第1頁/共1頁重慶八中2022—2023學年度(上)半期考試高一年級英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節，滿分30分)第一節(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whichshirtdoesthemanlike?A.Theblueone.B.Theyellowone.C.Thepinkone.2.Whatwillthemanprobablydo?A.Stepoutwiththewoman.B.Contactthewomanlater.C.WaitforBrad’scall.3.Whatarethespeakerstryingtodo?A.Takealongwalk.B.Reducethenoise.C.Findaquieterplace.4.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inalibrary.B.Inaclassroom.C.Inabookstore.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aseason.B.Acity.C.Theweather.第二節(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whenwillthespeakersleavefortheairport?A.At3:00.B.At3:30.C.At4:30.7.Howwillthespeakersgettotheairport?A.Bytaxi.B.Bysubway.C.Bycar.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Howmanynightsdoesthemanwanttostayatthehotel?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.9.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Workonsomereports.B.Makeareservation.C.Gosightseeing.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Howdoesthewomanfeelnow?A.Worried.B.Relieved.C.Excited.11.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A.Playfootball.B.Watchagame.C.Visitastadium.12.Whatmakesthemanhappy?A.Gettingagoodseat.B.Havingafootballshirt.C.Buyingtheticketsintime.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whowillgraduatefromcollege?A.Sam.B.Cathy.C.Peter.14.WhydoesthewomansendhersontoChina?A.Hewillstudythere.B.Shewantshimtoworkthere.C.HeisinterestedinChineseculture.15.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Keepasecret.B.Showheraround.C.Offersomeadvice.16.WhatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthemanandJudy?A.Brotherandsister.B.Husbandandwife.C.Motherandson.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17Whatdoesthespeakerthinkofhisfirstmarathon?A.Disappointing.B.Difficult.C.Satisfying.18.Whichmarathondoesthespeakerlikebest?A.TheoneinJapan.B.TheoneinIceland.C.TheoneinThailand.19.WhydoesthespeakerfindtheraceinKualaLumpurhardest?A.Hewastoonervous.B.Helackedtrainingbeforehand.C.Hedidn’ttakehisrunningshoes.20.WhatmadethespeakershockedintheraceinRussia?A.Hegotthethirdplace.B.Ittookplaceinhotweather.C.Hecompletedhischallenge.第二部分英語知識運用單項填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1.Itisstronglyrecommendedthatthedate________bytwodays.A.shouldadvance B.beadvancedC.hasbeenadvanced D.isadvanced【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意：強烈建議將日期提前兩天。根據句意分析句子可知，句中的it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面that引導的主語從句，句中的recommend意為“建議”，所以后面that從句中的謂語動詞應該用should+動詞原形，should可以省略，且從句的主語thedate和謂語動詞advance之間是被動關系，所以應該用被動語態。故選B項。2.Manyofthechurchesandcastlesweseetoday________the19thandearly20thcenturies.A.aredatedbackto B.datebacktoC.willbedatedbackto D.willdatebackto【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查時態語態。句意：我們今天看到的許多教堂和城堡都可以追溯到19世紀和20世紀初。datebackto意為“追溯到”，不用被動語態，排除A和C；句子描述客觀事實，時態用一般現在時，故選B。3.Selectingadigitalcameraforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_____sorapidly.A.isdeveloping B.hasdevelopedC.willhavedeveloped D.willdevelop【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查時態。