外刊精讀

悲傷還是快樂一一你喜歡哪種音樂？

導讀：

一項新研究表明，悲傷的音樂現在越來越受人們的歡迎。為什么人們選擇聽悲傷的音

樂？在聽這類音樂時，人們的大腦和身體中在發生著什么變化？本期〃隨身英語〃圍繞這

項研究，淺談為什么悲傷的音樂能讓我們中的一些人感到快樂。

一、語篇泛讀

Whatwouldlifebelikewithoutmusic?Songsandtunesfillourlives,affecting

ouremotions,bringingbackmemoriesandsometimesmakingusdance.Thereisasong

foreveryoneandforeveryoccasion,butitseemsthatit'ssadmusicthatmovesusmost.

Sadmusiccertainlydoesitsjobinmakingusdepressed,emotional,andcausingus

tosob-it'ssomethingwemightlistentoafterabreak-up,forexample.Andarecent

studyhasshownwhysomepeoplearehookedonsadmusic.ProfessorDavidHuronfrom

OhioStateUniversityconductedtheresearchandlookedatthedifferencebetween

peoplewholovetolistentosadmusicandthosewhocan'tstandit.

HetoldtheBBCradioprogrammeTheWhyFactorthatitcomesdowntoa

naturalhormonecalledprolactin.Hesays:"asyoumighthaveguessedfromthename,

it'sassociatedwithlactation7frombreast-feeding.Whenpeoplecry,theyalsorelease

prolactin.And,therearecircumstancesinwhichprolactinseemstohave

thiscomfortingeffect/'Itseemsthatpeoplewholikesadmusicaremaybegettingtoo

muchprolactin,ormorethanisnormal,andwhentheyhearsad,downbeatmusic,it

givesthemagoodfeeling.Butifprolactinisn'treleased,orthereisn'tenoughofit,some

peoplefindthatsadsoundsdon'thelptocheerthemup.

PreviousresearchbyDurhamUniversityhasalsosuggestedthatlisteningtosad

musiccantriggerpainandsadness;butitcanalsoprovidecomfortandevenenjoyment.

Ahighnumberofpeopletheysurveyedwerecheeredupbylisteningtosupposedlysad

songs.Thoughthefeelingmaynotbeexactlythesameashappiness,itmaybetheability

tocopewiththesadnessthatgivesthefeelingofcomfort.

So,reactingtosadmusicontheradiomayhavenothingtodowith

themelancholicsoundofastringquartetorasingerwho'sgottheblues,butrathera

naturalchemicalreactiontakingplaceinourbodies.Maybethatexplanationismusicto

yourearsifyou'rewonderingwhyyou'vebelisteningtoAdeleonrepeat!

二、詞匯表

emotion情緒

memory記憶

move打動,感動

depressed消沉的,抑郁的

sob抽泣

hooked入迷的，上癮的

hormone荷爾蒙

prolactin催乳素

comforting令人安慰的

downbeat低調的，悲觀的

cheersb.up使……高興起來，使振作

trigger引起，引發（壞事）

comfort安慰,慰籍

enjoyment愉悅感

melancholic憂郁的

theblues憂傷，悲哀

musictoyourears好消息

三、測試與練習

閱讀課文并回答問題。

1.What'sthenameofthenaturalhormonethatdetermineswhodoesordoesn't

enjoysadmusic?

2.Howmightsomeonewhodoesn/tgetenoughofthisnaturalhormonefeelwhen

theylistentosadmusic?

3.Trueorfalse?Peoplewhoenjoysadmusiclikethefeelingofcomfortitcreates.

4.AccordingtoresearchbyDurhamUniversity,whymightsomeonegetafeelingof

comfortbylisteningtosadmusic?

5.Whichwordinthetextmeans'dealsuccessfullywithadifficultsituation"?

請在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習。選擇一個意思合適的單詞填入句子的空

格處。

1.Seeingthepoorconditionsofsomeoftheanimalsinthezooreallytojoin

ananimalwelfarecharity.

movingusmoveus

movedusmovedon

2.Ifindacupofhot,sweetteaveryafteralong,coldwinterwalk.

comfortingmelancholic

musictoyourearsdepressed

3.Newsreportssuggestitwastheriseintemperaturethattheavalanche.

triggerstrigger

triggeringtriggered

4.Myfriendsoundedveryonthephonewhenshetoldmehowher

boyfriendhadlefther.

hookedmelancholic

sobcomforting

5.Theannouncementthatwewereallgettingapayrisewas!

musictomyears

earmusictome

musicformyears

musictoanear

參考答案

閱讀課文并回答問題。

1.What'sthenameofthenaturalhormonethatdetermineswhodoesordoesn't

enjoysadmusic?

Thenaturalhormoneiscalledprolactin.

2.Howmightsomeonewhodoesn'tgetenoughofthisnaturalhormonefeelwhen

theylistentosadmusic?

Ifprolactinisn'treleasedinsomeoneorthereisn'tenoughofit,theyjustfindthatsad

soundsdon'thelptocheerthemup.

3.Trueorfalse?Peoplewhoenjoysadmusiclikethefeelingofcomfortitcreates.

True.ProfessorDavidHuronsayswhenpeoplecry,theyalsoreleaseprolactin.And,

therearecircumstancesinwhichprolactinseemstohavethiscomfortingeffect.

4.AccordingtoresearchbyDurhamUniversity,whymightsomeonegetafeelingof

comfortbylisteningtosadmusic?

Itmaybetheabilitytocopewiththesadnessthatgivesthefeelingofcomfortto

peoplewhoenjoylisteningtosadmusic.

5.Whichwordinthetextmeans'dealsuccessfullywithadifficultsituation??

Cope."Thoughthefeelingmaynotbeexactlythesameashappiness,itmaybethe

abilitytocopewiththesadnessthatgivesthefeelingofcomfort/'

請在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習。選擇一個意思合適的單詞填入句子的空

格處。

1.Seeingthepoorconditionsofsomeoftheanimalsinthezooreallymovedusto

joinananimalwelfarecharity.

2.Ifindacupofhot,sweetteaverycomfortingafteralong,coldwinterwalk.

3.Newsreportssuggestitwastheriseintemperaturethattriggeredtheavalanche.

4.Myfriendsoundedverymelancholiconthephonewhenshetoldmehowher

boyfriendhadlefther.

5.Theannouncementthatwewereallgettingapayrisewasmusictomyears!

奇怪的工作面試

導讀：

想找到一份新工作并不那么容易。你需要先搜尋一個合適的職位，如果進展順利，你

可能會被邀請前去參加面試。對一些人來說，這是恐慌開始出現的時候，因為你將面臨困

難的面試問題，同時你必須證明自己的能力。但是，在面試中，如果你沒有被問及為什么

想要這份工作，而是被要求站起來跳個舞，你會怎么想呢？本期〃外刊精讀〃告訴你一些

人不得不面對的奇怪面試。

一、語篇泛讀

Findinganewjobisn'talwayseasy.Yousearchforasuitablevacancy,sendinan

applicationformandifthatgoeswell,youmightbeinvitedforaninterview.Forsome,

thisiswhenthepanicsetsin-you'regoingtobefacedbyapanelofstrangerswho'llfire

difficultquestionsatyou,andyou'llhavetoactuallyproveyourself.Buthowwouldyou

feelif,insteadofbeingaskedwhyyouwantthejob,you'reaskedtostandupanddance?!

Fromtheperspectiveofacompany,itwantstohiretherightpersonbecausethey

canmakeabigdifferencetothesuccessoftheorganisation.Itthereforeneedstotest

acandidateinthemostappropriatewaytodiscoverhowsuitableheorshemaybe.A

goodinterviewprocessshouldinvolverigorousscreeningofjobapplicantsandeffective

questionsthateveryapplicantgetsasked.Butthat'snotalwaysthecase.

AlisonGreenisanauthorandcreatoroftheworkplaceadvicecolumn'Aska

Manager*.ShetoldtheBBCthatsomecompanies“givetheirinterviewerslittleor

notrainingandoftenleavethemcompletelyontheirownwhenitcomestofiguring

outwhattoaskjobcandidates/'Shementionsthatsomeinterviewersaretoocasualand

somefocusonbuildingagoodrapportandenduphiringthecandidatetheyjust'clicked

with',regardlessoftheirskillsandabilities.

Aninexperiencedinterviewermaythinkit'sclevertoask'ifyouwereananimal,

whatkindwouldyoube?'Thathasbeenasked,AlisonGreensays,butinrealitythishas

noconnectionwiththejob.Andtherehavebeeninappropriaterequests,suchasonejob

seekerbeingaskedtoshowtheinterviewertheinsideofherhandbagtodemonstrate

howorganisedshewas.Talkingofinappropriate,theBBCheardfromanumberofpeople

whoweresurprisedbythequestionstheywereaskedinaninterview.Maturestudent

KevinHeltonsaidthat"theinterviewerasked,'youusedtobeintheArmy,howmany

peoplehaveyoukilled?'"

