Unit3EnvironmentalProtection

LearningAboutLanguage

語法精講·素養(yǎng)提升直接引語和間接引語【情境探究】觀察上面的對話,并完成下面的句型轉(zhuǎn)換:1.LiLeisaid,“I’mquitesureaboutit.”→LiLeisaidthat______quitesureaboutit.

2.Jimsaid,“Ihaven’tseenyoutoday.”→Jimsaidthat_______________________.3.Theteacheraskedme，“Doyouhavedifficultyworkingitout?”Theteacheraskedme___________________________________.hewashehadn’tseenmethatdaywhether/ifIhaddifficultyworkingitout【要義詳析】一、直接引語和間接引語的定義。1.直接引語:直接引用別人的話叫直接引語。2.間接引語:用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫間接引語。*Thegirlsaid,“IlikeEnglishverymuch.”→ThegirlsaidthatshelikedEnglishverymuch.那個(gè)女孩說她非常喜歡英語。*Theteacheraskedthegirl,“DoyoulikeEnglish?”→TheteacheraskedthegirlifshelikedEnglish.老師問那個(gè)女孩是否喜歡英語。【名師點(diǎn)津】(1)引語前常使用逗號,而不是冒號;引號內(nèi)直接引語的單詞首字母要大寫。(2)間接引語不用逗號、引號;間接引語要考慮人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和指示代詞的變化。二、直接引語與間接引語的變化1.人稱變化直接引語變間接引語時(shí)的人稱變化遵循以下原則:

一隨主直接引語中的第一人

稱變間接引語后與主句主語的人稱保

持一致Hesays,“Ilikemathverymuch.”→Hesaysthathelikesmathverymuch.二隨賓直接引語中的第二人稱變間接引語后與主

句賓語的人稱保持一致HesaidtoLily,“Youmustgetupearly.”→HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.三不變直接引語的第三人

稱在變間接引語后人稱不變Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”→Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.【巧學(xué)助記】直接引語變間接引語時(shí)的人稱變化口訣:一隨主,二隨賓,第三人稱不更新。【即學(xué)活用】補(bǔ)出下面間接引語中的人稱。①Johnsaid,“IwanttovisittheGreatWall.”→Johnsaidthat___wantedtovisittheGreatWall.約翰說他想去參觀長城。②Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”→Shesaid___brotherwantedtogowithher.她說她哥哥想和她一起去。heher③HeaskedKate,“You’reinterestedinbasketball,aren’tyou?”→HeaskedKatewhether___wasinterestedinbasketball.他問凱特是否對籃球感興趣。④MrSmithsaid,“Jackisagoodworker.”→MrSmithsaid_____wasagoodworker.史密斯先生說杰克是個(gè)好工人。sheJack2.時(shí)態(tài)變化(主句為一般過去時(shí)時(shí))直接引語間接引語句子時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)不變一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)*Hesaid,“Heisastudent.”→Hesaidthathewasastudent.他說他是一個(gè)學(xué)生。*Hesaid,“Heisreading.”→Hesaidthathewasreading.他說他正在讀書。*Hesaid,“Hewillgohome.”→Hesaidthathewouldgohome.他說他要回家。*Hesaid,“Hehasgonehome.”→Hesaidthathehadgonehome.他說他已經(jīng)回家了。【名師點(diǎn)津】直接引語變間接引語之特殊時(shí)態(tài)變化(1)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句可以根據(jù)意思使用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。ShesaysthatshewasgoingtobuyaCD.她說她打算去買一張CD。ShesaysthatshewenttobuyaCDyesterday.她說她昨天去買了一張CD。ShesaysthatshewillgotobuyaCDtomorrow.她說她明天要去買一張CD。(2)直接引語是客觀真理、諺語和格言時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變。“Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.”theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.老師告訴我,地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn),月球繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。(3)直接引語中有具體的過去時(shí)間狀語時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變。Tomsaid,“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”→TomsaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.湯姆說他生于1980年4月21日。【巧學(xué)助記】直接引語變間接引語口訣直接引語變成間接引語時(shí),主句是陳述句且是過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),其變化“口訣”是:去掉引號加that,人稱使用要靈活,時(shí)態(tài)向后退一個(gè),狀語變化按原則。【即學(xué)活用】將下列句子改為間接引語。①Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”→Hesaidthathe_____itverymuch.②Thedesignersaid,“Wehavebegunourproject.”→Thedesignersaidthatthey_________theirproject.

③Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”→Myfathersaidpractice______perfect.④Isaid,“Iwillgivehersomeadvicetomorrow.”→IsaidthatI__________hersomeadvicethenextday.

likedhadbegunmakeswouldgive3.指示代詞、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)狀語及方向性動(dòng)詞的變化項(xiàng)目直接引語間接引語指示代詞thisthesethatthose時(shí)間nowtodaytonightthisweekyesterdaylastweekthenthatdaythatnightthatweekthedaybeforetheweekbeforethreedaysbefore項(xiàng)目直接引語間接引語時(shí)間threedaysagotomorrownextweekthenextday/thefollowingdaythenextweek/thefollowingweek地點(diǎn)herethere動(dòng)詞comebringgotake*Hesaid,“ImetMrSmiththismorning.”HesaidthathehadmetMrSmiththatmorning.他說他那天早上遇到史密斯先生了。*Hesaid,“Wewenttothecinemayesterday.”→Hesaidtheyhadgonetothecinemathedaybefore.他說他們前一天去看電影了。*Lilysaid,“Iwillcomebacknextmonth.”→Lilysaidthatshewouldgobackthenextmonth.莉莉說她下個(gè)月回來。*Hesaid,“Itisnineo’clocknow.”→Hesaidthatitwasnineo’clockthen.他說那時(shí)是九點(diǎn)鐘。*Hesaid,“Ihaven’tseenhertoday.”→Hesaidthathehadn’tseenherthatday.他說那天他沒見過她。*Shesaid,“I’llgotheretomorrow.”→Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenextday.她說她第二天去那兒。*Hesaid,“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”→Hesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.他說他姐姐三天前去過那兒。*“Whenyoucomehere,willyoupleasebringadictionary?”theeditorsaidtotheworker.→Theeditoraskedwhethertheworkerwouldtakeadictionarywhenhewentthere.編輯問這位工人去那里時(shí)是否要帶一本字典。【即學(xué)活用】將下列句子改為間接引語。①“Shewashereoneweekago.”saidJohn.→Johnsaidthat_______________________________.

②“Heiscomingtonight.”mymothersaidtome.→Mymothertoldmethat______________________.

③Theysaid,“Wearrivedthismorning.”→Theysaidthat____________________________④Hesaid,“Ibroughtithomewithme.”→Hesaidthat___________________________.

shehadbeenthereoneweekbeforehewascomingthatnighttheyhadarrivedthatmorning.

hehadtakenithomewithhim⑤Jimsaid,“Iwenttohelpmyparentsyesterday.”→Jimsaidthat________________________________________.

hehadgonetohelphisparentsthedaybefore4.連接詞和語序變化*Hesaidtome,“Youcanhelpher.”→Hesaidtome(that)Icouldhelpher.他對我說我能幫助她。項(xiàng)目連接詞語序陳述句that或省略不變一般疑問句引述動(dòng)詞后加上if或whether陳述語序特殊疑問句連接詞不變陳述語序祈使句無連接詞不變*Heaskedher,“Doyouloveme?”→Heaskedherwhethershelovedhim.他問她是否愛他。*Heaskedme,“Whatcolordoyoulike?”→HeaskedmewhatcolorIliked.他問我喜歡什么顏色。*Heshouted,“Lily,Closethedoor.”→HetoldLilytoclosethedoor.他叫莉莉把門關(guān)上。*Hesaidtome,“Don’tbelate.”→Heaskedmenottobelate.他叫我不要遲到。【巧學(xué)助記】直接引語變成間接引語時(shí),句式和語序變化“口訣”:直引一般疑問句,助動(dòng)詞語全去掉if/whether替引號,陳述語序要記牢直引若為祈使句,引述動(dòng)后to需要直引否定祈使句,to前not少不了。【即學(xué)活用】將下列句子改為間接引語。①M(fèi)arywroteinhe