句意：選擇一臺數碼相機供個人使用并非易事，因為技術發展得如此迅速。根據語境可知技術發展是一個現階段正在進行的動作，故應使用現在進行時。故選A。4.Spendingtoomuchtimeonlineisunhealthyandmakes________verydifficult________otherthingsinlife.A.it;focusingon B.that;tofocusonC.that;focusingon D.it;tofocuson【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查it用法和固定句型。句意：花太多時間上網是不健康的，會讓你很難專注于生活中的其他事情。根據句意和句中的make以及形容詞difficult分析句子可知，該題是考查由make構成的固定句型makeit+adjective+todosomething，其中it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的不定式，形容詞作賓語補足語。而代詞that是不可以作形式賓語或形式主語的。故選D項。5.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,________wasbeyondhiswildestdream.A.who B.that C.which D.what【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：他的電影在電影節上得了幾個獎，這是他做夢也想不到的。根據句意分析句子可知，逗號后面的部分是一個非限制性定語從句，該定語從句缺少主語，所以空格處應該填入一個關系代詞引導非限制性定語從句，代指前面句子的內容；關系代詞who只能代指人，所以排除A項；that不能引導非限制性定語從句，所以排除B項；what不是關系代詞，不可以引導定語從句，排除D項。which可以引導非限制性定語從句，代指前面主句的內容。故選C項。6.Theteenager________cleaningupthecampus________playingcomputergames.A.preferredto;than B.preferred;toC.preferredto;to D.preferred;than【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查固定短語。句意：這個少年寧愿打掃校園也不愿玩電腦游戲。preferdoing...todoing...是固定短語，意為“寧愿做……而不愿做……”，故選B。7.Enjoythebeautifulcountrysideasyouspendaday________alongthenewhighway________CuscotoLakeTiticaca.A.driving;connected B.drove;connectingC.driving;connecting D.drove;connected【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：您可以沿著連接Cusco和Titicaca湖的新公路開車，享受美麗的鄉村風光。spendsometimedoing是固定短語，意為“花費時間做某事”，第一空用ing形式；as引導的從句中謂語是spend，空格處用非謂語動詞，highway和connect之間是主謂關系，因此第二空用現在分詞，表主動。故選C。8.It’snotwhatyouthinkbutwhatyoudo________counts.A.what B.which C.as D.that【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查強調句。句意：重要的不是你怎么想，而是你怎么做。根據句意和“It’s”可知，句子是強調句，結構是“Itis/was+被強調的部分+that/who+其他部分”，句中強調的是“notwhatyouthinkbutwhatyoudo”，因此空格處是that，故選D。9.LiNaisstillrecognizedasoneofthebesttennisplayersaroundtheworldshehasretired.A.asif B.since C.eventhough D.nowthat【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管李娜已經退役，但她仍然被認為是世界上最好的網球運動員之一。A.asif好像；B.since既然；C.eventhough盡管；D.nowthat既然。由句意可知，“李娜已經退役”和“她仍然被認為是世界上最好的網球運動員之一”是讓步轉折關系，eventhough符合句意。故選C項。10.Theyweregivennothing________drybreadandwaterfortheireveningmeal.A.otherthan B.ratherthan C.morethan D.lessthan【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：除了干面包和水，他們晚上什么也沒有吃。A.otherthan除了；B.ratherthan而不是；C.morethan超過；D.lessthan少于。短語nothingotherthan表示“除……外沒有別的”。故選A。11.China’shigh-speedrailways________from9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.A.grew B.havegrown C.hadgrown D.grow【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查時態。句意：中國的高速鐵路在過去幾年里從9000公里增長到25000公里。根據句意和句中“inthepastfewyears”可知，句子應用現在完成時，謂語動詞為“have/hasdone”，“high-speedrailways”和“have”連用，“grow”的過去分詞為“grown”，故空格處應填“havegrown”。故選B項。12.Ihavebeenoutofworkforhalfayear,soIwantto______ajobinthiscompany.A.preparefor B.takeout C.workout D.applyfor【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：我已經失業半年了，所以我想申請這家公司的工作。A.preparefor準備；B.takeout取出；C.workout解決；D.applyfor申請。根據前文句意以及后文“ajob”可知，此處應指“申請工作”。故選D項。