必修四Unit2WorkingthelandSectionAWarmingUp,Pre-reading,ReadingandComprehending問題導學SummaryAlthoughheisoneofChina'smostfamous1(scientist),yetYuanLongpingconsiders2〔he〕afarmer,forheworksthelandtodohisresearch.Indeed,his3(sunburn)faceandarmsandhisslim,strongbodyarejust4thoseofmillionsofChinesefarmers,forwhomhe5〔struggle〕forthepastfivedecades.DrYuanLongpinggrows6iscalledsuperhybridrice.In1974,hebecamethefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworld7(grow)ricethathasahighoutput.Thisspecialstrainofricemakes8possibletoproduceone-thirdmoreofthecropin9samefields.Nowmorethan60%ofthericeproducedinChinaeachyearis10hishybridstrain.【答案】1.scientists2.himself3.sunburnt/sunburned4.like5.hasstruggled6.what7.togrow8.it9.the10.fromLanguagePoints重點單詞1.strugglevt.&vi.斗爭；拼搏；努力；艱難地行進；吃力地進行n.斗爭；拼搏；努力;困難拓展：①strugglefor為……斗爭②struggleagainst同……作斗爭③struggletoone'sfeet掙扎著站起來④struggletodosth努力去做某事⑤astruggle一件難事〞經(jīng)典例句：①We

must

struggle

with/against

allkindsofdifficulties.

我們必須與各種困難作斗爭。②Theyarestrugglingfortheirfreedomandequality.他們正在為自由和平等而奮斗。③Theoldladystruggledtoherfeetintheend.最終，老太太掙扎著站起來了。④LiHuastruggledformonthstofindajobasatypistbuthehadnoluck.李華苦苦奮斗幾個月想找一個打字員的工作，但是沒有結果。⑤Growinguphasalwaysbeena

struggle.成長總是艱苦的。=6\*GB3⑥ThechildrenmadesomuchnoisethatIhadtostruggletobeheard.孩子們吵吵的太厲害了,我得盡力才能讓他們能聽到我說的話。知識運用：①Sheisstruggling(seize)theonlychancetosurvive.②Hewaswalkingalongthestreetwhenhesawawoman(struggle)withalargebox.③They

had

to

struggletheirlivestheweather

and

wildanimals.④The

poor

girl

has

to

struggle

cancer.⑤Itis〔一件不容易的事〕forJacktogetreadyinsuchashorttime.【答案】①toseize②struggling③for;against④against/with⑤astruggle2.hungern.饑餓；欲望vt.&vi.〔使〕饑餓拓展：①haveahungerfor=behungryfor渴望得到②hungerfor/after渴望得到③dieofhunger死于饑餓④hungryadj.饑餓的⑤gohungry挨餓經(jīng)典例句：①Childrenhaveastronghungerforknowledge.孩子們有強烈的求知欲。②Everybody

intheworld

hungers

for

success.世人都渴望成功。③Thousandsofpeoplewouldgohungryifthecropsweredestroyed.莊稼要是毀了，成千上萬的人就要挨餓。④Thebirddiedofhunger.那只鳥餓死了。知識運用：①Youngpeoplehungerknowledgeandnewthings.②HishungerknowledgedrovehimtotheLibraryeveryday.③Almosteverybodyis

(hunger)

for

money.【答案】①for②for③hungry

3.disturbingadj.引起煩惱的；令人不安的拓展：①disturb

sb/sth.擾亂,弄亂，打攪②disturbsbwithsth因某事打攪某人③disturbedadj心煩意亂的；不安的；心理失常的④be/feeldisturbedtodo…因為做某事而感到不安、困擾⑤be/feeldisturbedby…被……打攪=6\*GB3⑥be/feeldisturbedabout…對……感到不安經(jīng)典例句：.①I'msorrytodisturbyouwiththisquestion.對不起，我問問題打攪你了。②Keepquiet

inthe

readingroom

inorder

notto

disturb

others.

