新建一中2020—2021學年度第一學期第二次月考高一英語試卷總分值：150分時間：120分鐘卷面分：5分（5分：字體端正、卷面整潔、無涂改；4—3分：字跡清楚,卷面整潔；2分：字跡較清楚、有少量涂改、卷面較整潔；1分：字跡潦草、卷面臟亂。0分：大多主觀題沒寫或全部沒寫。）第一部分聽力（共兩節,滿分30分）第一節（共5小題；每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A,B,C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Thealarmbellisverygood.B.Thegatekeepershouldreplacethealarmbell.C.Theydon’thavetochangethealarmbell.2.Whenwillthemanarrive?A.At8:45.B.At9:15.C.At9:50.3.Whowillmakethedecision?A.Theman.B.Thewoman.C.Thewaiter.4.Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atanairport.B.Atarailwaystation.C.Atapostoffice.5.Whywasthemanlate?A.Hisdaughterwassick.B.Hedidn’twanttowork.C.Hehadastomachache.第二節（共15小題；每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘；聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Doctorandpatient.C.Waiterandcustomer.7.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Afterschool.B.Afterclass.C.Duringclass.聽第7段材料,回答第8、9題。8.Whereisthemangoing?A.Toacookingclass.B.Tohisphysicsclass.C.Toastore.9.Whatkindofmilkwillthemanbringback?A.2%fatmilk.B.Nonfatmilk.C.2%andnonfatmilk.聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.Howlongdidthemansleeplastnight?A.Forfivehours.B.Fortwohours.C.Forthreehours.11.Whydidn’tthemanetotheparty?A.Hedidn’tliketheparty.B.Hegothomelate.C.Heleftworklateandhadaheadache.12.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodofirst?A.Takeasleepingpill.B.Takeapainkiller.C.Havesomeexercise.聽第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.Whenwillthefootballmatchestakeplace?A.Intwoweeks.B.Nextweek.C.Nextmonth.14.Whatkindofseatsdoesthemanwant?A.Theonesnexttoeachother.B.Theonesnexttothegate.C.Theoneswhosenumbersare2and10.15.Whenwillthemanwatchthematch?A.OnThursdayevening.B.OnFridayevening.C.OnSundayevening.16.Howmuchwillthemanpayforthetickets?A.Fivedollars.B.Twentydollars.C.Tendollars.聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?A.TheUnitedStates.B.Thelifeofdeafpeople.C.Specialnewsprogramsforthedeaf.18.Howisthenewsreportedfordeafpeople?A.Byusingwords.B.Byusingpictures..C.Byusingsignlanguage.19.Whatdoes“puttingtwohandstogether”mean?A.Asandwich.B.Ahouse.C.Quiet.20.Howdoestheactorexpress“Quiet”?A.Bystandingup.B.Bypointingtohismouth.C.Bywavinghishands.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節,滿分40分)第一節(共15小題；每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出最佳選項。AMusicfortheYoungStrongerThanTheTruthRebaMcEntire(Artist)Price:$9.49Ifyouareinterestedincountrymusic,thenthisalbum(唱片集)isforyou.Rebatakesyoutogoonapleasanttrip.Thereissomethingforeveryoneinthisalbum.Reba(theQueenofballads)hassomesongswithbeautifulmelodiesinthealbumandshesingsthemperfectly.Thesongsareamazing.Thismaybeherbestcountryalbumsofar.Ifyou’reaRebafanoracountrymusicfan,thisalbumisvaluabletoyou!It’strulyGrammyworthy(格萊美獎),too.GoldenHourKaceyMusgravesPrice:$8.49CountrymusicsuperstarKaceyMusgraves’fourthalbumGoldenHourseesherprogressinmusic.Musgravestriesoutnewstylesaswellaswritessomeofthemosthonestfeelingsofhercareer.Musgravesonceshowedhergreatinterestinmakingarockalbum,andshedescribedhernewalbumasmixingdifferentmusicalstylesthatareinfluencedbyBeeGees,Sade,andNeilYoung.HonkyTonkTimeMachineGeorgeStrait(Artist)Price:$5.49HonkyTonkTimeMachineisasuccessfulreturnforthebestcountrysingersofalltime.Manypeopleprefertolistenathome,butit’sreasonableenoughtoownthealbum.AllthefansofGeorgewantthealbum,especiallythecountrymusicfans.SomeOfItEricChurchPrice:$10.29EricChurchhaswrittenapowersongthatspeaksnotonlytowhereIefrom,butalsotowhereIandtherestofthecountryneedtogobackto.ThisisEric’sfinestworkandforcountrymusic,too.21.WhatcanweknowaboutStrongerThanTheTruth?A.Itcameoutinthe1990s.B.Itincludesmorethanonesong.C.It’sReba’sbestcountryalbum.D.It’sasongaboutone’sfeelings.22.WhydoesMusgravesmentionBeeGees,SadeandNeilYoung?A.Theyhaveagreatinfluenceonhermusic.B.Theyarethemostfamousrockbands.C.Theyhelphermakeherlatestrecord.D.TheyshowgreatloveforMusgraves’music.23.Whichalbumhasthelowestprice?A.StrongerThanTheTruth.B.GoldenHour.C.HonkyTonkTimeMachine.D.SomeOfIt.BWhateverourdogRockwasdoingdownthere,itmadeenoughnoiseformetogotohim.BythetimeImadeittothebottomofthestairs,hehadrunup,andhenevercameupthestairs.Ithinkthatwashiswayoftellingme,"We’vegottogobackup.”WhenIgottothetopofthestairs,Isawmyhouseonfire.Iimmediatelyshoutedtomywifetowakeupandgetourthreekids.Icaughtaknifeandcutouttheplasticthatcoveredthewindowtotheporchroof(門廊屋頂).Ithenopenedthewindowandkickedoutthescreen(遮陽棚).Igoteverybodyoutontheroofandthrewablanketouttheresowewouldn’tfalloff.Itwascold,Januarycold.ThenIstartedshoutingforhelp.Buthelpnevercame.I’mscaredofheightsandhaverheumaloidarthritis(類風濕性關節炎),butIcouldnotletmyfamilyburnup.SoIjumpedofftheroof.lfoundaladder(梯子),placeditagainstthehouse,andclimbedbackuptotheroof.Iheldmydaughterandcarriedmyninemontholdsonwithmyteethbyhislittlesleeper.ThenIclimbeddowntheladder.Onceontheground,Ihadmylittlegirlholdherbrother,andIwentbackuptotherooftogetmyotherdaughter.ThenIwentbackupagainandgotmywife.Itriedtogetmydog,buthejustdisappearedintheblacksmoke.IneversawRockaliveagain.I’mnotahero.I’mjustanordinarypersonwho’dhelpanybody.Ilivetoprotectmyfamily.JustlikeRock——helivedtoprotectus.24.Rockmadesomuchnoiseto________.A.showhisangerB.askforfoodC.attracttheauthor’sattentionD.gettheauthortogetdown25.Theauthorplacedaladderagainstthehousesothat________.A.hecouldgetofftheroofB.hecouldgethisfamilyoffC.hewasabletoseefartherawayD.hecouldmakehisfamilyclimbdown26.Whichofthefollowingwordscanweusetodescribetheauthor?A.Weak.B.Clever.C.Wealthy.D.Responsible.27.