13.Ioften______youwithyoursisteryoulooksoalike.A.contact B.confuse C.compare D.compete【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我經常把你和你的妹妹弄混。你們長得太像了。A.contact聯系；B.confuse使混亂;C.compare比較；D.compete競爭。根據“youlooksoalike”可知，我經常把你和你的妹妹弄混。故選B項。14.Hecannotconcentrate________thereadingduetothe________screamoutsidethelibrary.A.on;annoying B.on;annoyed C.to;annoying D.to;annoyed【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查固定短語和形容詞詞義辨析。句意：由于圖書館外面惱人的尖叫聲，他無法集中精力讀書。第一空為短語concentrateon表示“集中于”；第二空修飾scream應用-ing結尾形容詞annoying，annoyed常用于修飾人，表示“生氣的”不符合語境。故選A。15.Thisbook,whichisquite_______beginners,hasbeenabestsellerontheInternetinrecentyears.A.responsiblefor B.concernedfor C.suitablefor D.gratefulfor【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這本書很適合初學者，近年來在網上很暢銷。A.responsiblefor對······負責；B.concernedfor關心······；C.suitablefor對······合適；D.gratefulfor對······感激。由“這本書近年來在網上很暢銷”可知，說明它很適合（suitablefor）初學者，所以買的人多。故選C項。第三部分閱讀理解(共兩節，滿分50分)第一節(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項A、B、C和D中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ASmokejumpersEveryyear,wildfiresdestroymillionsofhectaresofforest.Homesaredamaged,andthousandsofpeopledie.Smokejumpersarehelpingtostopthis.Whatisthesmokejumper?Smokejumpersareaspecialtypeoffirefighter.Theyjumpfromplanesintoareasthataredifficulttoreachbycaroronfoot,likethemiddleofamountainforest.Theyracetoputoutfiresasfastastheycan.Whatdosmokejumpersdo?Atafiresite,smokejumpersfirstexaminethelandanddecidehowtofightthefire.Theirmaingoalistostopafirefromspreading.Usingbasicequipmentsuchasshovelsandaxes,smokejumpersclearlandofburnablemateriallikeplantsandotherdrymaterial.Theycarrywaterwiththemtoo,butonlyalimitedamount.Whocanbeasmokejumper?Althoughthemajorityofsmokejumpersaremen,morewomenarejoining.Themostimportantthingsareyourheightandweight.SmokejumpersemployedintheUS,forexample,mustbe120to200pounds(54to91kilograms),sotheydon’tgethurtwhentheyland,orgetblownbystrongwinds.Smokejumpersmustalsobecapableofsurvivinginthewild.Theworkisdangerous,andthehoursarelong.Butforthesefirefighters,smokejumpingisn’tjustajob.Theylovebeingabletojumpoutofplanes,fightfires,andliveintheforest.Asa28-year-oldsmokejumperBobSmithsays,“Thisisthebestjobfortoughguys.”16.Whatisthefirstthingasmokejumperdoesafterarrivingatafiresite?A.Cleartheland. B.Lookforwater.C.Studythearea. D.Recordtheaccident.17.Ifyouwanttobeasmokejumper,youmustbe________.A.male B.heavyC.olderthan28yearsofage D.withinacertainweightrange18.Fromwhichwebsitewouldyoumostprobablyfindthistext?A.all-jobs.org B.what-is-on.comC.adventuretours.org D.extremesports.com【答案】16.C17.D18.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹的是空降森林消防員的工作內容和加入要求等。【16題詳解】細節理解題。根據“Whatdosmokejumpersdo?”部分的句子“Atafiresite,smokejumpersfirstexaminethelandanddecidehowtofightthefire.（在火災現場，消防隊員首先檢查地面情況并決定如何滅火）”可知，在到達火場以后，空降森林消防員首先要研究地面的情況。故選C項。【17題詳解】細節理解題。根據“Whocanbeasmokejumper?”部分的句子“Themostimportantthingsareyourheightandweight.SmokejumpersemployedintheUS,forexample,mustbe120to200pounds(54to91kilograms),sotheydon’tgethurtwhentheyland,orgetblownbystrongwinds.（最重要的是你的身高和體重。舉例來說，美國雇用的空降森林消防員必須重120到200磅(54到91公斤)，這樣他們在著陸時就不會受傷，也不會被強風吹走）”可知，空降森林消防員的體重要在一定的范圍以內，不能太重也不能太輕。