Inmyhomecountry,Mauritius,whenpeoplemeet,theyusuallykisseachother8．thecheeks.ThisisalsomoninFrance,9．theactiscalledfairelabise.However,thisisnot10．universalrule.完形填空（30分，20題）Aparent’shopesfor2030When2010arrived,mysonwasonlyayearold—tiny.11，themasterofafewbasicwords,butstillmostlythebabywe'd12intotheworld.Nowmybabyhasgrownintoan13—tall,strong,stout,andsmart,a(n)14ofAkiraKurosawasamuraimovies.A15fromnow,in2030,hewillbeanadult.Iexpectthenext10yearstoflyby,andbefilledwith16.As2020begins.Iamthinkingaboutthekindofworldmysonwill17andexperience.I18forhim,andforalltheyoungpeopleofhisage.SoIhaveseveral19fortheworldmysonandhisgenerationwilllivein：Ihopewefinallyget20aboutclimatechange.Polariceismelting.Theoceansare21.Thequestionis22whetherwecanstopclimatechange，butwhetherwe‘rewillingandabletodoanythingto23it.I’mnotsurewhatawarmingplanetwill24formyson'slife.Isuspectitmeanshewillliveinaworldwherenationsandgroups25limitedresourceslikecleanwaterandfood,whichmeansthatthedangerofclimatechangewon'tejustfromrisingoceans,butfromotherhumanspetingforcontroloverwhat’s26Theworldisalwaysgoingtobefullof27abouthowtosolvethechallengesweface.Ihope，too，thatmyson’sgenerationlearnsto28justice—buttodosowithbigheartandhumility，recognizingourmonhumanity(人性）evenwithpeoplewho29us.Theworldof2030won’t30itself.Wearecreatingitnow,somyfinalwishisthatwebuildthekindofworldweactuallywantourchildrentolivein.11．A．special B．generous C．intelligent D．dependent12．A．weled B．raised C．grown D．congratulated13．A．a(chǎn)thlete B．a(chǎn)dolescent C．a(chǎn)rtist D．engineer14．A．director B．a(chǎn)uthor C．lover D．reader15．A．month B．century C．year D．decade16．A．questions B．experience C．danger D．change17．A．create B．notice C．face D．shake18．A．worry B．sacrifice C．provide D．a(chǎn)rrange19．A．plans B．methods C．hopes D．choices20．A．particular B．serious C．optimistic D．enthusiastic21．A．drying B．rising C．growing D．cooling22．A．forsure B．a(chǎn)susual C．nolonger D．tillnow23．A．slow B．record C．plete D．oppose24．A．mean B．obtain C．share D．seek25．A．pickup B．fightover C．turndown D．takepart26．A．finished B．continued C．started D．left27．A．a(chǎn)ims B．examples C．disagreements D．results28．A．escape B．express C．seek D．a(chǎn)ffect29．A．differfrom B．a(chǎn)greewith C．referto D．callfor30．A．blame B．a(chǎn)dmire C．prove D．build三、閱讀理解第一節(jié)45分，15題ATheMysteryoftheFamousWordCollectorOneofthegreatestcontributorstothefirstOxfordEnglishDictionarywasalsooneofitsmostunusual.In1879,OxfordUniversityinEnglandaskedProf.JamesMurraytoserveaseditorforwhatwastobethemostambitiousdictionaryinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.ItwouldincludeeveryEnglishwordpossibleandwouldgivenotonlythedefinitionbutalsothehistoryofthewordandquotations（引文）showinghowitwasused.Thiswasahugetask,soMurrayhadtofindvolunteersfromBritain,theUnitedStates,andtheBritishcoloniestosearcheverynewspaper,magazine,andbookeverwritteninEnglish.Hundredsofvolunteersresponded,includingWilliamChesterMinor.Dr.MinorwasanAmericansurgeonwhohadservedintheCivilWarandwasnowlivinginEngland.Hegavehisaddressas“Broadmoor,Crowthorne,Berkshire,”50milesfromOxford.MinorjoinedthearmyofvolunteerssendingwordsandquotationstoMurray