Revision

of

ThepassiveInfinitive不定式被動式講與練不定式語法不定式的時態和語態

不定式有時態和語態的變化，時態共四種，即一般式、完成式、進行式和完成進行式。語態分為主動語態和被動語態，如下表所示。語態時態主動語態被動語態一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進行式tobedoing/完成進行式tohavebeendoing/

當動詞不定式的邏輯主語是動詞不定式所表示的動作的執行者時用主動語態；當動詞不定式的邏輯主語是動詞不定式所表達的動作的承受者時用被動語態。進行式和完成進行式沒有被動語態。

一、不定式的被動形式有以下用法1．作主語：

Itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.2．作賓語：

SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.一當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要采用被動形式。．3．構成復合賓語：

Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Shedidn’tlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat.4．構成復合謂語：

Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.5．作定語：

Areyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldintheteachers’office?6．作狀語：

Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.二、不定式有時還可以有完成式的被動式，在句中作主語、賓語、定語，或者構成復合賓語、復合謂語等，如：Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.〔主語〕Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo.(賓語)〕Hethoughtitanhonourtohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.〔復合賓語〕Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.〔復合謂語〕Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.〔定語〕三、不定式的主動形式表示被動1．在therebe結構中。例如：

Thereisalotofhomeworktodo．(也可用tobedone)

Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).

三、不定式的主動形式表示被動2．在“n／pron+be+adj+todo”結構中。常用的形容詞有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerous等。例如：

Heishardtoconvince.Heisanimpossiblepersontoworkwith．

3.在“too—todo;enough…to…”結構中。如：Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout(tobeworkedout)．Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.4．在“with+n+todo”結構中。例如：

Withnothingtodo，helayinbed．

Withsomanyexercisestodo，Ican‘tgotothecinema．5．當不定式的邏輯主語在句中出現時。

例如：

Ihavealettertotypetoday．

(I是totype的邏輯主語)

Doyouhaveanythingtosay?(you是tosay的邏輯主語)6．當不定式隱含在forsbtodo結構中時。例如：

Thisisthebestbooktoread(=forus／youtoread)．

Theimportantthingtodoistolockthedoorwhenweleavethehouse．

7．一些作表語用的不定式的主動形式。常見的這類動詞有let(出租)，rent，

hire，blame等。例如：

Thehouseistolet．

Ifeltlwastoblame.NOTICE動詞不定式主動語態形式的使用要比被動語態形式的使用普遍，有時〔尤其在口語中〕雖然意思上是被動的，也往往用主動語態形式來表示。Ihavethreemotorstorepairtoday.Thetaskisdifficulttofinishontime.1.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seenExercise

B2.Ihurriedtothemeetinghall,only____thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.toldB3.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth,sheappears____everything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentoldD4.LittleTomshouldlove____tothetheaterthisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.takingA5.Itissaidthatplasticscanbeusedto____manythings.Nowpeopleareusedto____plasticsproducts.A.make;usingB.making;usingC.making;useD.make;useA6.Withalotofproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledC7.He___andwasmadetorepeatit.A.didn’tunderstandB.didn’tbeunderstoodC.wasn’tunderstandD.wasn’tunderstoodD8.Thepupilshere____allkindsofexerciseseverydayinthepastfourweeks.A.keptbusydoingB.keepondoingC.havekeptbusydoingD.havebeenkeptbusydoingD9.Visitors____nottotouchtheexhibits.A.willrequestB.requestC.arerequestingD.arerequestedD10.Insomepartsoftheworld,tea____withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.servedBThepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier________itmoredifficult.(MET99)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake

不定式與高考題2.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______inmynewjob.(MET2000)A.ExpectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects3.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouplesbutitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit.(MET2001)A.toseeB.seenC.seeingD.tobeseen4.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_______tocarryallthewayhome.(MET2003)A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch5.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(2001年北京春季高考)

A.Tosleep

B.Sleeping

C.Sleep

D.Havingsleep6.Withalotofdifficultproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(2002年上海春季高考)A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled7.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole___inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.(2003上海春季高考)A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying8.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystateruncompaniesaretrying___theirproductsmorecompetitive.(2002上海春季高考)A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade催乳師培訓催乳師培訓wpd80xry事情盡在掌握之中?！薄皠倓偰阏f自己不會打架對吧？”“嗯嗯嗯，我就是那種戰斗力是5的渣渣?！蹦饺萘鑺钨澩狞c了點頭?！叭绻嫒リJ蕩江湖，絕對會成炮灰。”“可否精通琴棋書畫？”夏先生繼續問道?！熬ú桓耶?，古典樂器是學過幾種；圍棋不會，但五子棋可是能秒殺普通高手；至于書法嘛……我的草書也是獨具特色，一般人欣賞不了；哦，對了，我還會素描，不過這里還沒有2B鉛筆吧……”慕容凌娢還想繼續說下去，但看到滿頭黑線的夏先生，還是很識相的閉嘴了。第012章難道又被騙了“精通不敢當，古典樂器學過幾種；圍棋不會，但五子棋可是能秒殺普通高手；至于書法嘛……我的草書也是獨具特色，一般人根本欣賞不了；哦，對了，我還會素描，不過這里還沒有2B鉛筆吧……”慕容凌娢還想繼續說下去，但看到滿頭黑線的夏先生，還是很識相的閉嘴了?！霸蹅冞€是再換一個話題吧。”他現在都