Unit3WhateverHappenedUnit3WhateverHappenedtoSectionFourConsolidation1.Phrase1.getawayfromsthbecomedifferentfromwhatitshouldbelike避免，與……e.g.Thebookproducesanewimageofteacherwhichgetsawayfromthestereotype這本書描繪2.pulloutintotraffic=moveoutontothemainroade.g.Themurdererwindeddownthewindowandpulledoutintotraffic.兇手搖下車窗，將車駛Hewavedmegoodbyeandpulledoutintotraffic.3.onthereceivingend=whoreceivessth.接收方；betheonewhosufferssomethinge.g.Noonewanttobeonthereceivingendofgameplaying.游戲中，誰也不想成為被動的一4.goalongwayproduceafar-reachingeffecte.g.Tomorrow’sgamewillgoalongwaytowarddeterminingtheirteam’s2.Wordmatter:tobeimportant,ortoaffectwhate.g.Wewerelatebutitdidn’tseemtohappen:whensomethinghappens,thereisanevent,especiallyonethatisnote.g.It’simportanttopredictwhatwillhappencare:ifyoucareaboutsomething,youfeelthatitisimportantandareconcernedaboute.g.Doesanybodyknowwe’rehere,doesanybodymind:totakecareofsomeoneore.g.SheaskedmeifI’dmindthechildrenforanhourwhileshewenthurry:todosomethingorgosomewheremorequicklythanusual,especiallybecausethereisnotmuchtimee.g.Ihatehavingtohurryarush:ifyourushsomewhere,yougotheree.g.Aschoolgirlrushedintoaburningflattosaveaman’shasten:youhastensomethingbyactinginordertomakeithappene.g.Hehastenedtothequicken:tobecomequickerormakesomethinge.g.Rayglancedathiswatchandquickenedhiscopartner:ajointpartner(asinabusinesse.g.Sheisacopartnerofalaw1coworker:yourcoworker:yourcoworkerissomeoneyouworkwith,especiallypeopleonthesamejoborprojectasyoue.g.Acoworkerurgedhimtoseeapsychiatrist,butFaulknercolleague:yourcolleaguesarethepeopleyouworkwith,especiallyinaprofessionale.g.We’reentertainingsomecolleaguesofBen’scooperative:abusinessororganizationownedequallybyallthepeopleworkinge.g.Theydecidedtosetupapullup:whenacarorsomeonedrivingacarpullup,thedriverstopsthecar,oftenforashorte.g.Acarpulledupoutsidemypullout:ifavehiclepullsout,itstartsmovingontoaroadorontoadifferentpartofthee.g.Acarpulledrightoutinfrontofpulloff:todriveacaroffaroadinordertostop,ortoturnintoasmallere.g.Wepulledofftheroadtogetsomepulldown:toearnaparticularamountofe.g.Heispullingdown$5,000amanner:thewayinwhichpeoplebehaveandtalkwhentheyarewithotherpeople,forexamplewhethertheyarepolite,confidentorbad-temperede.g.Hismannerwasself-assuredandbehaviour:thethingthatapersonoranimale.g.Itisimportanttorewardgoodact:somethingthatyoue.g.Thesimpleactoftellingsomeoneaboutaproblemcanway:thewaysofaparticularpersonorgroupofpeoplearetheircustomsortheirusuale.g.Hehasratherstrangegraceful:behaveinapleasante.g.Shefinallyapologized,butshewasn’tverygracefulaboutgracious:behavinginapolite,kind,andgenerousway,especiallytopeopleofalowere.g.Sibylwasthemostgracious,helpful,andgenerouspersontoworkgrateful:ifyouaregratefulforsomethingthatsomeonehasgivenyouordoneforyou,youhaveawarm,friendlyfeelingtowardsthemandwishtothanktheme.g.Shewasgratefultohimforbeingsogoodtogrand:splendidinstyleandappearance;attractingadmirationande.g.Theyalwaysentertaintheirguestsinagrandmenu:alistofallthekindsoffoodthatareavailableforameal,especiallyinae.g.Couldwehavethemenu,cookbook:abookthatcontainsrecipesforpreparinge.g.Thisisahousethatspecializesinrecipe:asetofinstructionsforcookingaparticulartypeofe.g.Hisrecipewillbeenoughforfouringredient:afoodthatisusedwithotherfoodsinthepreparationofaparticulare.g.Thelistofingredientsincluded250gofhuge:extremelylargeinsize,amount,ore.g.Thereshoesmakemyfeetlookenormous:emphasizingthegreatdegreeorextentofe.g.Itwasanenormousvast:extremelye.g.Avastaudiencewatchedthecolossal:usedtoemphasizethatsomethingisextremelye.g.Thewholeholidaywasacolossalwasteof3.Synonym/Givesynonymsorantonymsofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitis1.…nevergivingawaveornodofappreciationwhenanothermotoristletsthempulloutintoSynonyms:thanks,2InourlazinessweInourlazinesswethinkthatsomethinglikeasimple“Thankyou”doesn’treallyAntonyms:activeness,liveliness,briskness,Wecan’tbetrulystylishwithoutgoodSynonyms:fashionable,graceful,Haven’tyounoticedthatthekindest,mostgenerouspeopleseemtokeepgettingAgraciousmannernotonlysetsanexcellentexampleforyourchildrenandgrandchildrenbutitaddspanachetoyourimage.Synonyms:nice,courteous,polite,IknowweallhavebusyButwhensomeonedoesstopandturnaroundandgenuinelyapologizes,doesn’titmeltawaymost—ifnotall—oftheirritationyoufelt?Synonyms:annoyance,vexation,displeasure,Andpunctualityisnotathingofthepast,Antonyms:promptness,timekeeping,4.WordFillintheblankineachsentencewithanappropriateformofthegivencapitalizedwordinthebrackets.1..Thenext-doorneighboursaresounfriendlythatwehavestoppedtryingtotalktothem.(friend)2.Yes,IcanspeakalittleSpanishbecauseIspentsomeofmyboyhoodinSpain.(boy)3.Thedoctordealtwiththehystericalpatientwithunderstanding.(understand)4.There’sareceptionattheBritishEmbassytonight.(receive)Thedisappearanceofthemoneyfromthecash-boxshowsthatsomebodyinthisofficeisathief.Youmustacceptthedecisionofthecommittee.TomandTimaretwinbrothers.Theylookexactlyalike,differingonlyinheight.(difference)8.Torelievethetrafficcongestion,thegovernmenthasbuiltseveralelevatedroadsinthecity.1.friend(n.)朋友，友人，支持者friendship(n.)友誼，友好friendliness(n.)友好，親切.)unfriendlyadj.)e.gShesmiledathim,afriendlysmile.Cheerfulnessisthebasisoffriendliness.Whatwearedoingnowiswastefulofresourcesandunfriendlytoenvironment.我們現在做boyish(adj.)像男孩子的boyhood(n.)少年時代boylish(adj.)boyishness(n.)少年，幼稚，孩子e.g.Ithadperhapsbeenhisboyishdefiance.Thepictureremindsmeofmyboyhood.3Hewasconsciousofcolouring,andwasannoyedathisboyishness.他感到一陣臉紅，為自3.Hewasconsciousofcolouring,andwasannoyedathisboyishness.他感到一陣臉紅，為自3.understandvunderstanding(n.)了解，理解，個人見解，非正式協understandingly(adv.)諒解地understandable(adj.)可理解的，能夠懂的understandability(n.)易懂性，可理解性understandableness(n.)不可理解misunderstand(v.)誤會，誤解misunderstanding(n.)誤會，誤解e.g.Hedidnotunderstandtheimportanceofthisquestion.ItisunderstandablethathewishestostudyintheUSA他要在美國學習的愿望是可以理解Theypretendedtomisunderstandme.Wemustclearawaythemisunderstanding.4.receive（v.）收到，接到，受到receiving(n.)接收，買賣贓物receivable(adj.)可收到的，應收的receivability(n.)可以接受，可接納e.g.Nothingismoreimportantthantoreceiveeducation.Inthemodernworld,smokingisnolongerbeconsideredtobeareceivableactivityin5.appear（v.）