.Overthenext17years,hebecameoneofthestaff’smostvaluedcontributors.Buthewasalsoamystery.Inspiteofmanyinvitations,hewouldalwaysdeclinetovisitOxford.Soin1897,MurrayfinallydecidedtotraveltoCrowthornehimself.Whenhearrived,hefoundMinorlockedinabooklinedroomattheBroadmoorAsylum（精神病院）fortheCriminallyInsane.MurrayandMinorbecamefriends,sharingtheirloveofwords.Minorcontinuedcontributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10,000submissionsin20years.MurraycontinuedtovisitMinorregularly,sometimestakingwalkswithhimaroundtheasylumgrounds.In1910,MinorleftBroadmoorforanasyluminhisnativeAmerica.Murraywasattheporttowavegoodbyetohisremarkablefriend.Minordiedin1920,sevenyearsbeforethefirsteditionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionarywaspleted.The12volumesdefined414,825words,andthousandsofthemwerecontributionsfromaveryscholarlyanddevotedasylumpatient.31.Accordingtothetext,thefirstOxfordEnglishDictionary________．A.cameoutbeforeMinordiedB.waseditedbyanAmericanvolunteerC.includedtheEnglishwordsinventedbyMurrayD.wasintendedtobethemostambitiousEnglishdictionary32.HowdidDr.Minorcontributetothedictionary?A.HewenttoEnglandtoworkwithMurray.B.HehelpedMurraytofindhundredsofvolunteers.C.Hesentnewspapers,magazinesandbookstoMurray.D.Heprovidedagreatnumberofwordsandquotations.33.Prof.MurrayandDr.Minorbecamefriendsmainlybecause________．A.theybothservedintheCivilWarB.theyhadamoninterestinwordsC.MinorrecoveredwiththehelpofMurrayD.MurraywenttoAmericaregularlytovisitMinorBTheWakeupCall“What’sthat?”mytenyearolddaughter,Genie,asked.She’dcaughtmelaughingatapieceofmailI’djustopened.“Wakeupservice;$2.50percall.”Atthebottomwasaphonenumberandadrawingofarotaryphone,liketheonemygreatauntSarahadowned40yearsago.“Isthatmailfunny?”Genieasked.“Notreally,”Iadmitted.“It’sjustoutdated.”“What’sawakeupcall？”Shefrowned.Iexplainedhow,beforesmartphones,peoplesometimespaidsomeonetowakethemwithacall.“Whosentthisflyer?”shepressed.“Probablysomeoneolder,”Isaid,“andcouldusesomemoney.”Hereyeslitup.“Canweorderawakeup?”sheasked.“Wedon’tneedit.”Ipickeditupandheadedfortherecyclingbin.“Wait!”sheshrieked.“Ifeelsorryforthewakeupman,ifheneedssomemoney,”shesaid,tearingup.“Can’tweorder?”Ilookedattheflyerwithitsdrawingofarotaryphone.Iremembered,again,mygreatauntSaraandherrotaryphone.Asakid,I’dvisitedheroverLaborDay,whenJerryLewiswouldhosthischarityeventforthedisabledkids.AuntSarawouldsqueezemyhand,thenreachfortherotaryphone,dialingthenumberonthescreen.Holdingthereceiverbetweenus,we’dannouncetotheoperator,“We’dliketohelpthosekids.”Nowherewasmyownchild,showingthesamebigheartI’doncebeenencouragedtohave,andhowcouldIignoreher?IGoogledtheflyer’sreturnaddress.TheaddressbelongedtoamancalledRaymond.Hewasinhismid60s.Wecalledhimand,holdingthereceiverbetweenus,thewayAuntSaraandIusedto,toldhimweneededhisservices.