課時作業(yè)32RobotsⅠ.閱讀理解AIrememberwatchingmyfirstrental(租賃的)moviewhenIwasakid.MyauntownedavideostoreandweborrowedaVHScopyofPoltergeist.In2004,Iwas33yearsold,livinginBendandlookingforapart-timejobtohelpsupportourfamily.Mybestfriend,Mary,asaleswomanattheBlockbuster,suggestedImightlikeworkingwithherattheBlockbuster,andI'vebeenhereeversince.Backthen,therewerefiveBlockbustersinBendalone.Themovie-rentalbusinesswasatitspeak(頂點):wewerestillstoringVHStapesbutDVDswerealsoingin,andbothweredoingwell.WhenitbecameclearthatDVDwasgoingtosupersedeVHS,Igotveryexcitedbecausethosecassettesweresobigandheavy.Ioftendroppedthemonmyfeet.Eventhen,IneverdreamedIwouldendupmanagingthelaststoreintown.Forme,thebestthingaboutthisjobisthepeople.Ilovechattingtocustomersandhearingtheiropinionsonmovies.NowI'mthemanager,however.Ihaveallkindsofotherresponsibilities,likehandlingmountainsofpaperwork.I'mabitlikeanoldpolicemaninamoviewhohatesthedeskjobandlongstogobacktothebeat(巡邏區(qū)域).Ihatebeingthemanager.Thefinalstoreclosureshappenedsofast.Attheendof2017,thereweresevenBlockbustersleftintheUS,butbyearly2019therewasonlyourstoreandoneotherstoreinAustralia,intheworld.SinceMarchwhenonlyourstoreremained,thingshavebeencrazy.Thelocalmunityhasbeensurprisinglysupportive,andpeoplehaveefromallovertheworldtorentmovies:we'resetupcloseto5,000newmemberships.Mostofthemareregulars.I'llbesadtoseetheendofvideostores.Wehaveseveralyearsleftonourlease(租期)and,aslongaswecancontinuetopayourstaff,we'llstayopen.Beingthelaststorehasgiventhebusinessapushandwe'resellingBlockbustersouvenirs.I'vewatchedenoughmoviestorealizethere'sanendtoeverything,buthopefullytheendingofthisstoryisalongwayoff.本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，介紹了作者對影片租賃的商店Blockbuster的摯愛。1．WhatcanwelearnabouttheBlockbuster?A．Itwasquitepopularinthepast.B．ItwasmainlyfoundinAmerica.C．Itprovidedmanypart-timejobsforkids.D．Itofferedworkershighsalaries.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的Mybestfriend...andbothweredoingwell.可知，影片租賃商店Blockbuster在過去很受人們的歡迎。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“supersede”inParagraph3probablymean?A．bine. B．Substitute.C．Copy. D．Represent.答案：B解析：詞義猜測題。通讀第三段的Igotveryexcitedbecause...onmyfeet.可知，DVD將取代VHS。3．WhydoestheauthorsaythingshavebeencrazysinceMarch?A．BecausefewpeoplewanttoworkinBlockbusters.B．BecausemanyBlockbustershavebrokendown.C．BecauseVHStapesandDVDsbecamehardtobuy.D．Becausetheirstorebecamepopularunexpectedly.答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的SinceMarchwhenonly...havebeencrazy.可知，是因為作者發(fā)現(xiàn)許多人前來支持她們的商店。