在閱覽室里要保持安靜，

以免阻礙別人。③Itisverydisturbingthattherehasbeenanincreaseincrimeinthelastsixmonths.過去六個月里犯罪案件的增加令人非常不安。

④Hewasbadlydisturbedby

therumor.他被謠言弄得非常心煩意亂。知識運用：①ForyearsPeterSmith'slifebythememoryofanaccidentthatcausedthedeathofoneofhis

classmates.②(disturb)newscamethatthevirusspreadquickly,whichmadeusrather(disturb).③Shewasdisturbed________hermother’ssuddenillness④Shewasdisturbed_______〔hear〕ofhermother’ssuddenillness.⑤Shewasdisturbed________thenewsofhermother’ssuddenillness.=6\*GB3⑥Thencamethe________〔disturb〕newsthatherfatherhadbecomeseriouslyill.=7\*GB3⑦In

order

not

〔disturb〕,I

spent

three

hourslockedin

my

study.【答案】①wasdisturbed②Disturbing;disturbed③about

④tohear⑤by=6\*GB3⑥disturb=7\*GB3⑦to

be

disturbed4.thereforeadv.因為；所以；因而拓展：①therefore

是副詞，不能引導從句，兩個句子之間要用連詞或者分號；而

so是連詞，可接句子。②如果therefore承接的兩個句子的主語為同一主語，那么可用

“therefore＋v-ing〞作結果狀語。經(jīng)典例句：①Wehaveagrowingpopulationandthereforeweneedmorefood.

我們的人口在日益增長，所以我們需要更多的食物。②Agriculturehasdevelopedrapidly,

thereforeprovidinglightindustrywith

enoughrawmaterials.

農業(yè)迅速開展,從而為輕工業(yè)提供了充足的原料。③Thereisstillmuchtodiscuss.Weshallthereforeholdanothermeetingtodiscussitnextweek.還有很多問題要討論，所以，我們還有再開一次會議來討論這些問題。知識運用：①Ithoughtitwasdulltowatchagameinwhichplayerskickedaballtoeachother.Therefore,myfatherlovesfootball.〔單句改錯〕②Itrainedthereforethefootballmatchwaspostponed.〔單句改錯〕③Recentlywehaveemployedanewtechniqueintheproduction,therefore〔reduce〕thecost.

④IwasillthereforeIcouldn’tgototheparty.=IwasillIcouldn’tgototheparty.【答案】①Therefore改為However②therefore前加and或改therefore為so③reducing

④and;so5.equip(equipped,equipped)vt.配備；裝備拓展：①equip…with…用……把某人/自己裝備起來；使……裝備②beequippedwith…裝備有……；安裝有……③equipsb.todosth.使有能力做某事；使有所準備做某事④sb.

be

equipped

to

do

sth.

某人有準備做某事

⑤beequippedfor…準備好……；對……有準備=6\*GB3⑥equipmentUn．設備

經(jīng)典例句：①Our

classroom

isequippedwith

a

TV

set

and

acomputer.

我們的教室里配有一臺電視和一臺電腦。②A

good

education

will

equip

you

for

life.良好的教育將使你受用終生。③Hertrainingequippedhertodealwiththenewjob.她所受的培訓使她能夠對付這項新的工作。④Our

school

has

been

given

some

new

equipment.我們學校被給了一些新的設備。⑤Westudentsshouldequipourselveswithrichknowledge.我們學生應該用知識來豐富自己。知識運用：①Heequippedhisnewbikeaheadlight.②Yourtrainingwillequipyouyourfuturejob.③Ourschooloffersusgood(equip)andourteachers(equip)withrichexperienceinteaching.④〔equip〕withnewscientificfarmingmethods，theyhavebeenabletouselessfarmlandthaninthepast.【答案】①with②for ③equipment；areequipped④Equipped6.confusevt.使迷惑；使為難拓展：①confuseAwithB把A混為B②beconfusedby…被……搞糊涂，③beconfusedabout對……感到不解④confusedadj感到困惑的，煩惱的⑤confusingadj令人困惑的=6\*GB3⑥confusionn.騷亂；混亂；混淆經(jīng)典例句：①Ihopemyexplanationdidn’tconfuseeverybody.我希望我的解釋沒有把大家都弄糊涂。②I

confusedherwithhersister

becausetheyweresoalike.我把她和她妹妹弄混了，因為她們長得太像了。③Thisisaconfusingwordbecauseithasseveralmeanings.這是一個令人迷惑的單詞，因為它有幾個意思。④