“Great!”Raymondsaidinashakybutfriendlyvoice,clearlyamazedatreceivinganorderfromachild.WhenIaskedhowtopaythe$2.50,heanswered,“Mailacheck.”Geniewashappyallweek.Fridaynight,IputthephonebyherpillowsoshecouldanswerRaymond’scall.Sheboundedtomybedroomtotellmeallabouthowhe’dwishedheragoodmorningandtoldhertohaveagreatday,whichshedid.Technologyhasmadesomethingsoutdated.Buttherearestillotherthingstheworldwillalwaysrequire.Intherushandhustleofmydailylife,I’dtemporarilyforgottenthat.IguessIjustneededawakeupcall.34.Theauthorlaughedatthemailbecause________.A.itwasprintedroughlyB.thedrawinginitwaspoorC.thewakeupcallcosttoomuchD.theserviceitofferedwasoutdated35.Whatdidtheauthorwanttodowiththeflyeratfirst?A.Throwitaway. B.LetGeniereadit.C.Findoutwhosentit. D.KeepitawayfromGenie.36.Whatmadetheauthorfinallydecidetoorderawakeupcall?A.Herownchildhoodexperience.B.Thelessfortunatewakeupman.C.Genie’scuriosityabouttheservice.D.TheinformationshefoundonGoogle.37.Whatmight“otherthings”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Braveryandcuriosity. B.Confidenceandpatience.C.Honestyandhumor. D.Generosityandkindness.CAGoodNight'sSteepSleepplaysavitalroleingoodhealthandwellbeingthroughoutyourlife.Whileyou'resleeping,yourbrainisformingnewpathwaystohelpyoulearnandrememberinformation.Althoughweallknowtheimportanceofgettingagoodnight'ssleep,notallofusknowthebestwayofgettingit.Asleepexpert,PhilAtherton,gavesometoptipsforgettingthemostoutofthenight,whichwillleaveyoureadyforactioninthemorning.AccordingtoPhilAtherton,noteatingalargemealbeforebedtimeisimportantforgettingagoodnight'ssleep.Thetimedifferencebetweeneatingandsleepingshouldbeatleastthreehours.Soyou'dbetteravoideatinganyfoodthreehoursbeforebed,asitwillloweryourbloodsugarduringsleepandhelpminimizedamagefromtoomuchsugarfloatingaround.It'salsoimportanttofindwaystoprepareyourbodyforsleep.Youcanfollowaroutineliketryingnottoexposeyourselftotoomuchartificiallightwithin1hourbeforebed,asyourbrainuseslighttohelpsetinternal"bodyclock".Althoughitmightseemunnaturaltoscheduleyoursleep,thepurposeistosendasignaltoyourbodyandmindthatit'stimetosleep.Anotherwaytoprepareyourbodyforsleepistogetintoarelaxedstatebytakingabathorlisteningtosoftmusic.Bothofthemwillhelptotakethemindoffthedaytimepressures.Havingasuitablebed,especiallyasuitablemattress(床墊),isnecessaryforagoodnight'ssleep.Sleepisapersonalizedactivity,andwealladoptdifferentsleepingpositions.Findingthemattressthatsuitsyouwillreducebackpainsthatcanresultfromapoorsleepingposition.Thebedshouldbefourtosixincheslongerthanitstallestuser,allowingforspacetomovearound.Therecentresearchisprettyclearthatagoodnight'ssleepinamajorponentofgoodhealth.Sincethestartofthe21stcentury,studieshavelinkedalackofsleeptomanydiseases,suchasdiabetesandobesity.Takingactionnowwillleadtolongtermbenefitsforyouandthosearoundyou.38.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthepassage?A.Whentostartasoundsleep.B.Howtogetagoodnight'ssleep.C.Whattodowithsleepproblems.D.Whytoformagoodhabitofsleeping.39.Accordingtotheauthor,beforegoingtosleep,you'dbetter__________.A.freeyourselffromtensionB.checkyourbloodsugarC.relieveyourpaininthebackD.recordyourbiologicalclock40.