ButasAlisonGreenpointsout,whileacandidatemightfeelatthemercyofan

interviewer,theyareabletoquestionwhythey'rebeingaskedsomething,andwhilethe

interviewermightbemakingjudgments,thecandidatecanalsomaketheirownjudgment

anddecideifthisisreallythecareermovetheywanttomake!

二、詞匯表

vacancy職位空缺

interview面試

proveyourself證明自己的實力

perspective（思考問題的）角度

hire雇傭

organisation組織,團體

candidate候選人，應試者

screening篩選

applicant申請人

interviewer面試官

training培訓|

figureout想出

casual不在意的，漫不經心的

rapport融洽,和諧的關系

clickedwith一拍即合的,與……產生共鳴的

skillsandabilities技能與能力

inexperienced缺乏經驗的

inappropriate不適合的，不恰當的

jobseeker應聘者

atthemercy聽命于,，任憑……擺布

judgement判斷,評判

careermove職業發展

三、測試與練習

閱讀課文并回答問題。

1.Accordingtothearticle,whatcanmakeabigdifferencetothesuccessofa

company?

2.Whatistheproblemwithinterviewersjusttryingtodevelopagoodrapportwith

thecandidate?

3.Inoneinterview,howdidtheinterviewerwanttofindouthoworganiseda

candidatewas?

4.Trueorfalse?Onlytheinterviewerisabletomakejudgementsabouttheperson

theyareinterviewing.

5.AccordingtoAlisonGreen,whatistheproblemwhenaninterviewerhaslittleor

notraining?

請在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習。選擇一個意思合適的單詞填入句子的空

格處。

1.Hisin-depthknowledgeofhowcarsworkmadehimaperfectforthejob

asamechanic.

interviewercandidate

jobseekervacancy

2.Wehaveagreatboss,shehasafantasticwithalltheteamandsheeven

buysthemcakessometimes!

perspectivescreening

rapportorganisation

3.Ourflightisdelayedbutwe'reoftheweather-there'snothingwecan

do.

atamercyonthemercy

atthemercyofthemercy

4.I'mworkingsomuch,myhouseisamesssoI'mgoingtohavetoa

cleaner.

hireapplicant

perspectiveinterview

5.Imetmywifeonablinddate.Assoonasstartedtalking,Ijusther.

clickswithclickedon

clickedatclickedwith

參考答案

閱讀課文并回答問題。

1.Accordingtothearticle,whatcanmakeabigdifferencetothesuccessofa

company?

Acompanywantstohiretherightpersonbecausetheycanmakeabigdifferencetothe

successoftheorganisation.

2.Whatistheproblemwithinterviewersjusttryingtodevelopagoodrapportwith

thecandidate?

Someinterviewersfocusonbuildingagoodrapportandenduphiringthecandidate

theyjust'clickedwith',regardlessoftheirskillsandabilities.

3.Inoneinterview,howdidtheinterviewerwanttofindouthoworganiseda

candidatewas?

Anintervieweratonecompanyaskedtolookthecandidate'shandbagtoseehow

organisedshewas.

4.Trueorfalse?Onlytheinterviewerisabletomakejudgementsabouttheperson

theyareinterviewing.

False.Whiletheinterviewermightbemakingjudgements,thecandidatecanalsomake

theirownjudgementanddecideifthisisreallythecareermovetheywanttomake!

5.AccordingtoAlisonGreen,whatistheproblemwhenaninterviewerhaslittleor

notraining?

Shesaidthatsomecompaniesgivetheirinterviewerslittleornotrainingsotheydon't

knowwhatquestionstoaskthecandidates.

請在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習。選擇一個意思合適的單詞填入句子的空

格處。

1.Hisin-depthknowledgeofhowcarsworkmadehimaperfectcandidateforthe

jobasamechanic.

2.Wehaveagreatboss,shehasafantasticrapportwithalltheteamandsheeven

buysthemcakessometimes!

3.Ourflightisdelayedbutwe'reatthemercyoftheweather-there'snothingwe

cando.

4.I'mworkingsomuch,myhouseisamesssoI'mgoingtohavetohireacleaner.

5.Imetmywifeonablinddate.Assoonasstartedtalking,Ijustclickedwithher.