出現，顯得，出版，抵達disappear(v.)消失，不見disappearance(n.)e.g.Frecklesappearonherfaceeverysummer每年夏天她臉上都顯露（日曬的）Inappearanceitisaverystrongbuilding.從外表來看，這座大樓是很堅固的Onebyonehissymptomsdisappeared.Noonecouldtellthereasonofthedisappearanceofthemoney.誰也說不清楚這些錢丟失的6.decide（v.）決定，判斷decision(n.)決定，決策decisiveness(n.)堅決，果斷decisive(adj.)決定性的e.g.They'vedecidedtobuythehouseinthecountry.Butitisadecidedlyclimate-unfriendlystrategy但這種策略肯定會對氣候不利Havetheyreachedadecisionyet?他們作出決定了么Hehasadecisivecharacter.他性格果斷4different(adj.)different(adj.)differential(adj.)差別的，特定的，微分的differentiation(n.)區別，分化，變異e.g.Everycountryhassomethingthatdifferencesitfromanother.每個國家自有與別國不同之Heshookhishead,forhethoughtdifferentlyEachwriter'sstylediffersfromthatofanother.8.elevator(n(.)elevation(n.)?elevatoryadje.g.Youcantaketheescalatortoyourright,ortheelevatortoyourleft.您可以搭您右手邊的電Goodbooksmayelevatethemind.Myelevationwatchjustshown5,600meters.我看了一下?拔表，只有5600米IIGrammar1."more…than"Youusemorethanconstructiontoindicatethatthereisagreateramountofsomethingthanbeforeorthanaverage,orthansomethingelse.e.g.ThisparcelisheavierthanthatJohnisaworkermoreefficientthan※Youcanuse“alittle”,“alot”,“abit”,“agreatdeal”,“any”,“far”,“even”“still”,and“much”infrontofmorethanconstruction.e.g.TomisalittleyoungerthanTim.Yougetfarmorethanyoupayforit.CompletethesentencesusingacomparativeChildrenusedtobequiet.Nowadaystheyseemtobemuch I’mgettingold.Thisisajobfora You’restandingtoonearthecamera.Canyoumoveabit Chinahasapopulation thananyothercountryinTheweatherofHarbininwinter thanthatofHeranafeveryesterdaybutfeelsfar 1.morenoisy2.younger3.further4.larger5.colder6.2."as…ss"Thebasicpatternof"as...As"constructionisas+adjective/adverb+e.g.JohnisasbrightasTheswimmingpoolisn'taswideasthat5※Youcanuse“just”,“almost”,“nearly”,“quite”※Youcanuse“just”,“almost”,“nearly”,“quite”infrontof"as…as"e.g.ListeningskillsarejustasimportantasMaybeIdidn'tloveyouquiteasoftenasIshouldCompletethesentencesusingthe“as…as”constructionorthecomparativesoftheadjectivesgiven.Maryisjust (pale)before.SheneedsmoreAreyougoingtowatchthefootballgame?Ibelieveitwillcertainlybe (exciting)itwaslastDon’tworryaboutSusan.Shehasn’tbeen (unlucky)she—Areyoufeelingany (good)?—Yes，I'mfineTheexperimentwasmuch (easy)thanwehadexpected.Thefashionshowisnotnearly (bad)peopleaspaleas(Thepremodifierismoreexcitingthan(Thepremodifierisasunluckyas4.better5.easier6.asbad3.theThesuperlativeconstructionisusedwhenthreeormorethanthreepeopleorthingsarecompared.Inthisconstructionthereisusuallyascopeofcomparisonwhichmaybeexpressedbyaprepositionalphrase,arelativeclause,oranon-finiteclause.Sometimesthescopeofcomparisonisunderstoodinthecontextandneednotbeexpressed.Insomesetexpressions,ascopeofcomparisonisunnecessaryatall.Thenegativeformofthesuperlativeconstructionis"theleast",which,inpracticalusage,isusuallyreplacedbythesuperlativedegreeofantonymousadjectivesoradverbs.e.g.ThisistheleastdifficultbookIhaveeverTheideaofhighestdegreecanalsobeexpressedbyotherconstructions.Insomecontextsthepositiveorcomparativedegreeexpressesthesamemeaningasisusuallyconveyedbythee.g.GeorgedidmoreworkthananyoneNothinginmylifeshookmesodeeplyasmyfirstvisittoUsesuperlativesorcomparativesoftheadjectivesgiventocompletetheIpreferthischairtotheotherone.It’s