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2referto?A.Noteatingfood.B.Takingameal.C.Notsleepingwell.D.Havingagoodsleep.41.Whichofthefollowingshowstheorganizationofthepassage?CP:CentralPointP:PointSp:Subpoint(次要點)C:ConclusionDTherearetwomaintypesofofficelayoutsusedbymostpaniesaroundtheworld:LandscapeOfficeandEnclosedOffice.Alandscapeofficelacksprivacy,however,thisofficelayoutismorebeneficialthananenclosedofficeforemployeestoimproveworkefficiency(效率)andproductivity.Somepeoplemightdesireanundisturbedworkplace.Accordingtothesurveycollectedfromapanywiththetwokindsofofficelayouts,mostofmanagerspreferaworkplacewheretheycanconcentrateontheirworkandmakeaclearthinking.However,managersthatpossesstheirownenclosedofficesmighthavethefeelingofbeingdistantfromtheirclerks,whichleadstohighpressure.Meanwhile,employeestendtobenervouswhentheyhaveconversationswiththeirmanagersinanobviouslyhierarchical(等級制的)environment.Incontrast,alandscapeofficemakesiteasierandmorepleasantforemployeestomunicatewiththeirmanagersortheircolleagues;thiswouldresultinspeedingupworkefficiencyandproductivity.

Besides,greaterinteractionisbeneficialforemployeestobuildupfriendshipinalandscapeoffice.ThiscanbeprovedbytheexperimentofBrookesandKaplan.Theyrecordedtheattitudesandopinionsof120employeestowardtheirenclosedofficebeforetheymovedtothelandscapeoffice,andthenafterninemonthstheyweretestedagain.Theresearchersdiscoveredthatthoseemployeesperformedpositivechangesingroupsociability.Whenpeoplehavebettergroupsociability,theyexperienceabetterteamworkandefficientcooperation,whichsurelypromotesworkproductivity.Someopponentsclaimthatalandscapeofficewouldleadtothedeclineofthevalueofworksatisfactionandmotivationfromemployees.However,theresultfromotherresearchersremainedcontroversial;intheiropinionthereareseveralfactorswhichaffectjobsatisfactionandmotivation.600Canadianfederalgovernmentdepartmentworkerswhowerehousedatamodernlandscapeofficeandweresurveyedgavebothnegativeandpositivefeedback.Theyadmittedthattheyfeltthesenseofbelongingtoateamoraworkingmunity,whichmainlycontributestojob

satisfaction.Motivationisalsoincreasedbyasenseofresponsibilityforandloyaltytoateam.Admittedly,therearesomeadvantagesthatonlyenclosedofficespossess.However,alandscapeofficecanbinethefeaturesofthetraditionalenclosedoffice,forexample,designingtheindependentmeetingroomtodecreasenoisefromdiscussion.Althoughthebenefitsofalandscapeofficeoutweighthoseofanenclosedoffice,whichlayoutisbettershouldbedecidedbythecharacteristicsofthepeopleandthetypeofworktheydo.42.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthepassage?A.Colleaguecooperationanditsmotivation.B.Groupsociabilityanditsproductivity.C.Workingenvironmentanditseffect.D.Officeprivacyanditsatmosphere.43.WhathasthesignificanteffectonproductivityaccordingtoParagraph2?A.Jobsatisfaction. B.Relaxedatmosphere. C.Groupsociability. D.Undisturbedworkplace.44.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Enclosedofficeleadstoindividualcreativity.B.Differentworkingstylesinenclosedofficeisencouraged.C.Landscapeofficecontributestoeffectiveconversations.D.Frequentmunicationinlandscapeofficeresultsinhighpressure.45.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsofficelayouts?A.Objective. B.Casual. C.Optimistic. D.Sceptical.