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytellus?A.Theauthor’sbraveactinthefire.B.Thedog’sclevernesssavedthefamily.C.Howtheauthormanagedtoescape.D.Whattodotodealwithgreatfires.CInthetownofSouthPlainfield,NewJersey,US,peopleareusinganewwaytomunicatewiththeirmunityduringthecoronavirusoutbreak(新冠狀病毒爆發).TigerTVisabroadcast(廣播節目)thatwasproducedbystudentsinSouthPlainfieldHighSchool(SPHS).Theshowusedtobroadcasteveryweekdaymorningandprovidesthestudentswitheverythingtheyneedtoknowforthedayincludingsportsandclubevents,schoolannouncements,nationalnewsandfundraisers(募捐活動).Buttheseweledprogramswereindangerofbeingcutshort,becauseoftheclosingofschoolsandothergovernmentofficesduringtheoutbreak.Thenthehighschooldecidedtousethebroadcasttohelpstudentsandthemunitygetthroughthehardtimes.Now,thebroadcastisusedformunitymessagesandotheractivitiestoinspireproductivitywhilefollowingsocialdistancingrulesduringtheoutbreaktopreventthespreadofthecoronavirus.TheprogramhostAshleyWyber,17,saidthat"MakingvideosforTigerTVhasalwaysbeensomethinglreallyenjoyedandlookedforwardtodoing,soIwasnotgoingtoletthecoronavirusstopus!”Theschoolproducesmaterialsforitsbroadcastspecialseverymorninginthehomesofthehostsandotherstudentsinthemunities.Alongwithlocalnewsandschoolannouncements,theprogramencouragesitslistenerstojoinintheprogrambyfilmingandsharingTikToks(shortvideos)intheprogramtheycallTikTokTuesday.Theprogramalsoprovidesitslistenerswitheverythingtheyneedtostayupdatedandcalm.Programsincludemindfulness(冥想)lessons,artshowsandcoronavirusnews.“TigerTVhasbeenbeneficial(對……有益)toboththeschoolandthemunity,"explainedChrisCassio,theteacherwhorunsthebroadcastprogram.“Wearealocalnewsshow.WecoverSouthPlainfieldandthat’skindofcooltohaveourownmedia.”28.WhatdoweknowaboutTigerTV?A.Itwasstartedforthelocalpeople.B.Itwasaskedtostopduetotheoutbreak.C.Itraisesmoneyforcoronaviruspatients.D.Ithelpspeoplestayconnectedbybroadcasting.29.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatAshleyWyber______.A.isateacherfromSPHSB.wantedtocontinuebroadcastingC.learnedalotfromhostingtheprogramD.stoppedhostingtheprogrambecauseoftheoutbreak30.WhatdoParagraphs67mainlytalkabout?A.WayslocalpeoplemakefulluseofTikTok.B.ReasonswhyTigerTVchangeditsprograms.C.TopicsTigerTVcoversduringtheoutbreak.D.mentsfromthemunityonTigerTV.31.WhatcanweconcludefromChrisCassio’swords?A.HethinksveryhighlyofTigerTV.B.HeisuncertainaboutthefutureofTigerTV.C.HewantsTigerTVtobemorepetitive.D.HethinksTigerTVshouldonlyfocusonstudents.DStudentsintheChinesecityhavebeenrankedintopplaceininternationalschooltests,accordingtoareportpublishedbytheWorldBank.Itfoundthatthestandardofteachingwasthebiggestadvantage,includingasystemofregularteachertrainingandupgradingofskills.TeachersinShanghaispendonlyathirdoftheirtimeteaching—withmostoftheirtimebeingspentontraining,preparationandstudyfrominstructors.Thereareseriousrequirementstogetintoteachingandeventhoughteacherscanbedrivenaway,thestudyfoundthat,inpractice,thisseldomhappened.Instead,therewasasystempayingverystrongattentiontotrainingandacareerbuiltonincentives(獎勵)forthebestteachers.Thereareincentivesforteacherstoworkinruralschools.Andtherecanberotations(輪流)ofteachersworkinginthemostdisadvantagedschools.TheWorldBankalsofoundthatShanghaibenefitedfromaspecialsysteminwhichstrongerschoolshelpedweakerschoolsandexpectedtoraisetheirteachinglevels.ThemostrecentinternationalPisatests,runbytheOECD,haveputShanghaiintopplaceformaths,readingandscience.ReportauthorXiaoyanLiangsaid:“Oneofthemostimpressiveaspects(方面)ofShanghai’seducationsystemisthewayitimproves,supports,andmanagesteachers,whoarecentraltoanyefforttoraisetheeducationqualityinschools.ShesaidthehighlevelofpublicrespectforteachersinShanghaiwasanotherreflection(反映)of"howwelltheyteach.They’retrueprofessionals”.32.WhycanthestudentsinShanghaiberankedintopplaceininternationalschooltests?A.Becausetheteachersworkveryhard.B.Becauseofitshighstandardofteaching.C.Becausethestudentsstudyveryhard.D.Becauseofthesmartandrichstudents.33.HowareteachersinShanghaiinspiredtoimprovetheirteachingskills?A.Bytakingpartinmanypetitions.B.Byaskingthemtobetrainedforalittletime.C.Bydrivingawaythosewhoarebadatteaching.D.Byrewardingthembasedontheirperformance.34.TheteachersinShanghaiareencouragedto______·A.workinruralschoolsBpetewitheachotherC.spendmosttimeteachingD.challengeglobaltests35.WhatcanbeinferredaboutShanghai’seducationfromthepassage?A.ItseducationqualityisthebestinChina.B.It’sdifficulttoworkthereasateacher.C.Strongerschoolsoftenhelpedweakerschools.D.Itsteachersenjoythehighestpaylevel.第二節（共5小題；毎小題2分,滿分10分)根據短文內容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Youmightbewillingtohelpotherswhoaregoingthroughahardtime.Itisreallyhelpfultolearnsomeskillswhenyouoffersupporttoothers.Thefollowingmayhelpyou.36Itisimportanttomakesurethatthepersonwhoneedsyoursupportfeelsasenseofsafety.Anemptyroomisthebestchoiceifitisavailable.Apeacefulplacejustlikeaparkisanothergoodchoice,too.Besuretotalkinalowvoice,especiallyifyouareinanareawhereothersmaywalkbyandhear.Askquestions.37Itisimportantthatthepersonfeelslikeyouareinterestedinwhatheissayingandthatyoureallywanttosupporthim.Yourquestionsshouldstartwithwordslike“How”and“Why”.Someexamplesofquestionsare“Whathappened?”“Whatwillyoudonext?’and“Howdidthatmakeyoufeel?”Payattentiontoyourbodylanguage.Trytonod,smile,andmakeeyecontactasyou’relistening.Smilingisespeciallyhelpfulinshowingyoursupport.38Toshowyoursupport,itisalsoimportanttounderstandwhatthepersonistryingtomunicate.39Thepersonwillfeelmoresupportedandbetterunderstood.Don’tjustrepeattheexactsamesentences.Youcouldsaysentenceslike“Itsoundslikeyouaresaying...”or“WhatI’mhearingis...”Rememberthese“don’ts”.40Instead,givehimchancetoexpresshimself.Avoidsaying“Itoldyouso,”“Itcan’tbethatbad.”anddon’ttrytoofferadviceunlessyouareasked.A.Walktoasafeandquietarea.B.Don’tstopthepersonwhenheistalking.C.Tellthepersonthatyoureallyknowhisfeeling.D.Retellingwhatthepersonissayingisagreatway.E.Donotcrossyourarmswhenyouarelisteningtohim.F.Youcouldasksomequestionsthatthepersonisinterestedin.G.Youcouldaskthepersonaboutwhathappenedorhowhe’sfeeling.