碳燃料電池的設(shè)計與應(yīng)用團隊成員：

SKLCC直接碳燃料電池〔DirectCarbonFuelCell，DCFC〕1.DCFC的研制背景介紹2.DCFC的優(yōu)勢及創(chuàng)新性3.DCFC的反應(yīng)機理及模型制作4.挑戰(zhàn)5.研究計劃研制背景“節(jié)能減排〞是我國的根本能源政策；火力發(fā)電污染物多且效率難有大幅提高；我國是燃煤大國,煤炭是我國的主要能源,研究意義更為顯著;

LAMDCoalCombustionElectricalpowerNOxSOXPARTICALSCO270%80%90%67%70%煤燃燒：污染物多DCFC與傳統(tǒng)發(fā)電方式相比的優(yōu)勢及創(chuàng)新性

SKLCC高效：直接通過電化學(xué)反響產(chǎn)生電能，效率可達80%，燃料的理論利用率可達100%清潔：直接、高效地實現(xiàn)C到CO2的轉(zhuǎn)換,有利于CO2的富集與減排，減小污染；固體氧化物作為電解質(zhì)，便于運輸、保存和制造；市場前景廣闊〔國內(nèi)的研究尚在起步階段，可見潛力巨大，市場廣闊，國外研究有一定的成果，也給我們提供了信心。具有廣闊的市場應(yīng)用前景和開發(fā)價值，這也符合我們國家倡導(dǎo)的“節(jié)能減排〞的政策?！场?〕良好的操作性能?！?〕靈活可靠的輸出性能〔3〕靈活的結(jié)構(gòu)特性燃料電池的理論效率?G/?H=(?H-T?S)/?H=(1-T?S/?H)

LAMD

Generalcharacteristicsofmainfuelcelltypes1

parameterAFC(KOH)PEMFCPAFC(H3PO4)MCFCSOFC(YSZ)Top(℃)<100<100180~200650700~1000FuelH2H2,naturalgas,methanolNaturalgas,methanolNaturalgas,methanol,oil,coalNaturalgas,methanol,oil,coalAnodecatalystNiorPt/CPt/CPt/CNiNiCathodecatalystAgorPt/CPt/CPt/CNiLSMImpuritysensitivityCO2,CO,SS,COSSSEfficiency%45-6040-4540-4545-5545-65CHP(熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)）

efficiency%>80>80>80>80>80

Generalcharacteristicsofmainfuelcelltypes2

LAMDparameterAFC(KOH)PEMFC(PEM)PAFC(H3PO4)MCFCSOFC(YSZ)Advantages1.start-upfast2.OprateatroomT.P.1.start-upfast2.OprateatroomT.P.flexiblefuelsflexiblefuelsDisadvantages1.Pureoxygen2.Highcost1.VerysensitivetoCO2.humidification

1.start-upslow2.corrosion1.start-upslow2.hightemperature3.corrosion1.start-upslow2.hightemperatureapplicationsDistributedpowergeneration,transport,portablepower,emergencypower,remotecommunication.UniqueattractivefeaturesofDCFC

LAMDGreatthermodynamicadvantagesoverotherfuelcelltypes(H2,CH4)andconventionalpowergenerationplantsat600℃?S=1.6jK-1mol?G=-395.4kJmol-1?H=-394.0kJmol-1Lessemissionsthancoal-firingpowerplantsTen-foldReductioninoffgasvolumeperMWH:–5X—nonitrogenin“fluegas〞–2X—80%efficiencycutsall“fluegas〞inhalfpertonofcoalFuelTheoreticallimit=?G/?HUtilizationEfficiencyμV/Vo=εEfficiency=[?G/?H][μ][V/Vo]Powerdensity(kW/L)C1.0031.00.800.8020.0CH40.8950.800.800.572.4H20.700.800.800.454.2EvolutionofDCFC1

LAMD

In1896,Dr.WilliamJacquescellsconsistingof100singlecellsAnode:rodsofbakedcoalCathode:ironpotsas,electrolyte:moltenNaOH

400–500?C100mA/cm?21.5kWThiscouldbeconsideredthefirstDCFC,buttherearemanyspeculationsovertheactualperformanceandtheresultscannotbereproducedbyothers.Thefirstliterature-recorded:Bacquerelle

in1885andJablochkoffin1877builtelectrochemicaldevicesusingelectrode-gradecarbonasanode,Pt/Feascathode,andfusedKNO3aselectrolyte.Suchdevicesproducedelectricalpower,butwereunstableduetoelectrolytedegradation.EvolutionofDCFC2

LAMDTheimprovedefficiencyofthesteam-drivengeneratorattheearlyof20centuryputDCFCtechnologytorestfornearlymorethantwo-thirdofacenturyuntilthe1970s,whenaseriesofstudiesatSRIInternationalverifiedthatitispracticallypossibletocompletelyelectro-oxidizecarbontogenerateelectricity.Inthelastfewyears,studiesontheDCFChaveclarifiedtheearliermisunderstandingoftheDCFC,andhavefirmedtheelectrochemicalfoundationofthedirectconversionofcarbontoelectricity,andhavedemonstratedthefeasibilityofaDCFCatleastonalaboratoryscale.

SKLCCPart3.ResearchstatusaboutDCFCReactionmechanism?notyetfullyunderstood

LAMDVariouselectrochemicalaspectssuchasthenumberofelectronstransferred,roleofreverseBoudouardreactionandpossibleintermediatechemicalreactionsbetweentheanodicspeciesarestillunderinvestigation.ThereactionsequenceproposedbyCherepyisasfollows:2CO32?=2CO2+O22?CRS+O2?=CRSO2?FirstadsorptionCRSO2?=CRSO?+e?FastdischargeCRSO?=CRSO+e?FastdischargeCRSO+O2?=CRSO22?Slowadsorption:RDSCRSO22?=CRSO2?+e?FastdischargeCRSO2?=CO2(g)+e?Fastdischargeandevolution

LAMDPreliminarycostsofstack~$250/kW@2kW/m25?yearlifeofcell(graphitecorrosionat50μm/y)

LAMDFinegrindingyieldsfuelwith<1%S,ash(KentuckylowS,bituminous)?Ashrequireselectrolyteexchange(2?3xperyear)?Totalfuelcost$60/tonSolventextractionyieldscoalwith0.01%ash?Solventloss0.7%/cycle?Charscatalyzedforgasification?Fuelcost~$200/tonCOALSolventextractionFinegrindingBakeFuelcell

SKLCCDirectCarbonFuelCellDCFC使用固體碳作為燃料Solidcarbonisdirectlyintroducedintotheanodecompartmentandelectro-oxidizedtoCO2athightemperaturegeneratingelectricalpower.總反響方程式：C+O2=CO2,E?=1.02VChallenges

LAMDSinceDCFCtechnologyisstillatthebeginningstage,substantialeffortsneedtobeundertakentoaddresschallenges,bothinthefundamentalandtheengineeringaspects.

Fundamentalthemechanismofelectrochemicaloxidationofcarbon.Theinfluenceofimpurities,likesulfur,chlorineandminerals,onthecarbonelectrooxidationrate,electrolyte,anodecurrentcollectorandotherfuelcellcomponentmaterialsshouldbeexamined.Theresultswilldeterminetowhatextentcarbonfuelshavetobepretreated.

lifetimeanddegradationcorrosionofcellcomponentsathightemperature.Challe