第二節(jié)共25分，5題DoActionsSpeakLouderthanWords?Oursocietyisfastpaced.Weareallrushingfromoneplacetothenext,blowingourhornatslowdriverswhomaybesingingsongsinthecarwiththeirchildrenorpointingoutsomeinterestingsights.Wedon'thavetimeforthatsillinesstoday.Butwetrytosaytoourselvesthatwewillmaketimeforfuntomorrow.Itistimetotakeafewdeepbreathsandthinkaboutouractionsandourwords.__46__Haveyoueverreallythoughtaboutthesaying“Actionsspeaklouderthanwords”?Thinkaboutitnow.Ifyousayonethingandactinanoppositeway,willthewordsbeignoredandjusttheactionsremembered?Idon’tdon’tthinkso.__47__Itisalsoequallyimportanttousewordstoshowappreciation,love,approvalandhappinessandthenfollowthosewordswithahug,patonthebackorsmile.__48__Whataboutthatsaying?True?Yes!Wordscarryalotofweightandwillberememberedforyearsespeciallywhentheyarewrittendown.Meanwordscanhurtforthatmomentandforalifetime.Iamsurethateachofusremembersatimewhenafriendmadeanunkindment.__49__Let’snotbeamemberofthat“club”.Whenwasthelasttimethatyouhidalovenoteinalunchboxorinyourmate’scoatpocket?Ifyouwanttoseeabrightsmile,thatwilldoit!Thepowerofthiswrittennotewillberememberedformanydays,evenyears.“Icanlivefortwomonthsonagoodpliment(夸獎)”,saidMarkTwain.Childrengrowstrongerwhentheyfeelappreciatedandunderstood.__50__Aperfectwaytoturnabaddayaroundistopraiseyourchild.“Inoticedthatyourhairlookedverynicetoday.”“Didyouhangyourcoatupallbyyourself?”Itisamazinghowthosefewwordscanchangeachild'soutlook...almostimmediately.Don’tstopthere...Oneofmysistersendedaphoneconversationwiththreewords“Iloveyou”!Boy,thatputaspringinmystep!MarkTwainisright.Istillfeelthepositiveeffectofthosethreelittlebutverypowerfulwords.A.Thepenismorepowerfulthanthesword.B.Isitreallyreasonabletodosomethinglikethat?C.Dotheydisplaytheattitudethatwewanttoconvey?D.Itisimportanttohaveyourwordsmatchyouractions.E.Behaviorisamirrorinwhicheveryoneshowshisimage.F.Thosewordsdidlastingdamagetoyou,therelationshiporboth.G．Don’tbeafraidtoshoweryourchildwithencouragingwordsalldaylong.四、選詞填空（20分，10題）從下面的詞匯中，選擇合適的詞匯，填寫在短文的空中。PracticalexperimenthandledonbehalfofextremelyAcidconstantlyengagingworthwhilecalmTodayIwouldliketospeakaboutmyscienceteacherMsZhang.Ihavebeenherstudentfortwoyears.MsZhang’slessonsarealwaysso51.Sheuseslotsof52examplestoshowushowthingshappen,whichmakesthelessons53interesting.Sheisalsoverypatient.Irememberoncewewereconductinga(n)54andIaccidentallydroppedsome55onthefloor.Insteadofbeingangry,MsZhang56issowellbystaying57andhelpingmecleanitup.Sheis58workinghardtoshareherloveofsciencewithusandIhopesheknowsthatallofhereffortsare59.Here,60myclassmatesandmyself,IwouldliketosaytoMsZhang,“HappyTeacher’sDay!”五、書面表達（15分）假定你是李華，想邀請你的新西蘭朋友Kevin參加你校將要舉行的“勞動周”相關(guān)活動。請給他寫封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.活動時間；2.活動內(nèi)容（如：校園環(huán)境美化、校內(nèi)垃圾分類等）；3.活動意義.參考詞匯：LabourWeek勞動周注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考答案一、語法填空（15分,10題）A語法填空【答案】1.be