第三部分英語知識運用（共兩節,滿分45分）第一節完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分,滿分30分）閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Perrywasarichkidwholedaveryniceandfortablelife.Oneday,hewenttothe41.Hegotthereabitlate,andthe42ticketwassoldtoaboywhoseemedvery43.Realizingtherewasnoticketleftforhimself,Perrygotveryangry.Hestarted44theboyanddemandedthattheboyhandhisticketover.Theboysaid,“ButwhyshouldIgiveyoumyticket?I45beforeyou.AndI’vealreadypaidfortheticket!”“BecauseI’mmoreimportantthanyou!Lookatme!I’mrichandyou’reneedy.Don’tyousee?”Perry46.Atthat47,anoldgentlemancameovertoPerryand48himaticket,saying,"Ofcourse,myboy.Youhavemoreofaright(權利)thanhimtoseethismovie.”ThenPerry49thecinema.Hemadehiswaytoa50.However,assoonasPerrysatdown,he51andturnedintoamoviecharacter.Heplayedtheleadroleinmanymovies,wherehemetwithmany52.Inthesemovies,Perryhadtotryreallyhardtogetoverthedifficulties.53,allthestorieshadahappyending54awiseandrichcharacterhelpedhim.Whenallthiscametoa(n)55,Perryfoundhimselfbackinhisseat,feelingpretty56.Hespentalongtimeinthatseat.Suddenly,he57thatinreallifehehadalwaysbeenrichandlucky,andhadneverhelped58tohaveahappyendingoftheirown.Heregretted.Finally,asmilespreadoverhisface,andheleftthecinema,almostdancing.Hewas59becausenowheknewwhathewasgoingtodowithhislife.Hewasgoingtobethat60person.Hewouldbeamakerofhappyendings!41.A.school B.hospital C.cinema D.bookstore42.A.last B.coolest C.cheapest D.smallest43.A.kind B.poor C.brave D.strong44.A.worryingabout B.caringabout C.laughingat D.shoutingat45.A.asked B.arrived C.finished D.stopped46.A.agreed B.added C.replied D.cried47.A.moment B.age C.stage D.level48.A.offered B.lent C.returned D.paid49.A.saved B.entered C.recorded D.discovered50.A.country B.door C.seat D.worker51.A.failed B.slept C.nodded D.disappeared52.A.neighbors B.accidents C.enemies D.problems53.A.Easily B.Luckily C.Angrily D.Skillfully54.A.because B.but C.though D.so55.A.conclusion B.point C.topic D.end56.A.tired B.confident C.shocked D.bored57.A.guessed B.realized C.doubted D.believed58.A.anybody B.somebody C.everybody D.nobody59.A.sad B.disappointed C.crazy D.happy60.A.powerful B.serious C.helpful D.proud第二節單句語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分,滿分15分）在空白處填1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。61.However,thenextKingofPrussia,FrederickWilliamI,to_________theamberroombelonged,decidednottokeepit.62.Sadly,althoughtheamberroomwasconsideredoneofthe_______(wonder)oftheworld,itisnowmissing.63.Iwasjust________(amaze)thatthiswasallowedtohappen.64.WhatdothefiveringsontheOlympicflagstand______?65.Onlyathleteswhohavereachedtheagreedstandardfortheireventwill____________(admit)aspetitors.66.That’sthemottooftheOlympics,youknow——“________(swift),HigherandStronger.”67.Idon’tknowwhethertheydiditbyaccidentordesign.68.Canyoutellmethereason__________

youcamesolate?69.Thebooksonthedesk,_______coversareshiny,areprizesforus.