That’s (funny)jokeIhaveeverNowI’verealizedthatgivingupmyjobis (bad)mistakeIhaveeverRacing (interesting)sportI'veeverknown.TheYellowRiveristhesecond (long)riverinWhichisthe (large)country,CanadaorAustralia?morecomfortable;(Thecomparativeformisusedbecausetwochairsarebeingthefunniest;(Whenanounispostmodifiedbyarelativeclauseoraprepositionalphrase,asuperlativeisusedtopremodifyit.)thethemostlongest(Whenthereisanordinalnumberbeforeanoun,asuperlativeisusedaftertheordinallarger(Thecomparativeformisusedbecausetwocountriesarebeing6III.TranslationIII.Translation 在音樂會上，歌手每唱完一首美妙動聽的歌曲，觀眾便高聲?彩表示欣賞。"Appreciation"meanstheactofunderstandingofthenatureormeaningorqualityormagnitudeofsomething.Attheconcert,wheneverasingerfinishedsingingabeautifulsong,theaudiencewouldburstintoloudcheerstoshowtheirappreciation.TheappreciationoffinewineandthatoffineintellectualdistinctionsoftengoAppreciationofworksofartisboundtobedominatedbyaparticularkindofItseemsremarkablethattherewassuchgeneralappreciationofEinstein's 她是個穿著時髦的人，但對飲食很少講究。Ifyouarestylish,youhaveeleganceortasteorrefinementinmannersordress,oryouareinaccordancewithcurrentsocialfashions.Sheisalwayswearingstylishclothes,butseldomcaresaboutwhatsheeatsorHeiswearingasuitwithshoulderstrapsanddoingastylishArmani'sloose,stylishjacketswereseenasawelcomeChongqingisnotastylishcity,andthisis,ofcourse,apitytoits 頒獎時，主席贊美獲獎者為人類做出了巨大貢獻。"Compliment"isanexpressionofpraise,congratulationorWhenawardingtheprize,thechairmancomlimentedthewinneronhisgreatcontributiontoMrs.WilsonrejectedthecomplimentbyraisinghereyebrowinHeangledforHecanturnpretty4這只是例行的體格檢查，無須太緊張。"Routine"isacourseofactiontobefollowedregularly;astandardprocedureorasetofnormalprocedures,oftenperformedmechanically.Itisjustaroutinephysicalcheckup,nothingtogetworried7I'mboredwiththesameI'mboredwiththesameoldroutinedayafterYouneedabreakfromLaterthatday,insteadofsendingitforroutinefiling,heplacedthereportinafolderinalockeddrawerofhisdesk.IV.Exercisesforintegrated1.Mother’sDayiscelebrated/onthesecondSundayinMay./Onthisoccasion,/Motherusuallyreceivesgreetingcardsandgifts/fromherhusbandandchildren./Formostmothers,/therarestandbestgift/isadayofrest./Often,/familieshonorMother/bytakingheroutfordinner./Insomehouseholds/thehusbandandchildren/takeovermealpreparations/sothatMomcanspendawholeday/awayfromthekitchen./Servingherbreakfastinbed/isanotherfamilyritual./Laterintheday,/parentsmaytaketheirchildren/tovisittheirgrandparents./Flowersareanimportantpartoftheday./Mothersareoftengivencorsages/fortheoccasion,/particularlyiftheyareelderly.2.FillineachblankinthepassagebelowwithONEwordyouthinkItissometimessaidthattheEnglishareapolitepeople.Thiscanmakelife(1)difficultforforeigners.SupposeaforeignboyasksanEnglishgirltogooutwithhimandshesays“(2)IfIfinishmywork,I’llmeetyouintherestaurantat7o’clock.”Isshesaying“yes”or“no”tohis(3)Ingrammaticaltermssheisusingtheconditionalstructure.