I’m

confused

about

whatIamgoingtodoaftergraduation.我對我畢業(yè)之后從事什么工作感到很迷惑。知識運用：①Hewasreally〔confuse〕bythe〔confuse〕problemwhichalso〔confuse〕otherpeople.②Hiswritingisso〔confuse〕thatitisdifficulttomakeoutwhatheistryingtoexpress.③The_________〔confuse〕motheraskedhimwhathetalkedaboutwithherlittledaughter.④Helookedatme

in(confuse)

,notansweringmyquestion.⑤ForeigntouristsareoftenconfusinginJapanbecausemoststreetstheredon’thavenames.〔單句改錯〕【答案】①confused；confusing;confused②confusing③confused④confusion

⑤confusing改為

confused7.regretvt.遺憾；惋惜n.遺憾；懊悔拓展：①regretsth.懊悔/遺憾某事②regretthat從句遺憾……③regretdoing/havingdone/tohavedonesth.懊悔做了某事④regrettosay/tell/inform遺憾地說/告訴/通知⑤muchtoone'sregret使某人非常遺憾的是=6\*GB3⑥withregret遺憾地=7\*GB3⑦express

regret

for/at/over

sth…對……表示遺憾

=8\*GB3⑧be/feelregretfulfor為……感到懊悔

經(jīng)典例句：①Iregretthelossofherfriendship.我為失去她的友誼而遺憾。②IregrettosaythatIamunabletohelpyou.很抱歉,我愛莫能助。③Iamregretfulforhurtingherfeelings.我懊悔傷害了她的感情。④Idon'tregrettelling/havingtold/tohavetoldherwhatIthought.我不為告訴她我的想法而懊悔。⑤I

feel

regretful

forwhat

I'vedone.

我懊悔我所做的一切。=6\*GB3⑥Muchto

my

regret

，

I

must

leave

now.

令我很遺憾的是，我現(xiàn)在必須離開了。

=7\*GB3⑦We

heard

withregret

that

you

were

not

successful

in

your

plan.

聽到你的方案不能順利進行，我們覺得很可惜。

知識運用：①Ideeplyregret(say)thoserudewordstoyouthatday.Iapologizetoyouforthat.②Lifeistooshorttospendtime

(regret).③LiPingdidnotregret(give)thecommentbutfeltthatshecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.④Theschoolboysaidhe(regret)the

timewasted

playingcomputergames.⑤Robertisindeedawiseman.HowoftenIhaveregretted(沒聽他的建議)!

=6\*GB3⑥〔使我非常遺憾的是〕,Ican’tvisityounextweek.【答案】①tosay②regretting③giving/havinggiven/tohavegiven④regretted⑤nottakinghisadvice=6\*GB3⑥MuchtomyregretII.重點短語1．thanksto幸虧；由于；因為拓展:與thanksto同義的短語：①owingto②dueto(不位于句首)③asa/theresultof④becauseof⑤onaccountof經(jīng)典例句：①Thankstohisencouragement,Iambuildingupmyconfidence.多虧了他的鼓勵，我正逐步建立信心。②Itisbecauseoftheterribleweatherthattheoutputofcropsreducesby20%thisyear.是由于糟糕的天氣今年的莊稼才減產20%的。③Hewenttoschoollatethanksto/becauseoftheheavyrain.因為下大雨，他上學遲到了。④Iamwellagain,thankstothedoctor.我已經(jīng)康復了，多虧了醫(yī)生。知識運用：①〔多虧吉姆的警告〕,

we

avoided

the

accident.

②(由于壞天氣)，thefootballmatchhasbeenputoff.③I

couldn’t

attend

the

meetingowingmyillness.