BInfluenza(moremonlycalledflu)caneasilyspreadaspeoplemoveabout,makingtrackingandforecastingfluactivityachallenge.WhiletheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)continuouslymonitorspatientvisitsforflu-likeillnessintheUS,thisinformationcanlag(落后)uptotwoweeksbehindrealtime,makingitunabletoofferaccurateprediction.AnewstudyatBostonChildren'sHospital,binestwoforecastingmethodswithmachinelearningtoestimate(估計)localfluactivity.ItsresultsarepublishedtodayinNaturemunications.TheARGONetapproachusesmachinelearningandtwofludetectionmodels.Thefirstmodel,ARGO,usesinformationfromelectronichealthrecords,flu-relatedGooglesearchesandhistoricalfluactivityinagivenlocation.Inthestudy,ARGOalonedidbetterthanGoogleFluTrends,thepreviousforecastingsystemthathadwonmuchfameinpredictingflusinceitoperatedin2008.Toimproveaccuracy,ARGONetaddsasecondmodel,whichdrawsonspatial-temporal(時空的)patternsoffluspreadinneighboringareas.“Itemploysthefactthatthepresenceoffluinnearbylocationsmayincreasetheriskofexperiencingadiseaseoutbreakatagivenlocation，”explainsSantillana,anassistantprofessoratHarvardMedicalSchool.Themachinelearningsystemwasthenfedwithflupredictionsfrombothmodelsaswellasactualfludata,helpingtoreduceerrorsinthepredictions.“Thesystemcontinuouslyevaluatesthepredictivepowerofeachindependentmethodandadjustshowtheinformationshouldbeusedtoproduceimprovedfluestimates，”saysSantillana.Theinvestigatorsbelievetheirapproachwillsetafoundationforaccuratepublichealthininfectiousdiseases.“Ibelieveourmodelswillsurelybeemoreaccurateovertimeasmoreonlinesearchdataarecollectedandasmorehealthcareprovidersoffercloud-basedelectronichealthrecords，”saysFredLu,aninvestigatorandfirstauthoronthepaper.本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種新型的流感預(yù)報系統(tǒng)。4．WhydoestheCDChaveinaccurateforecastsofflu?A．Ithaspostponedresearchdata.B．Itfailstousecurrenttechnology.C．Ithasalimitedrangeofresearch.D．Itfindsithardtotrackfluactivity.答案：A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的．..thisinformationcanlaguptotwoweeksbehindrealtime...可知，因為疾控中心獲取的流感數(shù)據(jù)有延遲，所以預(yù)報的流感也并不準(zhǔn)確。5．Whatmightbethetheoreticalbasisofthesecondmodel?A．Everythingchangeswiththeflowoftime.B．It'simportanttoadapttotheenvironment.C．Onecansucceedbyfocusingononethingatime.D．Surroundingenvironmentscanhaveabiginfluence.答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的．..thepresenceoffluinnearbylocationsmayincreasetheriskofexperiencingadiseaseoutbreakatagivenlocation可知，周邊的環(huán)境對當(dāng)?shù)氐牧鞲杏泻艽笥绊憽?．WhatmightbeFredLu'sattitudetowardARGONet?A．Positive. B．Objective.C．Concerned. D．Indifferent.答案：A解析：觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段的Ibelieveourmodelswillsurelybeemoreaccurateovertime...可知，F(xiàn)redLu對新的流感預(yù)測系統(tǒng)非常有信心，持積極的態(tài)度。Ⅱ.七選五What'sthepurposeofbuildingpatienceabilities?Inaword,happiness.Betterrelationships,moresuccess.Butindeedittakeseffortstobuildthemsuccessfully.__1__Thus,whenthebigonese,wewillhavedevelopedthepatienceweneedforhardtimes.Understandtheaddictivenatureofangerandimpatience.We,humanbeings,arestillconstructedwithouroldreptilian(爬行動物的)brainthatprotectsourphysicalandemotionalsurvival.Ontheemotionalsurvivalside,wewantourwaytogetahead,toachieve,andto“l(fā)ookgood”.Let'sjustfaceit.