(4)Byusingtheconditional,speakersofEnglish(5)avoidusingadirect“yes”or“no”answertoaquestion.Oftenthisisveryuseful.It(6)enablespeopletobediplomatic.Ifthegirldidn’twanttogowiththeboyshe(7)turnupattherestaurant.Shewilllethimsupposesheisstillworking.Ifshewantedtogooutwithhim,butdidn’twanttoappeartoo(8)easytocatch,shehasachievedthatwithher(9)Butinthiscase,assheusedthefirstconditional(if+presentsimple+future)whichindicatesprobability,sheisquite(10)likelytoturnupattherestaurant.Beingpolitecansometimesmakelifeverycomplicated.difficult:Hereyoucanuseawordmeaning“hard”.Accordingtothefollowingexample,wedon’tknowwhetherthegirlwillgotherestaurantornot,sothisanswerisdifficulttobeif:Awordleadingadverbialclauseisneededinvitation:Theboywantstoaskthegirlout.Thisisan by:Youneedaprepositionheretoshowthatyouractioncanenableyoutoachieveavoid:Hereyouneedawordtomeanthatyouchoosenottodosomething(say“yes”orenables:HereyouneedawordtoshowthattheconditionalstructuregivesthesparkersofEnglishtheopportunitytobediplomatic.turn:Thiswordcollocateswith“up”tomeaneasy:Itishardtoguesswhattherealanswerisfromthegirl.Whydoesshebehavelikebut:Hereyouneedawordtoshowthechangeinlikely:Hereyouneedwordmeaning81.1.GivingaOnthebasisofyourownlifeexperiences,giveatalkonthesignificanceofsaying“Thankyou”tootherswhohavedoneyouafavor,helpedyou,orcooperatedwithyou.Probablyyoucouldbeginyourtalkwith“Iamalwaysreadytohelpothers.AsIdon’tcarewhetherthoseIhelpsay‘Thankyou’tomeornot,Iusuallytakeitforgrantedthatmyparents,teachers,classmates,orfriendsshouldhelpmewithoutexpectingmetosay‘Thanks’tothem.NowIhavecometorealizehowmuchdifferenceasimple‘Thankyou’canmake.”Youmayusethefollowingwordsorexpressionsinyourappreciation,compliment,grateful,genuinely,cherish,gracious,lookgood,fromthebottomofone’sheart,hiddenbeauty,inagreatmoodYoumaywanttoexpresstheviewpointsasSaying“Thankyou”cansincerelyshowyourappreciationtothepersonwhohelpsSaying“Thankyou”isapositivefeedback.ThepersonyouthankedmayfeelSaying“Thankyou”mayshowyourinner2.HavingaChinaisacountryknownforgoodmanners,butwecanstillfindsomepeoplebeingimpoliteintheirspeechandbehavior.Ingroupsoffourorfiveexchangeexamplesofbadmannersyouhaveseeninyourdailylifeanddiscusstheimportanceofpracticingsocialetiquetteifwewanttoattainharmonyinourlives.Youmaywanttogivesomeexamplesofbadmannersasusingdirtywordsinspeech,spittingeverywhere,littering,graffito,defacingpublic…YoumaywanttoexpressthefollowingFromtheperspectiveofanindividual,socialetiquetteisanimportantindicationofone’sinnerquality.socialoutlook,moralstandards,levelofcivilization,characteristicsofcultureandqualitiesofitscitizens.VI.WritingCoordinatingCoordinatingconjunctionsconnectwords,phrases,andclauses,buttheymustalwaysjoinsimilarelements:e.g.subject+subject,verb+verb,object+object,andsentence+sentence.Whenacoordinatingconjunctionisusedtojoinelements,theelementsbecomecompoundelements.Therearesevencoordinatingconjunctions:and,but,for,nor,or,so,andyet.Torememberallthesevencoordinatingconjunctionsinabetterway,wemightwanttolearntheacronym:FANBOYS.F=for;A=and;N=nor;B=but;O=or;Y=yet;S=so.LookatthefollowingexamplesIhatetowasteasingledropofsquideyeballstew,foritisexpensiveandtime-consumingtomake.