虛擬語氣SubjunctiveMoodFunction（1）表示假設(shè)（2）表示愿望Form非真實(shí)條件句條件句主句與過去事實(shí)相反Ifsb.haddonesth.Sb.would/should/could/mighthavedonesth.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反Ifsb.didsth.Sb.would/should/could/mightdosth.與將來事實(shí)相反Ifsb.didsth.Ifsb.weretodosth.Ifsb.shoulddosth.Sb.would/should/could/mightdosth.Sb.would/should/could/mightdosth.陳述句/祈使句。注意：條件句中有were，had或should時(shí)，如果省略if，則需把were，had或should放在主語前，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g.IfIwereinyourposition,Iwoulddoit.→WereIinyourposition,Iwoulddoit.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句當(dāng)從句謂語動(dòng)詞與主句謂語動(dòng)詞所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，它們的形式要根據(jù)各自所發(fā)生的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。E.g.Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldpasstheexamthistime．(從句指過去，主句指現(xiàn)在)含蓄虛擬語氣有時(shí)，假設(shè)的情況并不用條件從句表達(dá)，而是暗含在上下文中，由without，butfor，otherwise，or等來表達(dá)。E.g.Withoutelectricity,lifewouldbequitedifferenttoday．(介詞)Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavesucceeded．(介詞短語)Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting．(副詞)HetelephonedtoinformmeofyourplanorIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit．(連詞)從句中的虛擬語氣賓語從句A.用于表示建議、愿望、命令等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中，Sb+v.+從句。常見的動(dòng)詞有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，advise，request，urge，mand，remend等。賓語從句中的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。E.g.Theschoolremendsthatparentsnotpermittheirchildrentoswiminriversorlakesduringsummerholidays.同理：Itisdemanded/required/insisted/suggested...thatsb.(should)do提示：當(dāng)suggest作“表明”，insist作“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說”講時(shí)，從句要用陳述語氣。E.g.Theexpressiononhisfacesuggestedthathewasveryangry.Heinsisted(that)heheardsomeoneinthenextroom.B.wish+賓語（規(guī)則如下）對(duì)過去情況的假設(shè)：wish＋主語＋had＋過去分詞對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)：wish＋主語＋動(dòng)詞過去式(be動(dòng)詞通常用were)對(duì)將來情況的假設(shè)：wish＋主語＋would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形C.wouldrather/wouldsooner后跟從句時(shí)用虛擬語氣，表示愿望，意為“寧愿；但愿”。對(duì)過去的假設(shè)：wouldrathersb.haddone對(duì)現(xiàn)在、將來的假設(shè)：wouldrathersb.didE.g.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhefocusedmoreonitsculture.2.主語從句在“Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural/essential＋that從句”中，謂語動(dòng)詞常用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。E.g.Itisimportantthateverymember(should)knowtheserules.固定搭配“Itis(about/high)time＋that從句”中，謂語動(dòng)詞常用過去式或“should＋動(dòng)詞原形(其中should不能省略)”。此句型意為“(現(xiàn)在)該……”，用來表示建議。E.g.Itistimethatyoushouldgo/wenttoschool.2.ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，用虛擬語氣表示愿望。對(duì)過去情況的假設(shè)：ifonly＋主語＋had＋過去分詞對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)：ifonly＋主語＋動(dòng)詞過去式(be動(dòng)詞通常用were)對(duì)將來情況的假設(shè)：ifonly＋主語＋would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形E.g.Lookatthetroublewe’rein．Ifonlywehadtakenourteacher’sadvice!3.asif，asthough表示“似乎”，引導(dǎo)的表語從句和方式狀語從句中常用虛擬語氣與過去事實(shí)相反：asif/asthoughsb.haddone與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：asif/asthoughsb.did(be動(dòng)詞用were)與將來事實(shí)相反：asif/asthoughsbwould/could/mightdo4.forfear(that)、incase意為“唯恐”，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用“should/mightdo”.E.g.Iwillnotmakeanoiseforfearthat/incaseIshould/mightdisturbyou.PS：口語中，謂語動(dòng)詞可以用陳述語氣。5.Ifitwerenotfor...,sb./sth.woulddo如果沒有……Ifithadnotbeenfor...,sb./sth.wouldhavedone如果當(dāng)時(shí)沒有E.g.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnothavefinishedthetasksoeasily.=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,Iwouldnothavefinishedthetasksoeasily.Butfortherain,thecropsshould/woulddie.=Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropsshould/woulddie.6.表示強(qiáng)烈祝愿，用動(dòng)詞原形。E.g.人民萬歲！Longlivethepeople!祝您旅途愉快！Haveagoodjourney!Multiplechoice.1.—Istillhaven’tthankedAuntLucyforherpresent.