故選D項。【18題詳解】推理判斷題。本文主要介紹的是空降森林消防員的工作內容和加入要求等。所以這篇文章一定來自和工作、職業相關的網站。故選A項。BManyofushaveheardofAlexHonnold,whomadehistoryin2018whenhebecamethefirstmantoclimbElCapitanwithoutropesorsafetyequipment.Buthismother,DierdreWolownick,justbecametheoldestwomantoconquerthefamouspeak:ShereachedthetoponSeptember23—themorningofher70thbirthday.Dierdre,thewriterandlanguageteacher,decidedtotakeupclimbingasameansofconnectingmorewithherson.In2008,accompaniedbyhersonAlex,shevisitedaclimbinggymandcompleted12routesthatfirstdaywithhishelp,butitwasmonthsbeforesheworkedupthecouragetoreturnandpracticeonherown.Dierdrebecamecommittedtothesport,andbegantomeetfriendsandsharpenherskills.ShescaledpartsofHalfDomeTrailandCathedralPeakatatimewhenmanypeopleatheragearethinkingaboutretirementandslowingdown.ThewriterwouldgoontopublishabookaboutherclimbingexperienceswithAlexcalledTheSharpEndofLife:AMother’sStory.“Asamother,Iamimpressedbythisroleexchangeprocess.Parentsandchildrenoftenwindupchangingrolesinlifeastheygetolder,”shewritesinherbook.“Butnever,Ithought,isthattransformationasobviousaswhentheyclimbtogether.”OnSeptember23,Dierdreandherfriendssetoutinthedark,at6a.m.Therouteissteepenoughtorequireallfours,grabbingrocksandtreesandwhateverelsewillholdtheweight.Yetdespitealldifficulties,theteammadeittothetop.“Itwasreallyinspiringtowatchherandthentohaveherontopwithallofus,”saidoneofDierdre’sfriends.“Therewasaspeciallookoneveryone’sface.Weknewwherewewere.Weknewhowamazingthemomenttrulywas.19.WhydidDierdrestartclimbingmountains?A.Tocelebrateherbirthday. B.Toknowhersonbetter.C.Toseekwritinginspiration. D.Tosetanexampleforherson.20.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDierdre?A.Courageousandinspiring. B.Patientandresponsible.C.Devotedandgenerous. D.Confidentandcreative.21.WhatdoesthelastparagraphtellaboutDierdre’sclimbingjourney?A.Itwasarrangedonherown. B.Itwasworththeefforts.C.Ittookdaystobecompleted. D.Itrequiredspecialequipment.22.Whatmaybeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Mountainclimbingbenefitshealth B.Amothergoesbeyondherson’swishC.Slowdown,betteryourlife D.Climbtogether,connectcloser【答案】19.B20.A21.B22.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了世界級攀巖者AlexHonnold的母親DierdreWolownick，為了更好地了解他，致力于攀巖運動，提高自己的技能，并于自己70歲生日時攀上了著名的山峰的故事。【19題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第二段“Dierdre,thewriterandlanguageteacher,decidedtotakeupclimbingasameansofconnectingmorewithherson.(Dierdre是一名作家兼語言教師，她決定通過登山來和兒子建立更多的聯系。)”可知，Dierdre開始爬山是因為想更多地了解自己的兒子。故選B。【20題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第一段“ShereachedthetoponSeptember23—themorningofher70thbirthday.(她在9月23日——她70歲生日的早晨登上了頂峰)”，第二段的“itwasmonthsbeforesheworkedupthecouragetoreturnandpracticeonherown(幾個月后她才鼓足勇氣回來獨自練習)”及最后一段的“Itwasreallyinspiringtowatchherandthentohaveherontopwithallofus(看著她，然后讓她和我們所有人一起站在上面，這真的很鼓舞人心。)”可知，Dierdre是一個有勇氣和鼓舞人心的人，故選A。【21題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段Dierdre的朋友的話““Itwasreallyinspiringtowatchherandthentohaveherontopwithallofus,”saidoneofDierdre’sfriends.“Therewasaspeciallookoneveryone’sface.Weknewwherewewere.Weknewhowamazingthemomenttrulywas.