④I

couldn’t

attend

the

meetingbecausemyillness.⑤Ididn’t

attend

the

meetingaccountofmyillness.=6\*GB3⑥Ididn’t

attend

the

meetingaresultofmyillness.=7\*GB3⑦Thanksyourhelp.Weallpassedtheexam.=8\*GB3⑧Thanksyourhelp,weallpassedtheexam.【答案】①ThankstoJim’s

warning②Thanksto/Owingto/Becauseof/Onaccountof/Asaresultofthebadweather③to④of⑤on=6\*GB3⑥as=7\*GB3⑦for=8\*GB3⑧to2.rid…of擺脫；除去拓展：①ridoneselfof使自己擺脫(從中解脫)②getridof擺脫〔疾病、壞習慣等〕；除掉〔觀點、傳統(tǒng)等〕〔指動作〕③beridof擺脫；除掉〔指狀態(tài)〕④其它常見的“v.＋sb.ofsth.〞結構：robsb.ofsth.搶劫某人某物convincesb.ofsth.使某人信服某事warnsb.ofsth.警告某人某事informsb.ofsth.告知某人某事curesb.ofsth.治愈某人的疾病remindsbofsth提醒某人關于某事經(jīng)典例句：①Onceformed,thesebadhabitsarehardtogetridof.一旦養(yǎng)成，這些壞習慣很難擺脫。

②Ican'tgetridofmycold．我感冒老不好。③Youmustgetridofsuchsilly

ideas．你必須去掉這些愚蠢的觀念。④Mr.Johnsontriedtogetridofthemanwhowasfollowinghimbutinvain.約翰遜試圖擺脫跟蹤他的那個人，但是徒勞。知識運用：①Itisnoteasyto〔去掉一種壞習慣〕.②Thankstotheschoolmate’shelp,hefinally________________________________________________(改掉了他的壞習慣).③Thedentist(使他擺脫了痛苦)bytakingouthisbadtooth.④Overthepastfewdecades,thegovernmenthashelpedridagoodmanypeoplepovertyandhunger.⑤Ashewasgettingontothestage,Danclosedhiseyesandtookadeepbreathtoridhimofhisfears.(單句改錯)【答案】①getridofabad

habit②ridhimselfof/gotridofhisbadhabit③ridhimofthepain④of⑤him改為himself3.besatisfiedwith…=bepleasedwith…對……感到滿意拓展：①satisfy

vt.滿意；使?jié)M意

;滿足

②be

satisfied

to

do

樂意干……

③be

satisfied

that

滿意……

④satisfied

adj.

感到滿意的=5\*GB3⑤satisfying

adj.

令人滿意的=6\*GB3⑥satisfactory

adj.

令人滿意的=7\*GB3⑦satisfaction

n.

滿意，滿足=8\*GB3⑧withsatisfaction滿意地=9\*GB3⑨t(yī)oone’ssatisfaction使某人滿意的是經(jīng)典例句：①)I

am

satisfied

with

the

result.我對那個結果很滿意。②My

parents

try

to

satisfy

allmy

needs.我父母盡量滿足我的所有需求。③There

was

a

satisfied

look

on

her

face.她臉上露出了滿意的微笑。④Much

to

my

satisfaction，my

boss

agreed

to

my

suggestion.很使我滿意的是，老板同意了我的建議。=5\*GB3⑤Hisexplanationisfarfromsatisfactory.他的解釋遠不令人滿意。=6\*GB3⑥Thatwasasatisfyingperformance.

那是一場令人滿意的演出。知識運用：①You’redonewellatschool.I’mverysatisfied________you.②TheboylookedathisChristmasgiftwithanexpressionof〔satisfy〕.③〔satisfy〕theneed,wearestillinneedofalargesumofmoney.④SofarasIknow,heisquite〔satisfy〕withhispresentjob.=5\*GB3⑤Theresultsoftheexperimentareverysatisfied.【答案】①with②satisfaction

③Tosatisfy④satisfied=5\*GB3⑤satisfied改為satisfactory/satisfying4.wouldrather寧愿；寧可拓展：①would

rather(not)dosth寧愿〔不〕做某事②would

ratherdosththando…=would

dosthratherthando…寧愿做某事也不愿意做……③would

rather主語didsth寧愿主語做某事〔實際上沒做〕④would

rather主語haddonesth寧愿主語過去做了某事=5\*GB3⑤would

rather

have

done

sth.

要是做過某事就好了；寧愿做過某事(實際上沒)經(jīng)典例句：①I‘d

rather

not

tell

anybody

about

it.

我寧愿不把這事告訴任何人②

He

would

rather

die

than

give

in.=He

would

die

ratherthan

give

in.他寧死不屈。③I

would

rather

he

didn‘t

come.

我寧愿他不會來。

④I

would

ratheryou

had

taken

my

advice

yesterday.