(Forconnectstwoclauses,andindicatestheresult-causerelationshipbetweenthetwoThebowlofsquideyeballstewishotanddelicious.(Andconnectstwowordsandindicatestheadditionrelationshipbetweenthetwowords.)Rockyrefusestoeatdrycatfood,norwillhetouchasaucerofsquideyeballstew.(Norconnectstwoclauses,andindicatestheadditionofnegativecharacterrelationshipbetweenthetwoclauses.)Rocky,myorangetomcat,loveshavinghisheadscratchedbuthatesgettinghis9trimmed.(Butconnectstwophrases,andindicatesthecontrastbetweentwoThesquideyeballstewissothickthatyoucaneatitwithaforkorspoon.(Orconnectstwowordsandindicatestheoptionalrelationshipbetweenthetwowords.)Rockytrimmed.(Butconnectstwophrases,andindicatesthecontrastbetweentwoThesquideyeballstewissothickthatyoucaneatitwithaforkorspoon.(Orconnectstwowordsandindicatestheoptionalrelationshipbetweenthetwowords.)RockyterrorizesthepoodlesnextdooryetadorestheGermanshepherdacrossthestreet.(Yetconnectstwoclauses,andindicatestheoppositionbetweenthetwoclauses.)EventhoughIaddedcreamtothesquideyeballstew,Rockyignoredhisserving,soIgotaspoonandateitmyself.(Soconnectstwoclauses,andindicatesthecause-resultrelationshipbetweenthetwoclauses.)Fillintheblankswithappropriatecoordinating1.Makehaste, you’llbelate.[Orconnectstwoclausesandindicatestheoptionalrelationshipbetweenthetwoclauses.]2.Beconfidentinyourvoiceand_havefaithinyourideas.[Andconnectstwoclausesandindicatestheadditionrelationshipbetweenthetwoclauses.]3.Oursupplieswilldecrease,socustomersmustconserveenergysensibly.[Soconnectstwoclauses,andindicatesthecause-resultrelationshipbetweenthetwo4.IcouldsayNOwhilewaitingfortheperfectopportunity,_but_I’drathersayYEStoawonderfullearningexperience.[Butconnectstwoclauses,andindicatesthecontrastbetweentwo5.Idon’twanttogo,norwill[Norconnectstwoclauses,andindicatestheadditionofnegativecharacterrelationshipbetweenthetwoclauses.]VII.ListeningTherearemanywaystogreetA.Youaregoingtohearafewexamplesfromsomecountries.Marchthegreetingswiththecountries.theUnited1.ae,2.aa,3.thef,4.thenamasteord,5.astrong,shortb,6.asofter,longerc,B.Listenagain.DescribethefollowinggesturesbycompletingthePeoplebowtoshowrespect.WhenyoubowinJapan,youdon’tlookdirectlyattheotherperson’seye.WhenyoubowinKorea,it’simportanttoseetheotherperson'sface_.Ahugisusuallybetweengoodfriends.Itdoesn’tmatterwhethertheyaremenorwomenThesalaamismostpopularwitholderandmoretraditionalpeople.Togiveasalaam,firsttouchyourheart,thenyourforehead.Thenyourhandmovesup,awayfromyourhead.Whenpeopleusethisgreeting,theysay,“Peacebewithyou.”Togiveanamasteorwai,youputyourhandshighonthechest,andyoubowslightly.Itisnotonlyagreeting,italsomeans“Thankyou”and“I'msorry.”HandshakesintheUnitedStatesandCanadaarestrongandshort.HandshakesinMexicoandEgyptusuallylastalittlelonger,buttheyaresofter.Therearemanywaystogreetpeople.Number1:AbowMan:Aroundtheworld,therearemanydifferentwaystogreetpeople.BowingisthetraditionalwayofgreetinginNort