__2__Sothefirststepingrowingpatienceistogetintouchwiththeaddictivequalityoftheoppositeofpatience—anger,impatience,blameandshame.Weallhavethem.Andwecangrowbeyondthem.Upgradeourattitudetowardsdisfortandpain.Painhasitspurposesandpushesustofindsolutions—wetrytochangetheotherperson,situationorthingthatwethinkiscausingourdisfort.Buttheproblemisthatitisnottheoutsidethingthat'sthesourceofourpain,buthowourmindisset.__3__Payattentionwhentheimpatienceorpainstarts.Mostofusdon'treallyrealizeitwhenwearefeelingeventhesmallest—butverypresent—painfulfeelings.__4__Buttoreallycareforourselves,getcuriousaboutwhat'sactuallyhappeninginthemomentinsideyou.Focusingonwhat'sactuallyhappening,youcannoticetheworryofnotwantingwhat'shappening,theresistance.__5__Whenyoufindyourselfimpatient,orangrywithyourself,youcanremindyourselfthatyouaregrowing,andthat,“Sure,thisisunderstandable;thisiswhathappenstomewhenI'mbothered.”Youcansaytoyourself,“It'strue.Idon'tlikethis;thisisunfortable,butIcantolerateit.”A．Practicepositiveself-talk.B．Sothesolutiontopainisaninsidejob.C．Patienceabilitiesbenefityouinmanyways.D．Learntoforgiveyourselfforbeingimpatientinhardtimes.E．Weignorethefactthatwe'reinpainandfocuspletelyonfixingtheproblem.F．Theurgetoprotectourselvesandwhatweconsidervaluableisabsolutelyhabit-forming.G．Effectivewaysareremendedtotrainourselvestoworkwithlittlepainandannoyance.本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了培養(yǎng)耐心的幾個有效的方法。1．G解析：根據(jù)空前一句以及空后一句“Thus,whenthebigonese,wewill...hardtimes.”可知，成功地培養(yǎng)耐心需要花費(fèi)精力，因而推薦一些有效的方法用來訓(xùn)練我們應(yīng)對痛苦及煩惱的能力，因此當(dāng)更大的麻煩來臨時，我們將已經(jīng)有耐心應(yīng)對困難的時刻。故G項符合語境。2．F解析：根據(jù)空后的“Sothefirststep...blameandshame.”可推知，保護(hù)我們自己和我們認(rèn)為有價值的東西的沖動絕對是由習(xí)慣養(yǎng)成的，因此要做的第一步就是了解負(fù)面情緒根深蒂固的本性。故選F。3．B解析：根據(jù)空前一句“Buttheproblemisthatitisnottheoutsidethingthat'sthesourceofourpain,buthowourmindisset.”可知，問題不是出現(xiàn)在引起痛苦的外在因素上面，而是出現(xiàn)在我們的思考方式上，因此解決痛苦是一種內(nèi)在的活動。故選B。4．E解析：根據(jù)空前一句“Mostofusdon'treallyrealizeit...painfulfeelings.”及空后的“getcuriousaboutwhat'sactuallyhappeninginthemomentinsideyou.”可知，我們經(jīng)常忽略了這樣一個事實，即我們處于痛苦之中，而我們的關(guān)注的焦點總是全部集中在解決問題上。5．A解析：根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)和空處所在位置可知，空處為段落主題句；通讀本段可知，本段主要是說要積極地自我對話，故A項符合語境。Ⅲ.語法填空Humansarenaturallygoodatfocusingonspecificvoicesamongthenoise—aphenomenon__1__(know)asthecocktailparty(雞尾酒會)effect.However,automaticspeechseparationremainstobeabit__2__(challenge)forputers.Nowanewprogramcouldstop__3__(listen)tobackgroundnoiseinvideosinordertohear__4__aparticularpersononscreenissaying.Theprogram—anewArtificialIntelligence(AI)system—__5__(design)byGoogleresearchers.Itcouldusebothaudioandvisualcues(提示),suchasmouthmovements,__6__(separate)soundsfromdifferentspeakersinvideos.ResearcherstestedtheirAIsystemoncocktailparty—likeshortvideosthathadtwoorthreepeopletalkingwitheachother,withvarious__7__(level)ofbackgroundnoise.Bywatchingandlisteningtothevideos,itcoulddistinguishwhichsounds