seen2.actually3.on/upon【解析】本文是說明文，介紹了同齡人和朋友對我們會產(chǎn)生積極的影響。【1題詳解】考查被動語態(tài)。句意：盡管同齡人的壓力通常被視為是一個非常消極的問題，但在某些情況下，它也可以被視為積極的。主語it指代peerpressure，和see之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，應該用被動語態(tài)，前面有情態(tài)動詞can，后接動詞原形；see是不規(guī)則變化動詞，過去分詞為seen。故填beseen。【2題詳解】考查副詞。句意：朋友和同齡人實際上會影響你的選擇。修飾動詞affect，用副詞形式。故填actually。【3題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：選擇結(jié)交好的朋友會對你產(chǎn)生很大的影響。短語haveaneffecton/upon對……有影響。故填on/upon。B語法填空【答案】4.the5.turned6.todevelop【解析】本篇短文是記敘文，講述了清華大學畢業(yè)生郝景芳獲得雨果獎后，轉(zhuǎn)向教育，創(chuàng)辦公益性的“童行學院”和“童行星球”。【4題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：2016年，她憑借短篇小說《北京折疊》獲得雨果獎，成為中國首個獲此殊榮的女作家。“雨果獎”是專有名詞，前面需要加定冠詞the，表特指。故填the。【5題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：后來，這位作家轉(zhuǎn)向了教育。短文敘述的是過去的事情，時間狀語lateron表示過去的時間，因此用一般過去時。故填turned。【6題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：她創(chuàng)辦了教育公益性的“童行學院”和“童行星球”，以培養(yǎng)孩子們在課余的創(chuàng)造力。根據(jù)句意，此處用不定式作目的狀語，意思為“為了……”。故填todevelop。C語法填空【答案】7.isconsidered8.on9.where10.a【解析】本文是說明文。短文介紹了在不同的國家第一次見面時不同的風俗習慣。【7題詳解】考查語態(tài)。句意：但在拉丁國家，有力的握手被認為是粗魯無禮的。短文敘述的是客觀事實，應該用一般現(xiàn)在時；主語afirmhandshake和consider之間是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，應該用被動語態(tài)；此處用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)；afirmhandshake是單數(shù)形式，be動詞應該用單數(shù)。故填isconsidered。【8題詳解】考查介詞。句意：在我的國家毛里求斯，人們見面時通常會親吻對方的臉頰。根據(jù)句意，此處應是介詞on；短語kisssbonthecheeks“在臉頰上親吻”。故填on。【9題詳解】考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意：這在法國也很常見，在那里這種行為被稱為fairelabise。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，“____theactiscalledfairelabise”是定語從句，先行詞France在從句中做地點狀語，因此用where引導定語從句。故填where。【10題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：然而，這并不是一個普遍的規(guī)則。此處用不定冠詞a表示數(shù)量，意思為“一個普遍的規(guī)則”；universal的發(fā)音是以輔音音素開頭，因此用不定冠詞a。故填a。二、完形填空（30分，20題）【答案】11.D12.A13.B14.C15.D16.D17.C18.A19.C20.B21.B22.C23.A24.A25.B26.D27.C28.C29.A30.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。講述了作者對10年后兒子和兒子將來所處的世界的擔憂和愿望。【11題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當2010年到來的時候，我的兒子只有一歲，小小的，需要依靠，他掌握了一些基本的詞，但仍是我們歡迎來到這個世界的嬰兒。A.special特殊的；B.generous慷慨的；C.intelligent聰明的；D.dependent依靠的。由上文可知，兒子僅僅一歲，還很小，小孩子是需要依靠的。故選D。【12題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當2010年到來的時候，我的兒子只有一歲，小小的，需要依靠的，他掌握了一些基本的詞，但仍是我們歡迎來到這個世界的嬰兒。A.weled歡迎；B.raised提升，養(yǎng)育；C.grown成長；D.congratulated祝賀。根據(jù)常識可知，面對自己的孩子降臨到這個世界，當然是歡迎的了。短語weleinto意為“歡迎進入”；B選項raise意為“撫養(yǎng)”，是及物動詞，后邊直接接賓語；C選項不符合語境；D選項固定搭配為congratulateon，意為“對某事表示祝賀”。故選A。【13題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，我的孩子已經(jīng)長成一個青少年—高高的，強壯的，勇敢的；聰明的，一個黑澤明武士電影的愛好者。A.athlete運動員；B.adolescent青少年；C.artist藝術(shù)家；D.engineer工程師。根據(jù)下文“A___5___fromnow,in2030,hewillbeanadult.”，可知在2030年，他會成為一個成年人，聯(lián)系上文2010年他剛剛一歲，可知他現(xiàn)在是青少年。故選B。【14題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，我的孩子已經(jīng)長成一個青少年—高高的，強壯的，勇敢的；聰明的，一個黑澤明武士電影的愛好者。A.director導演；主任；B.author作家；C.lover愛好者；D.reader讀者。根據(jù)下文“AkiraKurosawasamuraimovies.（黑澤明武士電影）”，作者的兒子此時是個青少年，應該是武士電影的愛好者。故選C。【15題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從現(xiàn)在開始十年后，在2030年，他將會成為一個成年人。A.month月；B.century一世紀；百年；C.year年；D.decade十年。根據(jù)下文“Iexpectthenext10yearstoflyby,”，可知作者期待著下一個十年過去，因此此處是10年。故選D。【16題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我期待著下一個十年飛逝，這期間是充滿著變化的。A.questions問題；B.experience經(jīng)驗；C.danger危險；D.change變化。10年后兒子會長大成人，10年將會飛逝而過，而這其中是充滿變化的。故選D。【17題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著2020年的開始，我開始想我的兒子將會面對和經(jīng)歷的那種世界。A.create創(chuàng)造；B.notice注意；C.face面對；D.shake動搖。