學必求其心得，業必貴于專精學必求其心得，業必貴于專精學必求其心得，業必貴于專精Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestarsPart1TeachingDesign第一部分教學設計Period2AsamplelessonplanforLearningaboutLanguage（Nounclausesasthesubject)IntroductionInthisperiodstudentswillbefirsthelpedbytheteachertodiscoverandlearntousesomeusefulwordsandexpressions,andthentodiscoverandlearntousethefollowingusefulstructures：nounclausesasthesubject.Thefollowingstepsofteachingmaybetaken：warmingupbydiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressions，learningaboutgrammar，readingmoreonsubjectclause，andclosingdownbydoingexercises.ObjectivesTolearnaboutnounclausesasthesubjectTodiscoverandlearntousesomeusefulwordsandexpressionsTodiscoverandlearntousesomeusefulstructuresProcedures1。WarmingupbydiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressionsTurntopage28anddoexercises1，2，3and4first.Checkyouranswersagainstyourclassmates'。2。LearningaboutgrammarIntroductiontoNounClausesAnounclauseisaclausewhichdoestheworkofanouninasentence.Itisagroupofwordscontainingasubjectandaverbofitsown。Itcanbeusedasasubject，predicatenominative,directobject,appositive，indirectobject,orobjectofthepreposition。Usuallynounclausesbeginwiththat,what,where，when,who，whom,which,whose，how,why,whether，etc.Examples:Hesaidthathewouldnotcome。Wewereallcurioustoknowwhathehaddone。Nobodyknowswhentheregistrationwillbegin.Weallwantedtofindoutwhothewinnerwas.Whomtheywereincontactwithonthedayoftherobberyisofgreatinteresttothepolice.Janeisnotsurewhichuniversitysheshouldapplyfor。Thejudgeshadahardtimedecidingwhosepaintingwasthebest.Howthebabyfellfromthewindowisamystery.Theyaskedtheboywhyhehadhithisclassmate。Whetheryoulikeitornotisnottheissue。UsesofNounClausesNounClausescanbeusedinthefollowingways：a.AsthesubjectofaverbWhyshekeptoncryingpuzzledeveryone。nounclausemainverb

b。AstheobjectNobody

knows

howhegotinvolvedinganglandactivities

verbnounclausec.Asthecomplementoftheverb”tobe"orpredicativeWhatweareworriedaboutisthathemayhaveanotherheartattack.Thequestioniswhytheycouldescapethroughthefrontdoorwhenthereweresomanyguardsthere。Findthenounclausesinthefollowingsentencesandtellhowtheyareused.（Subject，predicatenominative，directobject,appositive，indirectobject,orobjectofthepreposition)1。Howtheprisonerescapedisamystery.2.Myfeelingisthattherobberywasaninsidejob。3。Everyoneiswonderinghowhecouldjustdisappear.4.Thenewsthathehadescapedfrightenedthewholetown。5.Thepolicehaveofferedwhoeverfindsthestolendiamondsareward.6。Thefamilyhashadnowordaboutwherehemightbe。7.Thatwewerereadytogowasamiracle。8。Givewhoeverwantstogoaridetothegame。9。Thatyouarelosinggroundwasevidentfromthepolls。10。Whoeverinjuredthehandicappedwomanmustbefeelingguilty.Keys:1。Howtheprisonerescaped→subject2.thattherobberywasaninsidejob→predicatenominative3.howhecouldjustdisappear→directobject4.thathehadescaped→appositive5。whoeverfindsthestolendiamonds→indirectobject6.wherehemightbe→objectofthepreposition7.Thatwewerereadytogo→subject8。whoeverwantstogo→indirectobject9.Thatyouarelosingground→subject10.Whoeverinjuredthehandicappedwoman→subject3.學習主語從句一、由what（whatever，whoever）等代詞引導的主語從句。Whattheyareafterismoney。他們追求的是金錢。Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret。這里說的話都應當保密.二、由連詞that引導的主語從句。其中that一般不可省略,但若用it作形式主語，that從句后置時，則可省略。為避免頭重腳輕，我們傾向用it開頭,后接be，seem等。如果句子是疑問形式，就只能用帶it的結構。Thatmoneydoesn'tgrowontreesshouldbeobvious。金錢不能從樹上長出來是顯而易見的。Itisobvious(that）moneydoesn’tgrowontrees。顯而易見,金錢是不能從樹上長出來的。Hasitbeenannouncedwhentheplanesaretotakeoff？飛機什么時候起飛宣布了沒有？注意：1）選用what還是用that引導主語從句要根據關聯詞在從句中是否擔任成分而定。且what（以及whatever,whoever等)引導的主語從句一般不用it作形式主語。Whathesaidistrue。他說的是真的。(what在其引導的主語從句中作賓語。）ThatChinaisagreatsocialistcountryiswellknown。（=It’swellknownthat…）眾所周知,中國是一個偉大的社會主義國家。(that在其引導的主語從句中不作任何成分，也無詞義,只起連接作用。）2)it引導的強調句與it作形式主語的復合句不可混淆。it引導的強調句是用來對句中某一成分加以強調，其結構為：“Itis（或was）+強調部分+that（或who)…"強調句去掉Itis（或was）…that（或who）…框架后,剩余部分為一個完整的句子.ItwasIthat(who)metMaryinthestreetyesterday.是我昨天在街上遇見了瑪麗。（強調主語)3）常見的用it作形式主語的復合句結構：＊Itis+形容詞（necessary,strange，important，wonderful，possible,likely，等）+that從句,從句中常用虛擬語氣。It’snecessarythathewritesomethinginEnglish.他用英語寫點東西是必要的。It’sstrangethatshedidnotgotoschoolyesterday.奇怪的是她昨天沒去上學。*Itis+名詞（afact，apity，nowonder,goodnews,等）+that從句It'sapitythatsheshouldhavesaidso。真遺憾她竟然會這么說。＊Itis+過去分詞（said,reported，decided，unknown等）+that從句ItssaidthatourEnglishteacherwillgoabroadnextweek。據說我們英語老師下周要去出國。＊It+不及物動詞（seems,appears,happens,matters等)+that從句Itseemsthatsheisingreatneedofhelp。看來她急幫忙.4）主語為從句時，一般要用單數謂語動詞形式；但如果引導的從句作主語、代表復數概念（常可從表語上看出)時，謂語動詞則常用復數形式：Whatweneediswater.我們需要的是水。Whatweneedareusefulbooks.我們需要的是有用的書。三、由連接代詞或連接副詞（或if，whether）引導的主語從句.Whentheywillcomehasn'tbeenmadepublic.他們什么時候回來還沒有宣布.WhetherI’llattendthemeetinghasn'tbeendecided.=Ithasn’tbeendecidedwhether(if）I’llattendthemeeting.我是否參加會議還未決定。4．Closingdownbydoinganquiz1。NounClausePracticeQuiz1)Ihadanaccidentandtookmycartothegarage.Myhusbandaskedmewhere________.A.ismycarB.mycarwasC.mycarisD.wasmycar2）Isittrueallofthecomputerswillshutdownintheyear2010?