昨天你要是聽了我的建議就好了。=5\*GB3⑤I

would

rather

have

taken

his

advice

yesterday.

昨天，我要是聽他的忠告就好了。知識運用：

①Wouldyouratherstayathomeor(我們一起出去散步)?②I’dratherMary________(give)ussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell.③Hewoulddosomesportswithhisclassmates________________(而不愿)stayathomedoingnothing.④Iwouldrathersleepalldaythantoplaycomputergamesforalongtime.〔單句改錯〕【答案】①goouttohaveawalkwithus②gave

③ratherthan④去掉toIII.重點句子1.Dr.YuanLongpinggrowswhatiscalledsuperhybridrice．袁隆平博士種植的是被稱為“超級雜交水稻〞的稻種。句式分析：句中whatiscalledsuperhybridrice為賓語從句，作grows的賓語。what引導名詞從句，在句子中作主語、賓語、表語或同位語，what在從句中可以作主語、表語、賓語等。經(jīng)典例句：①Amoderncityhasbeensetupinwhatwasawastelandtenyearsago.一座現(xiàn)代化的城市已經(jīng)在十年前曾經(jīng)是一片廢墟的地上建立起來了。

②After

a

hard

time

they

came

to

what

is

called

America

today.艱難的一段時間的努力后，他們來到了現(xiàn)在稱作美洲的地方。

③—Couldyoudomeafavour?—Itdependsonwhatitis.--你能幫我一個忙嗎？--那要看是什么了。④We

now

live

in

what

is

called

the

Information

Age.

我們現(xiàn)在生活在所謂的信息時代。

知識運用：

①Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistof______mykidswillneedforthecomingseason.②After(似乎很長時間),thebusarrived.③Afterhours’drive，theyreached________theythoughtwastheplacethey’dbeendreamingof.④Theshopkeeperdidnotwanttosellforhethoughtwasnotenough.=5\*GB3⑤PeopleinChongqingareproudof___theyhaveachievedinthepasttenyears.【答案】①what②whatseemedalongtime

③what④what=5\*GB3⑤what2.In1973,hebecamethefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworldtogrowricethathasahighoutput.1974年，他成為世界上第一位種植高產水稻的農業(yè)先鋒。句式分析：句中的togrowrice為動詞不定式作定語，修飾thefirstagriculturalpioneer。注意：當名詞前有序數(shù)詞、最高級或next，last,theonly修飾，且名詞與不定式有邏輯上的主謂關系，必須用動詞不定式作定語。經(jīng)典例句：①Hewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterday.昨天他是最后一個離開教室的。

②ThefirstpersontoreachtheSouthPolewasRonaldAmundsen,aNorwegianexplorer.第一個到達南極點的人)是挪威探險家羅納德·阿蒙森。③Chinaisamongthefirstfewcountriestodevelopfarming.中國是世界上為數(shù)不多的最早開展農業(yè)的國家之一。拓展：1)不定式與其所修飾的名詞還可能有邏輯上動賓關系，如：①Gethimsomethingtoeat.給他拿點兒東西吃。

Shehasalotofworktodointhemorning.早上他有很多工作要做。2)不及物動詞構成的不定式做定語，要加上適當?shù)慕樵~和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動賓關系，這里的介詞不能省去。如：①Ineedapentowritewith.我需要一支筆寫字。

②Thereisnothingtoworryabout.沒有什么值得發(fā)愁的。

3)下面名詞常常跟不定式作定語：

ability，ambition，effort，need，opportunity，chance，force，promise，courage，intention，reason，decision，determination，wish等。如：

①Ihaven’thadachancetothinkyet.我還沒有時機思考。②Wehavenoneedtobeafraidofthem!我們沒有必要害怕他們!③Hiswishtobuyacarcametrue.他買輛車的愿望實現(xiàn)了。

④Theirdecisiontogiveuptheexperimentsurprisedus.

