20XX英國戲劇匯報2英國戲劇匯報2目錄ProcessofArgumentation英國戲劇匯報21、ArgumentThispaperdemonstratestheconflictbetweenthestateofnatureandcivilizedsocietyandtheroleofgenderrolesinpoliticaloriginsandpowerrelationsthroughtheportrayalofthethreethemesofrape,race,andconquestinTheTempest,andin-depthunderstandingandsolutiontothesethemesisprovided英國戲劇匯報2ProcessofArgumentation2.1TheactionofTheTempestisineffectastagingofthetraumathroughwhichhumansmovefromthenaturalintothecivilstate英國戲劇匯報25Aristotlehaddeviseda"philosophicalfiction"ofthe"naturallybestialman"againstwhichthecitizencouldbedefined."Purelysensuous"anddrivenbyinstinct,thisprepoliticalcreaturewasincapableofrational,deliberativechoiceandwasthereforeincapableofactiondefinableinmoralterms.Actingwithoutknowledgeofwhetherhisbehaviorwas"vicious,"hecouldnotbejudgedbytherulesandnormsofJordan's"rationalman."However,sincebestialmanwasthe英國戲劇匯報2necessaryorphilosophicalpreconditionofacivilizedcounterpart,hedidnotdisappearoncegovernmentwasestablished.Rather,bestialmanremainsafigureoutsideandpriortolawandmoralitybutnecessaryfortheirimplementationCalibanresemblesbestialman,livinginstinctivelyinrelationtohisenvironment,apparentlywithoutlanguageortheabilitytoformulateconcepts英國戲劇匯報27WhenCalibanbecomesasexedbeing，theproblemoccurs.Hispositioninthefamilyiscompletelyanomalousbecauseheisbothasonandabrotherwithouthavingbeenconstitutedasmale.Heismerelya"thing,"acreature,neithermalenorfemale.CalibanacquiresagencyandsexualityinasinglemomentThecrucialeventintheisland'shistory,transformingthefamilyromanceintoanarrativeofdomination,occurswhenCalibansuddenlybecomesawareofhimselfasinhabitingthemalesubjectposition.Caliban'sfirstact—hisattemptedrapeofMiranda-constituteshimasamasculineagentandheraldshisentryintothesphereofcivility英國戲劇匯報2Afterthat,thefamilyceasestobeanaturalformandbecomesapoliticalstructure,mediatingtherelationshipbetweenrulerandruled.Thisactofviolencenotonlyinstitutesgenderedrelations,inwhichCalibanoccupiesthemasculinizedpositionofaggressor,buttransformsthenaturalworldintoaprimitiveversionofcivilsocietyCalibanintroducessexualrelationsintotheenchantedworldofProspero'sislandbyassaultingMiranda,atransformativeencounterthroughwhichheacquiresagencyintheformofmasculineaggression英國戲劇匯報2Ferdinandsslaveryisineffectanactofpenancethatredeemsthemalesubjectposition,facilitatingProspero'splantoreclaimMilanthroughthepersonofhisdaughter英國戲劇匯報2NEXTOnlyCalibanisawarethatsexualviolenceisthemodethroughwhichpowerisacquired,andheinstructsStephanothatthethingto"mostdeeplyconsider"isgainingcontrolofProspero'sdaughterCaliban'ssolutiontotheproblemoflegitimacyforegroundsthegenderednatureofsovereignviolence,rewritingclassicalnarrativesofpoliticaloriginsinthehighlychargedlanguageofpossessivesexualityinwhichthesameactsarerepeatedsothattheycanberesolvedinadifferentideologicalregister,transformingtheassaultintoamoreappropriateformofmaleaggressionsanctionedbythediscourseoflove英國戲劇匯報2ThefamilyromanceinvolvingProspero,Miranda,andCalibanrepresentsthedoubleprocessbywhichthecivilstateandgenderrelationsareproducedinthesametraumaticpassage2.2InTheTempesttheequalitygeneratedthroughtheintersubjectiveloveofFerdinandandMirandacanbeviewedaspotentiallyprovidinganewversionofthepoliticalalongtheselines2.2.1ThelovebetweenFerdinandandMirandaispowerfulpreciselybecauseitblossomsinaLandinwhichthesocialsphereisalmostentirelylacking英國戲劇匯報2Unlikeotherheroines,MirandaemploysnoartificebutconfrontsFerdinandasabeingbelongingtothesameorderofcreationasherself.Theplaytherebyproposesthatloveinitsnaturalformisalevelerofdistinctions,eradicatingthesexualhierarchythatplaceswomeninthepassivepositionastheobjectofmalesolicitation.ByputtingthequestionofmarriagetoFerdinand,Mirandaexpressesherselffreelyandacknowledgesherselfasabeingworthyofsuchself-expression.Byviolatingthegenderedorderofthings,shedemonstratesthatmarriageisideallyaunionofthosewhorecognizeoneanothernotsimplyasobjectsofaffectionbutalsoassubstantivepartners,whoseequalityiscreatedbytheactofloveitself英國戲劇匯報2NEXT2.2.2DespitethefreedomMirandaexercisesoverherownsexuality,shehasbeensubjectedtothemostbrutalformofmalepowerbyCaliban.thelanguageofrapeandviolationpermeatestheplay.CalibantellsthedrunkenStephano,whettinghisappetitetoassassinateProsperobyrepresentingMirandaasthespoilsfordeposingthetyrant.ByincitingStephano'slust,Calibanreiteratesthesexualassaulthehadcommittedintheisland'sprehistory2.2.3Ferdinand'sreferencetohis"woodenslavery"drawsattentiontohowProsperohasdestroyedtheequalitybetweenFerdinandandMirandabyestablishingamoretraditionalmale-femaledynamicinwhichthemanp英國戲劇匯報2roveshimselfworthybydebasinghimselfandthewomanrewardsthisabasementbygrantinghimherlove.InProspero'seyes,Ferdina