(Dierdre的一位朋友說：“看著她，然后讓她和我們所有人一起站在上面，這真的很鼓舞人心。”每個人的臉上都有一種特殊的表情。我們知道我們在哪里。我們知道那一刻是多么的不可思議。)”可知，盡管他們遇到了很多的困難，但當看到她以及大家臉上高興的表情，他們知道了他們現在在干什么，此刻是多么的不可思議，因此可知他們的努力沒有白費。故選B。【22題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“Buthismother,DierdreWolownick,justbecametheoldestwomantoconquerthefamouspeak:ShereachedthetoponSeptember23—themorningofher70thbirthday.(但他的母親DierdreWolownick剛剛成為登上這座著名山峰的最年長女性：她在9月23日——也就是她70歲生日的早晨——登上了頂峰。)”和第二段的“Dierdre,thewriterandlanguageteacher,decidedtotakeupclimbingasameansofconnectingmorewithherson.(Dierdre是一名作家兼語言教師，她決定通過登山來和兒子建立更多的聯系。)”可知，本文主要講述了70歲的Dierdre為了更了解兒子AlexHonnold，毅然選擇參與到兒子愛好的登山活動中，并取得了不小的成就，故D項“Climbtogether,connectcloser(一起攀登，關系更近)”最適合作為本文標題。故選D。CEverimaginedthatyoursimpleT-shirtcouldcoolyoudownbyupto5°Conhotsummerdays?Thankstoarecentdiscovery,thepossibilityisgettingcloser.Theamazinginventionaimstoofferrealrelieftopeopleeagertofeelcomfortableandfreshintheoutdoorsonhotdays.ItsinventorsengineersMaYaoguangofZhejiangUniversityandTaoGuangmingofHuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnologyinChina,tookacompletelyinnovativeapproach.Theydesignedaspecialtextile(紡織品)thatcanabsorbbodyheatandre-emit(重發出)itsenergyintospaceasmid-infraredradiation.Thistextilecoolsboththeobjectsandtheirsurroundingsthroughatechniqueknownasradiativecooling.Thismeansthatevenwhenitlookslikeyouarewearingregularshirt,youareactuallywearingadevicethatworkslikeamirror.ResearchconductedatStanfordUniversityin2017hadalreadymanagedtocoolthewearerby3°C,butthisprevioustrialwaslimited.Soresearchersstillneedtotestthenewapproachtodeterminehoweffectivelythenewfabriccoolswhilethewearersarestandingorwalking,andnotdirectlyfacingthesky,likeintheirtrials.TheyalsoneedtoexamineandmeasurehowwellitworkswhenT-shirtsarenotinclosecontactwiththeskin.InventorsMaandTaoarenowlookingoutfortextilemanufacturersandclothingbrandsthatareinterestedinusingtheirfabric.Theyestimatethatthenewmaterialwillincreaseclothingmanufacturingcostsbyjust10percent.“WecanmakeitwithmassproductionwhichmeanseverybodycangetaT-shirtandthecostisbasicallythesameastheiroldstuff.”Taosaid.Soifyouareanathleteorsimplysomeonethathastodealwiththeextremelyhightemperatures,bepatientbecauseyourdaysoffeelinghotandbotheredmaybecomingtoanend!23.Whatisthepurposeofthenewinvention?A.Tocoolpeopleoffinhotweather. B.Tochangepeople’sbodytemperature.C.Totestthewearers’temperature. D.Tomakewearersfashionable.24.Howdoesthespecialproductwork?A.Bysendingoutabsorbedheat.B.Byturningsunlightintoenergy.C.Bykeepingheatoutcompletely.D.Byusinglightcolorstoreflectsunlight.25.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellus?A.Thepreviousstudieslackevidence.B.Theinventionneedsfurthertesting.C.Thenewtextilehasagoodcoolingeffect.D.Thenewtextileappliestovarioussituations.26.WhatcanwelearnfromtheinventionoftheT-shirt?A.Barkingupthewrongtree. B.RobbingPetertopayPaul.C.Killingtwobirdswithonestone. D.Puttingthecartbeforethehorse.【答案】23.A24.A25.B26.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了由新材料制成的T恤，可以幫人迅速降溫。