根據(jù)空格后的并列動詞experience“經(jīng)歷”可知此處應為它的近義詞，聯(lián)系本句可知，作者在思考自己的兒子即將面對和經(jīng)歷的這個世界。故選C。【18題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我為他和所有和他同齡的年輕人擔心。A.worry擔憂；B.sacrifice犧牲；C.provide提供；D.arrange安排。根據(jù)下文作者對這個世界現(xiàn)存的問題提出的希望可知，在這里作者擔心自己的兒子及所有他這個年齡的年輕人。故選A。【19題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：對于我兒子和他這一代人生活的世界，我有幾個愿望。A.plans計劃；B.methods方法；C.hopes愿望；D.choices選擇。根據(jù)下一段提示“Ihopewefinallyget...”可知作者有一些愿望。故選C。【20題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我希望我們最終能認真對待氣候變化的問題。A.particular特別的；B.serious嚴肅的；C.optimistic樂觀的；D.enthusiastic熱情的。下文提到氣候變化是一個嚴重的問題，此處表示作者希望能夠認真對待。固定搭配beseriousabout意為“認真對待”，故選B。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：海平面在上升。A.drying變干；B.rising上升；C.growing成長；D.cooling變涼。由前文中“Polariceismelting.”可知海平面應該是在上升，下文第五段中也提到了“risingoceans”，故選B。【22題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：這個問題不再是我們是否能阻止氣候變化，而是我們是否愿意、是否能夠去做任何使它變慢的事。A.forsure無疑；B.asusual像往常一樣；C.nolonger不再；D.tillnow到現(xiàn)在為止。but連接前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，后一句是肯定語氣，那么前一句應該是否定語氣。故選C。【23題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這個問題不再是我們是否能阻止氣候變化，而是我們是否愿意、是否能夠去任何使它變慢的事。A.slow變慢；B.record記錄；C.plete完成；D.oppose反對。聯(lián)系上文可知，it指代climatechange，結(jié)合段意可知，我們不能阻止，但能減緩氣候變化。故選A。【24題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我不確定一個溫暖的星球?qū)ξ覂鹤拥囊簧馕吨裁础.mean表示···的意思；B.obtain獲得；C.share分享；D.seek尋找。根據(jù)后句提示“Isuspectitmeanshe’llliveinaworld...”可知作者不確定全球變暖對于兒子的生活意味著什么。mean屬詞匯復現(xiàn)。故選A。【25題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我懷疑它意味著，他生活在一個國家和團體爭奪有限資源比如干凈的水和食物的世界。A.pickup撿起；B.fightover爭奪；C.turndown關(guān)小；D.takepart參與。根據(jù)下文“butfromotherhumanspetingforcontrolover”可知，作者在猜想這意味著他將活在一個國家和團體爭奪有限資源比如干凈的水和食物的世界，應選fightover“為……爭斗”。其他選項均不符合句意。故選B。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這意味著氣候變化的危險將不僅僅來自海平面上升，更來自人類為了控制所剩下的資源的競爭。A.finished完成；B.continued繼續(xù)；C.started開始；D.left留下。結(jié)合文章，根據(jù)上文中提到的“l(fā)imitedresources”可知，氣候變化的危害不僅僅來自海平面上升，更有人類為了掌控剩下的資源的競爭。故選D。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：關(guān)于如何解決我們面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，這個世界總是充滿爭論。A.aims目標；B.examples例子；C.disagreements分歧；D.results結(jié)果。根據(jù)“howtosolvethechallengesweface”可知此處應該是人類關(guān)于應對挑戰(zhàn)的爭論。故選C。【28題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我也希望我兒子這一代人學會尋找正義—但要懷著博大的心和謙卑去這樣做，意識到我們共同的人性，即使是那些和我們不一樣的人。A.escape逃脫；B.express表達；C.seek尋找；D.affect影響。根據(jù)buttodosowithbigheartandhumility，recognizingourmonhumanity(人性），可知此處應為尋求公正。故選C。【29題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：我也希望我兒子這一代人學會尋找正義—但要懷著博大的心和謙卑去這樣做，意識到我們共同的人性，即使與那些和我們不一樣的人。A.differfrom與···不同；B.agreewith同意；C.referto提及；D.callfor需要。本句中的even意為“即使”，表前后轉(zhuǎn)折，結(jié)合句意“要意識到共同的人性，即使是與我們不同的人。”可知，前為“mon”，則后應該為“differfrom”。故選A。【30題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：2030年的世界不會自我建設(shè)。A.blame責備；B.admire贊賞；C.prove證明；D.build建造。根據(jù)下一句“Wearecreatingitnow”可知此處應為“create”的近義詞。表示2030年的世界不會自己建造。故選D。【點睛】完型填空試題中，有些詞語常常重復出現(xiàn)在語篇之中。詞匯復現(xiàn)的語用意義使得語篇中的句子相互銜接和連貫。因此，在閱讀文章的過程中，會發(fā)現(xiàn)一些與選項意義緊密相連的同義詞或近義詞，要學會充分利用這些詞提供的有效信息進行合理的推測和判斷。如本文第14小題根據(jù)后句提示“Isuspectitmeanshe’llliveinaworld...”