70.Inmyopinion,hissuggestioniswellworth（consider）第四部分寫作（共兩節,滿分30分）第一節 單句改錯（滿分10分）每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號（∧）,并在此符號下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線,并在該詞的下面寫出修改后的詞。71.Thehousewasbelongedtomygrandfather.72.Itisnodoubtthatthebookisinteresting.73.Itisreportedthataspacestationwillbebuildonthemooninyearstoe.74.Thewindwassuchhardthatwecouldnotopenoureyes.75.Theboyaswellashisparentsarefondofplayingfootballeveryday.76.I’msurethelittleboywillbetakencareinthenewkindergarten.77.Scientistsareinsearchforacureforthisseriousdisease.78.Eliaswaswillinglytoblowupgovernmentbuildings.79.ThisgiftwastheAmberRoom,thatwasgiventhisnamebecauseseveraltonsofamberwereusedtomakeit.80.Everyfourthyears,theOlympicGamesareheldintheworld.第二節：書面表達（滿分20分）最近,你班同學在英語課堂上就“電子書是否會取代紙質書”這一話題進行了討論。請根據表格提示用英語寫一篇短文介紹此次討論情況,并發表在你校英語論壇上。會電子書(ebooks)容量（capacity）大、方便攜帶、節約紙張不會紙質書(printedbooks)對視力損害小、有助于記憶（memory）、具有收藏價值你的觀點？注意:1.詞數100左右（開頭已給出,但不計入總詞數）；2.可適當增加細節,以使行文連貫。Recentlyourclasshadadiscussionaboutwhetherebookswillreplaceprintedbooks._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________新建一中2020—2021學年度第一學期第二次月考高一英語試卷答案一、聽力15BBBCA610ABCBB1115CABAB1620CCCAB二、閱讀理解2123BAC2427CBDA 2831DBCA3235BDAC三、七選五3640AGEDB四、完形填空4145CABDB 4650CAABC 5155DDBAD 5660CBADC五、單詞填空61.whom 62.wonders 63.amazed 64.for 65.beadmitted66.Swifter 67.by 68.why 69.whose70.considering六,單句改錯71.去掉was72.It改There73.build改built74.such改so75.are改is76.care后面加of77.for改of78.willingly改willing79.that改which80.years改year.七、書面表達Onepossibleversion:Recentlyourclasshadadiscussionaboutwhetherebookswillreplaceprintedbooks.Ouropinionsaredivided.Somestudentsthinkthiswillhappen,becauseebookshavealargercapacityandthey’reeasiertocarry.What’smore,theyhelptocutpaperuse.However,othersdisagree.Firstofall,paredwithebooks,printedbooksdolittleharmtooureyes.Second,readingprintedbookscanhelpimprovememory.Besides,printedbookshaveahighervalueforthosewholiketocollect.Inmyopinion,printedbookswon’tbereplacedbyebooksbecausetheyareabetterwaytopreservehumanculture.【文章大意】本文給出了一些我們在給他人提供支持時可以用到的技巧。36.A。根據下文“Itisimportanttomakesurethatthepersonwhoneedsyoursupportfeelsasenseofsafety.”可知,確保需要你的支持的人有安全感是重要的。再根據下文“Anemptyroomisthebestchoiceifitisavailable.”可知,如果能得到一個空房間,那是最好的選擇。再根據“Apeacefulplacejustlikeaparkisagoodchoice,too.”可知,像公園這樣寧靜的地方也是個好的選擇。由此可知,“走到一個安全且安靜的區域”承接下文。37.G。根據下文“Yourquestionsshouldstartwithwordslike‘How’and‘Why’.”可知,你的問題應該用“如何”和“什么”這樣的詞匯來提問。再根據下文“Someexamplesofquestionsare‘Whathappened?’‘Whatwillyoudonext?’and‘Howdidthatmakeyoufeel?’”可知,一些問題的例子像”發生了什么？”“你接下來會做什么？”以及“那讓你感覺怎么樣？”由此可知,“你可以詢問那個人關于發生了什么或者他感受如何”承接下文。38.E。根據上文“Payattentiontoyourbodylanguage.Trytonod,smile,andmakeeyecontactasyou’relistening.Smilingisespeciallyhelpfulinshowingyoursupport.”可知,注意你的肢體語言。當你在聽的時候,試著點頭,微笑,眼神交流。微笑特別有助于表達你的支持。由此可知,“當你聽他說話時,不要交叉雙臂。”是一種肢體語言,符合此空。39.D。根據下文“Don’tjustrepeattheexactsamesentences.Youcouldsaysentenceslike“Itsoundslikeyouaresaying...”or“WhatI’mhearingis...”可知,不要重復一模一樣的句子。你可以說像“聽起來你像是在說……”或者“我聽到的是……”這樣的句子。由此可知,“復述這個人說的話是個好方法。”承接下文。40.B。根據下文“Instead,givehimchancetoexpresshimself