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段中“EverimaginedthatyoursimpleT-shirtcouldcoolyoudownbyupto5°Conhotsummerdays?Thankstoarecentdiscovery,thepossibilityisgettingcloser.(你有沒有想過，在炎熱的夏天，一件簡單的T恤可以讓你涼快5攝氏度？多虧了最近的一項發現，這種可能性正在變得越來越近。)”可知，這項新發明的目的是讓人們在炎熱的天氣里涼快下來。故選A。【24題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段中“Theydesignedaspecialtextile(紡織品)thatcanabsorbbodyheatandre-emit(重發出)itsenergyintospaceasmid-infraredradiation.Thistextilecoolsboththeobjectsandtheirsurroundingsthroughatechniqueknownasradiativecooling.(他們設計了一種特殊的紡織品，可以吸收人體熱量，并將其能量以中紅外輻射的形式重新發射到太空中。這種紡織品通過一種被稱為輻射冷卻的技術來冷卻物體及其周圍的環境。)”可知，這種特殊產品是通過散發吸收的熱量起作用，故選A。【25題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀第三段及第一句“ResearchconductedatStanfordUniversityin2017hadalreadymanagedtocoolthewearerby3°C,butthisprevioustrialwaslimited.(斯坦福大學2017年進行的一項研究已經成功將佩戴者的溫度降低了3攝氏度，但此前的試驗有局限性。)”可知，第三段主要告訴我們這項發明需要進一步的測試，故選B。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中““WecanmakeitwithmassproductionwhichmeanseverybodycangetaT-shirtandthecostisbasicallythesameastheiroldstuff.”Taosaid.(“我們可以大規模生產，這意味著每個人都可以得到一件t恤，成本基本上和他們的舊衣服一樣。”Tao說。)”和最后一段中“bepatientbecauseyourdaysoffeelinghotandbotheredmaybecomingtoanend(要有耐心，因為你感覺炎熱和煩惱的日子可能就要結束了)”可知，這種新襯衫既可以降溫，又經濟實惠，可以說是一石二鳥，故選C。DInanamazingpaperpublishedlastyearinScience,ateamledbyAndreasNiederoftheUniversityofTubingeninGermanyshowedthatcrows—alreadyknowntobeamongthemostintelligentofanimals—areevenmoreimpressivethanweknew.Infact,theevidencesuggeststhattheyareself-awareand,inanimportantsense,conscious(有意識的).Crowshadbeenobservedpreviouslytousetoolstosolvecertainproblems.Nieder’sexperimentshowedthatthebirdswereactivelythinkinghowtosolveaparticularproblem;ineffect,theywerethinkingitover.Thisabilitytoconsciouslyviewaproblemwasassociatedwiththecerebralcortex(大腦皮層)inthebrainsofhumans,whichbirdsdon’thave.Otherstudiessupporttheideathatthebirdbraincan,inprinciple,supportthedevelopmentofhigherintelligence.Ithadnotbeenacceptedinthepastduetothesmallsizeofbirds’brains.Butrecentresearchhasshownthatinbirds,theneurons(神經元)aresmallerandmoretightly-packed,whichmakessensetoreduceweightandmakesiteasiertofly.Thetotalnumberofbraincellincrows(about1.5billion)isaboutthesameasthatinsomemonkeyspecies.Butbecausetheyaremoretightly-packed,thecommunicationbetweentheneuronsseemstobebetter,andtheoverallintelligenceofcrowsmaybeclosertothatofgorillas(猩猩).Thisresearchhasimportantresultsforourunderstandingofthedevelopmentofhigherintelligence.First,acerebralcortexisnotneeded,andthereareothermeanstoachievethesameresult.Second,eitherthedevelopmentofconsciousnessisveryoldtracingbacktothelastcommonancestorofmammals(哺乳動物)andbirdsabout320millionyearsago,or,equallyinteresting,consciousnesshappenedatleasttwicelateron,independentlyinmammalsandbirds.Bothchoicesraisethepossibilitythathigherintelligenceontheplanetmaynotnecessarilybemammalorhuman-like,butcouldverywellbebirdlike.27.WhatdidAndreasNieder’steamfindoutaboutcrows?A.Theycanusetoolstosolvecertainproblems.B.Theyaremoreintelligentthanotheranimals.C.Theyhaveleftpeopleaverygoodimpression.D.Theyaremuchclevererthanpreviouslythought.28.Whatdoestheunderlined“It”inParagraph3referto?A.Thedevelopment. B.Higherintelligence.C.Thebirdbrain. D.Theidea.29.Whydocrowshavehigh-levelintelligence?A.Theyhavemoretightly-packedbrains.B.Theyhaveasmallnumberofbraincells.C.Theirbrainneuronscouldcommunicatewell.D.Theirbraincellsarethesamewiththemonkeys.30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Higherintelligenceontheplanetmightbedifferentfromwhatweimagine.B.Cerebralcortexesarenecessaryforthedevelopmentofhigherintelligence.C.Higherintelligencehasalreadydevelopedseparatelyindifferentspecies.D.Bothmammalsandbirdsgottheirintelligencefromcommonancestors.【答案】27.D28.D29.C30.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。研究表明烏鴉比我們之前認為的要聰明的多，并分析了原因。【27題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段的句子“InanamazingpaperpublishedlastyearinScience,ateamledbyAndreasNiederoftheUniversityofTubingeninGermanyshowedthatcrows—alreadyknowntobeamongthemostintelligentofanimals—areevenmoreimpressivethanweknew.(在去年發表在《科學》雜志上的一篇驚人的論文中，德國圖賓根大學AndreasNieder領導的研究小組表明，烏鴉——已經被認為是最聰明的動物之一——甚至比我們所知的還要令人印象深刻)”和第二段的句子“Crowshadbeenobservedpreviouslytousetoolstosolvecertainproblems.Nieder’sexperimentshowedthatthebirdswereactivelythinkinghowtosolveaparticularproblem;ineffect,theywerethinkingitover.(烏鴉以前被觀察到使用工具來解決某些問題。Nieder的實驗表明，鳥類在積極思考如何解決一個特定的問題；實際上，它們正在仔細思考)”可知，Nieder的研究小組發現烏鴉比我們之前想象的聰明得多。故選D項。【28題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據劃線詞前的句子“Otherstudiessupporttheideathatthebirdbraincan,inprinciple,supportthedevelopmentofhigherintelligence.(其他研究也支持這一觀點，即鳥類的大腦原則上可以支持更高智力的發展)”可知，其他研究也支持這樣一種觀點，即鳥類的大腦原則上可以支持更高智力的發展。此處承接上文，說的是在過去，由于鳥類的大腦體積較小，這一觀點一直不被接受，由此可知，It指代的就是前文提到的“鳥類的大腦原則上可以支持更高智力的發展”這一觀點。故選D項。【29題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段的句子“Butbecausetheyaremoretightly-packed,thecommunicationbetweentheneuronsseemstobebetter,andtheoverallintelligenceofcrowsmaybeclosertothatofgorillas.(但由于它們的排列更緊密，神經元之間的交流似乎更好，烏鴉的整體智力可能接近大猩猩)”可知，烏鴉的智力很高是因為它們的大腦神經元之間能夠很好地交流。故選C項。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段的句子“Bothchoicesraisethepossibilitythathigherintelligenceontheplanetmaynotnecessarilybemammalorhuman-like,butcouldverywellbebirdlike.(這兩種選擇都提出了一種可能性，即地球上的高智能生物不一定是哺乳動物或類人的，而很可能是類鳥的)”可知，地球上的高智商生物可能與我們想象的不同。故選A項。第二節(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。RollerbladingRollerbladingisanexcellentsportthatjustaboutanyonecanenjoy.Experienceandtypesofskatingrangeindifficultyfromsimplefunskatingtoamuchmoreaggressivestyleofskating.Afteryouhavemasteredthebasicsofrollerblading,youcanbegintomasterthesport.____31____However,someathletesprefertoperfecttheirsportandcompeteintheirchosensport.Thesportofrollerbladinghasmanyvariationsandstylesthatallowcompetition.____32____Alsoknownasurbanskating,freeskatingissetinanurbansettingandparticipantsmusttravelthroughstreetsandtravelaroundanyobstaclesasfastaspossibleinordertoreachthefinish.____33____Jumps,slidesandgrindsarebasictricksfreestyleskatersoftenuse.____34____Itisspeciallyenjoyedbyskaterswhopreferperformingtricksandchallengingmovements.Aggressiveskatingcanbeperformedinanurbansetting,likefreeskating,andthisstyleisoftencalledstreetskating.Aggressiveskaterscanalsobefoundatskateparksperformingtricksontheobstaclescreatedspecificallytocatertotricks.StreetskatersuseanytypeofurbanobstacletoperformamazingtricksrangingfromjumpsandslidestogrindsandairsCompetitionsinaggressiveskatingrequirecontestantstoperformincreasinglydifficultanddangeroustricksinordertooutmatchtheircompetitors.