可知作者不確定全球變暖對于兒子的生活意味著什么。mean屬詞匯復現(xiàn)。三、閱讀理解第一節(jié)45分，15題A【答案】31.D32.D33.B【解析】本文是記敘文。文章講述了Minor博士對第一部《牛津英語詞典》的編撰所作出的巨大貢獻。【31題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。文章第一段中提到“In1879,OxfordUniversityinEnglandaskedProf.JamesMurraytoserveaseditorforwhatwastobethemostambitiousdictionaryinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.（1879年，英國牛津大學請JamesMurray教授擔任將會成為英語語言史上最宏大的詞典的編輯）可知，第一部《牛津英語字典》當時旨在成為英國語言史上最宏大的英語詞典。故選D。【32題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。文章第三段中提到“MinorjoinedthearmyofvolunteerssendingwordsandquotationstoMurray.（Minor加入了給Murray發(fā)送詞語和引文的志愿者隊伍）”；第五段中提到“Minorcontinuedcontributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10,000submissionsin20years.（Minor繼續(xù)為該詞典撰稿，在20年的時間里發(fā)送了1萬多份稿件）”，由此可知，Minor給詞典提供了大量的詞語和引文。故選D。【33題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“MurrayandMinorbecamefriends,sharingtheirloveofwords.”可知，Murray和Minor成為了朋友是因為他們都熱愛文字。故選B。B【答案】34.D35.A36.A37.D【解析】試題分析：本文是一篇記敘文，講述女兒想訂購叫醒服務(wù)，作者認為沒有必要。但當作者回憶起自己小時的經(jīng)歷，她同意的女兒的要求，這個故事告訴我們在科學技術(shù)進步的今天，善良的心仍然是我們所需要的。【34題詳解】D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第二、三段Isthatmailfunny?”Genieasked.及“Notreally,”Iadmitted.“It’sjustoutdated.”可知，女兒問那封信很有趣嗎？作者回答不有趣，它過時了，故選D項。【35題詳解】A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第八段““Wedon’tneedit.”Ipickeditupandheadedfortherecyclingbin.”可知，作者準備把它扔到垃圾箱，故選A項。【36題詳解】A推理判斷題。倒數(shù)第四段提到作者想到自己童年的經(jīng)歷（姑姑薩拉帶她撥旋轉(zhuǎn)），所以決定預定這項服務(wù)，故選A項。【37題詳解】D詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Iexplainedhow,beforesmartphones,peoplesometimespaidsomeonetowakethemwithacall.”（我解釋了，在智能出現(xiàn)之前，人們是如何付錢讓別人用叫醒他們的）以及最后一段提到“Technologyhasmadesomethingsoutdated.”（科技讓一些東西過時）可知，此處是說雖然科技的發(fā)展讓人們不再需要叫醒服務(wù)，但有時我們還是需要別人善意的提醒，由此可知，其他的東西指的就是“慷慨和仁慈”，故選D項。考點：考查日常生活類閱讀C【答案】38.B39.A40.A41.C【解析】本文是說明文，文章強調(diào)了睡眠跟健康生活的密切關(guān)系，以及如何提高睡眠質(zhì)量提出了幾點建議。【38題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀文章可知，第一段引出如何獲得更好睡眠？接下來舉出了幾個提高睡眠質(zhì)量的例子，故選B。【39題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Anotherwaytoprepareyourbodyforsleepistogetintoarelaxedstate.”可知，睡前要放松，不要緊張。故選A。【40題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中“you’dbetteravoideatinganyfoodthreehoursbeforebed.”可知，it指代的是不要吃東西，故選A。【41題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文可知，首段提出論題：如何提高睡眠質(zhì)量？之后列舉分論點。第二段講述飲食方面：睡前3小時別吃東西；第三段和第四段都是闡述如何去prepareyourbodyforsleep：可以減少接觸光源，也可以聽歌，洗澡放松你的狀態(tài)；第五段闡述與睡覺相關(guān)的信息：如準備好寬敞的床，舒適的床墊以及注意睡姿。尾段總結(jié)升華：進一步強調(diào)睡眠質(zhì)量與健康的關(guān)系。故C正確。D【答案】42.C43.B44.C45.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了景觀辦公室和封閉式辦公室這兩種不同類型的辦公室布局，他們的不同布局特點以及不同的布局對工作效率的影響等。【42題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Therearetwomaintypesofofficelayoutsusedbymostpaniesaroundtheworld:LandscapeOfficeandEnclosedOffice.可知，世界上大多數(shù)公司使用的辦公室布局主要有兩種：景觀辦公室和封閉式辦公室。結(jié)合本文章主要講述了兩種不同類型的辦公室布局、不同的布局的特點以及不同的布局對工作效率的影響等。故C選項“工作環(huán)境及其影響”符合文章主旨大意。故選C。【43題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Meanwhile,employeestendtobenervouswhentheyhaveconversationswiththeirmanagersinanobviouslyhierarchicalenvironment.Incontrast,alandscapeofficemakes