自戀者是什么樣的人？

導讀：

自戀者對自身重要性的錯覺和缺乏"羞恥感"的特征可能會讓你惱火，但心理學家在

經過研究后說自戀者可能比大多數人更快樂。本期"外刊精讀"圍繞表明這種性格特征好

處的研究展開討論。

一、語篇泛讀

Ittakesallsortstomakeaworld-sosomesay.Nobodyisthesame,andour

differentpersonalitiesandcharactertraitsmakeuswhatweare.Wouldn'titbeboringif

wewereallthesame?Butifsomeonedoesn'tbehaveorthinklikeyou,itcanbe

frustrating.Andthere'sonepersonalitytypethatcanbeverydifficulttodealwith

-narcissism.

Narcissistsconsiderthemselvesthemostimportantperson.They'reonlyinterested

intheirownlife,withoutacareintheworldaboutthepeoplearoundthem.Theirlack

ofempathymakesthemcomeacrossasarrogantandself-important.Ifyouknow

someonelikethis,theirnarcissisticattitudesmightirritateyou.Butyoumightfinditeven

moreirritatingtoknowthat,accordingtonewresearch,theyarelikelytobehappierthan

otherpeople.

AnongoingstudyofnarcissismbyresearchersatQueen'sUniversityBelfasthas

foundsuchpeoplemightinfuriateothersbutarelesslikelytobestressedordepressed.

Writingabouttheresearch,theBBC'sSeanCoughlansays“Theymighthavetrampled

overothersandleftatrailofemotionaldamagearoundthem-butnarcissistsalsoseem

tobeinsulatedagainstfeelingbadaboutthem."Andtheirheightenedsenseof

self-importanceappearstogivethem"protective"qualities.

Researchershavebeentryingtounderstandwhynarcissismappearstobemore

prevalentinareassuchaspolitics,socialmediaandcelebritycultureandwhy

narcissists'shameless,over-confidentattitudeseemstoberewardedratherthan

penalized.Itdoesseemthattheyhavethebestofallworlds,whichisnotgreatnews

forshrinkingviolets.Andthere'smorebadnewsforthosewhoareshyandretiring:

previousresearchbyQueen'sUniversityhasalsofoundthata'mentaltoughness'helps

narcissistssucceedatworkandintheirsociallivesbecausetheycanovercomerejection

anddisappointment.Andothertestshavefoundthatnarcissisticstudentsdobetterin

exams,notbecausetheyaremoreclever,butbecauseoftheirconfidenceand

assertiveness.

ButpsychologistDrKostasPapageorgioufromtheresearchteamarguesthatthese

personalitytraitsshouldnotbeseenas"eithergoodorbad"butas"products

ofevolution"and"expressionsofhumannature".So,attheendoftheday,wearewhat

weare,andthat/sjustsomethingwecan'tchange.

二、詞匯表

ittakesallsortstomakeaworld世界之大，無奇不有

charactertrait性格特征

narcissism自戀,自我陶醉

narcissist自我陶醉者，自戀者

withoutacareintheworld無憂無慮

empathy同理心

arrogant傲慢的,趾高氣揚的

self-important高傲自大的

infuriate使大怒

stressed焦慮的,緊張的

depressed抑郁的,消沉的

emotionaldamage情感傷害

heightened加強的

shameless無恥的

over-confident過分自信的

shrinkingviolet靦腆的人,害羞的人

retiring不爰與人交往的，孤僻的

evolution進化

三、測試與練習

閱讀課文并回答問題。

1.Fromtheviewpointofanarcissist,whoisthemostimportantperson?

2.Accordingtoresearch,howstressedordepressedisanarcissistcomparedwith

otherpeople?

3.Trueorfalse?Narcissistsgetrejectedanddisappointedatworkbecauseoftheir

self-importance.

4.Whymightnarcissisticstudentsdobetterinexams?

5.Whichwordinthetextmeans'happeningoften/verycommon??

請在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習。選擇一個意思合適的單詞填入句子的空

格處。

1.Mybrotherisso______.Heneverlistenstomyopinionanddoeswhathewants.

narcissismarrogant

empathydepressed

2.Someofmyfriendsliketoswiminicecoldwaterforfun!Well,ittakes.

allworldstomakeasort

allsorttomakeaworld

allsortstomakeaworld

allsortstomakeaworlds

3.Janeis-shetookallthegloryforwinningtheraceeventhoughshe

cheated!

shamelessself-important

depressedretiring

4.Myfriendisno____—-wheneverwegotoakaraokebar,she'sthefirsttoget

upandsing!

shrinkvioletshrinkingviolets

shrinkedvioletshrinkingviolet

5.Thetraincompany'slackofinformationaboutthedelaysstartedtothe

passengers.