____35____A.Eachstylerequiresdifferentequipment.B.Manyfreestyleskaterscanalsoraceonice.C.Aggressiveskatingisanotherpopularformofthesport.D.Freeskatingisatypeaboutfinishingasfastaspossible.E.Soaggressiveskatingisanentertainingsportstowatch.F.Manypeopleenjoyrollerbladingforthesimplepleasureofexercise.G.Inadditiontoemphasizingspeed,freeskatingoftenincludesdifferenttricks.【答案】31.F32.D33.G34.C35.E【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了有關輪滑的知識。【31題詳解】根據下文“However,someathletesprefertoperfecttheirsportandcompeteintheirchosensport.(然而，一些運動員更喜歡完善他們的運動，并在他們選擇的運動中競爭。)”可知，此處和空格處是轉折關系，F選項“Manypeopleenjoyrollerbladingforthesimplepleasureofexercise.(許多人喜歡輪滑僅僅是為了運動的樂趣)”與下文構成轉折關系，符合語境。故選F。【32題詳解】下文“Alsoknownasurbanskating,freeskatingissetinanurbansettingandparticipantsmusttravelthroughstreetsandtravelaroundanyobstaclesasfastaspossibleinordertoreachthefinish.(自由式輪滑也被稱為城市輪滑，它在城市環境中進行，參賽者必須以盡可能快的速度穿過街道，繞過任何障礙，以達到終點。)”介紹了自由式輪滑的主要特點是速度快，D選項“Freeskatingisatypeaboutfinishingasfastaspossible.(自由式輪滑是一種從開始到結束都盡可能快的運動。)”符合語境，引起下文。故選D。【33題詳解】上文“travelaroundanyobstaclesasfastaspossibleinordertoreachthefinish(為了到達終點，盡可能快地繞過任何障礙)”強調了速度；下文“Jumps,slidesandgrindsarebasictricksfreestyleskatersoftenuse.(跳躍，滑行和磨擦是自由式輪滑運動員經常使用的基本技巧。)”提到一些技巧，所以G選項“Inadditiontoemphasizingspeed,freeskatingoftenincludesdifferenttricks.(除了強調速度外，自由式輪滑通常還包括不同的技巧。)”承接上文和引起下文，符合語境。故選G。【34題詳解】下文“Aggressiveskatingcanbeperformedinanurbansetting,likefreeskating,andthisstyleisoftencalledstreetskating.(攻擊性輪滑可以在城市環境中進行，就像自由式輪滑，這種風格通常被稱為街頭輪滑。)”介紹了攻擊性輪滑的有關知識。空格處位于句首，應該是本段的主題句，C選項“Aggressiveskatingisanotherpopularformofthesport.(攻擊性輪滑是另一種受歡迎的運動形式。)”能概括本段內容，可作為主題句。故選C。【35題詳解】上文“Competitionsinaggressiveskatingrequirecontestantstoperformincreasinglydifficultanddangeroustricksinordertooutmatchtheircompetitors.(攻擊性輪滑比賽要求選手表演越來越困難和危險的花樣，以超過他們的競爭對手。)”介紹了攻擊性輪滑的技巧和難度，由此推知，它極具觀賞性。E選項“Soaggressiveskatingisanentertainingsportstowatch.(所以攻擊性輪滑是最具觀賞性的運動之一。)”與上文構成因果關系，符合語境。故選E。第四部分語言知識運用(共三節，滿分40分)第一節完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。AmanwalkedintoasmallIrishpubandorderedthreebeers.Bartender(酒吧侍應生)wassurprised,buthe____36____thatmanthreebeers.Theverynextdaythatmanorderedthreebeersagainanddrankquietlyatatable.Thisrepeatedseveraltimesand____37____peopleofthetownknewthethreebeerman.Acoupleof____38____later,thebartenderdecidedtoclearthisoutandinquired:“Sir,couldyou____39____whyyouorderthreebeersallthetime?”Themanreplied:“Itseems____40____,isn’tit?Yousee,mytwobrothersliveabroadatthemoment,one—inFranceandanother—inItaly.Wehavemadea/an____41____,thateverytimewegotopubeachofuswillorder____42____twobeersanditwillhelpkeepingupthefamilybond.”Soonallthetownhaveheardabouttheman’s____43____.ResidentsofthetownweretellingthistonewcomersandeveninvitedthemtothatpubtolookatThreeBeerMan.____44____,onedaythemancametopubandorderedonlytwobeers,notthreeasusual.Thebartenderservedhimwith____45____