—It’stimeyou_______.A.do B.did C.had D.would2.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe_______agoal.A.hadscored B.scored C.wouldscore D.wouldhavescored3.Ifonlyhe_______quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.lies B.lay C.hadlain D.shouldlie4.—Yoursisternearlydevotedallhersparetimetohercourseduringthethreeyears.—That’sright,orshe_______thefirstplaceinherschoolinthe2020CollegeEntranceExamination.A.wouldn’ttake B.wouldn’thavetakenC.hadn’ttaken D.couldn’ttake5.—I’msorryIspentsomuchmoney,Dad.—Iwishyou_______so.A.hadn’tdone B.didn’tdo C.haven’tdone D.wouldn’tdo6.Itseemsasifthesun_______roundtheearthsinceitrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.A.circles B.iscircling C.werecircling D.hasbeencircling7.Wereitnotforthesnowyweather,we_______allright.A.wouldbe B.wouldhavebeen C.were D.maybe8.Iwouldhaveeearlier,butI_______thatyouwerewaitingforme.A.didn’tknow B.hadn’tknowC.wouldhaveknown D.haven’tknown9.Iadvisedthathe_______tothehospitalatonce,butheinsistedthathe_______quitewellthen.A.besent;wasfeeling B.wassent;feltC.besent;feel D.shouldbesent;shouldfeel10.Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents_______twoweekstopreparefortheexam.A.give B.shouldgive C.begiven D.wouldbegiven11.IforgetwhereIreadthearticle,orI_______ittoyounow.A.willshow B.wouldshow C.amgoingtoshow D.amshowing

II.Fillingtheblanks.1.IfI________(know)herphonenumber,Iwouldcallherrightaway.解答：knew詳解：這是一個(gè)虛擬條件句，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)。在虛擬條件句中，使用過去式的"knew"來表示與現(xiàn)實(shí)相反的假設(shè)情況。2.IwishI________(be)tallersoIcouldreachthetopshelf.解答：were詳解：這是一個(gè)虛擬愿望句，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。因此使用過去式的"were"來表示與現(xiàn)實(shí)相反的情況。3.Thedoctorremendedthathe________(take)aweekofftorest.解答：take詳解：這是一個(gè)虛擬建議句，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的建議。在虛擬語氣中，動(dòng)詞不需要使用虛擬形式，仍然使用原形。4.Ifshe________(be)morecareful,shewouldn'thavebrokenthevase.解答：hadbeen詳解：這是一個(gè)虛擬條件句，表示對(duì)過去的假設(shè)。在虛擬條件句中，使用過去完成時(shí)的"hadbeen"來表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況。5.It'sessentialthathe________(attend)themeetingtomorrow.解答：attend詳解：這是一個(gè)虛擬命令句，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的要求。在虛擬語氣中，動(dòng)詞不需要使用虛擬形式，仍然使用原形。6.IfI________(be)you,Iwouldapologizetoher.解答：were詳解：這是一個(gè)虛擬條件句，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)。在虛擬條件句中，使用過去式的"were"來表示與現(xiàn)實(shí)相反的假設(shè)情況。7.IwishI________(know)howtoplaythepiano.解答：knew詳解：這是一個(gè)虛擬愿望句，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。因此使用過去式的"knew"來表示與現(xiàn)實(shí)相反的情況。8.Themitteesuggestedthatthenewpolicy________(be)implementedassoonaspossible.解答：be詳解：這是一個(gè)虛擬建議句，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的建議。在虛擬語氣中，動(dòng)詞不需要使用虛擬形式，仍然使用原形。9.Ifthey________(arrive)ontime,theywouldhavecaughtthetrain.解答：hadarrived詳解：這是一個(gè)虛擬條件句，表示對(duì)過去的假設(shè)。在虛擬條件句中，使用過去完成時(shí)的"hadarrived"來表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況。10.It'scrucialthatshe________(submit)thereportbytheendoftheday.解答：submit詳解：這是一個(gè)虛擬命令句，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的要求。在虛擬語氣中，動(dòng)詞不需要使用虛擬形式，仍然使用原形。11.IfI________(have)moremoney,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.解答：had詳解：這是一個(gè)虛擬條件句，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)。在虛擬條件句中，使用過去式的"had"來表示與現(xiàn)實(shí)相反的假設(shè)情況。12.IwishI________(know)howtospeakFrenchfluently.解答：knew詳解：這是一個(gè)虛擬愿望句，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。因此使用過去式的"knew"來表示與現(xiàn)實(shí)相反的情況。13.Theteacherremendedthatthestudents________(read)morebookstoimprovetheirvocabulary.解答：read詳解：這是一個(gè)虛擬建議句，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的建議。在虛擬語氣中，動(dòng)詞不需要使用虛擬形式，仍然使用原形。14.Ifshe________(study)harder,shemighthavepassedtheexam.解答：hadstudied詳解：這是一個(gè)虛擬條件句，表示對(duì)過去的假設(shè)。在虛擬條件句中，使用過去完成時(shí)的"hadstudied"來表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況。15.It'simportantthathe________(be)honestwithhisbossaboutthemistake.解答：be