他們放棄這個實驗的決定使我們大吃一驚。

知識運用：①Hewas〔最后一個離開教室的人〕yesterday.②Hewas(做這個工作的最正確人選).③Shewas〔唯一的幸存者〕intheaircrash.④Heisalwaysthefirstperson___________(come)andthelastone_______(leave).=5\*GB3⑤Givemesomepapertowrite.(單句改錯)【答案】①thelastpersontoleavetheclassroom②thebestmantodothejob③theonlyonetosurvive④tocome；toleave=5\*GB3⑤write后加on3.Usinghishybridrice,farmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore.用他的雜交水稻種子,農民們種出的糧食是以前的兩倍。句式分析：twiceaslargeasbefore是個一種數(shù)的表達方法，即“倍數(shù)+as+形容詞+as〞的結構，意思是，“以前的兩倍〞。拓展：有關倍數(shù)的表達方式還有：①倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.＋as…②倍數(shù)＋as＋many/much＋名詞＋as…③倍數(shù)＋形容詞/副詞的比擬級＋than…④倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞＋of…⑤倍數(shù)+that/thoseof…=6\*GB3⑥倍數(shù)+what從句注意：(1)在“倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞＋of〞結構中，常用的名詞有size,height,weight,length,width等。(2)兩倍用twice或double，不到一倍用分數(shù)表示，三倍或三倍以上一般用times來表示，如threetimes,fourtimes等。經(jīng)典例句：①Theearthisforty-ninetimeslargerthanthemoon.

地球比月亮大四十九倍。②Thisriveristwiceaslongasthatone.

這條河是那條河的兩倍長。③Thisropeisonlyhalfthelengthofthatone.這條繩子的長度是那條繩子的一半。④Hemakestwiceasmuchmoneyashiswife.他掙的錢是他妻子的兩倍多。⑤Theoutputofthisyearis3timesthatof2007.今年的產量三倍于2007年的產量。=6\*GB3⑥Theoutputofthisyearis3timeswhatitwas2007.今年的產量是2007年的三倍。知識運用：①Thehallis〔是我們教室的五倍大〕.②Itissaidthatthefactoryisnow____________________________________________(過去的兩倍)．③Ournewcampusisfivetimes_____________________________________________(舊校園大小).④Muchtothecouple'scomfort,theirincomeisnowdouble________itwasfiveyearsago.⑤Theheight

of

thebigtreeisfourtimes

of

that

smallone.【答案】①fivetimesbiggerthanourclassroom②twiceaslargeaswhatitwas③thesizeoftheoldone④what⑤thatSectionBLearningaboutEnglish，UsingLanguagesandSummaryup問題導學SummaryOverthepastseveraldecades,1(use)chemicalfertilizershasbecomeverycommoninfarming.However,scientistsarefindingthatoverusingthemcancausedamagetothelandaswellaspeople'shealth.

Withthese2(discovery),manyfarmersarebeginningtoturntoorganicfarming,thatis,3(simple)farmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Theyfocus4keepingtheirsoilrichbyusingnaturalwasteasfertilizer,5keepstheair,soil,waterandcropsfreefromchemicals.

Organicfarmersalsousemany6methodstokeepthesoilfertile.Theychangethekindofcropineachfieldeveryfewyears.Someorganicfarmersprefer7(plant)grassbetweencropstopreventwindorwaterfrom8(carry)awaythesoil,andthenleavingitinthegroundtobecomeanaturalfertilizerforthenextyear'scrop.Thesemethodshave9samegoal:togrowgoodfoodandavoid10(damage)theenvironmentorpeople'shealth.【答案】1.using2.discoveries3.simply4.on5.which6.other7.planting8.carrying9.the10.damagingLanguagePointsI.重點單詞1.discoveryn.發(fā)現(xiàn)；覺察拓展：①discovervt.發(fā)現(xiàn)②discoverern.發(fā)現(xiàn)者③thediscoveryof對……的發(fā)現(xiàn)④thediscovererof……的發(fā)現(xiàn)者

經(jīng)典例句：①MadameCuriediscoveredradium.居里夫人發(fā)現(xiàn)了鐳。②Theislandwasnamedafteritsdiscoverer,Tasman.這個島是以它的發(fā)現(xiàn)者塔斯曼的名字來命名的。③MadameCuriebecamewellknownforthediscoveryofradium．居里夫人因為發(fā)現(xiàn)了鐳而變得聞名了。④MadameCuriewillalwaysberememberedas

the

discoverer

ofthe

element

radium.居里夫人將會作為鐳的發(fā)現(xiàn)者永遠被人們記住。知識運用：①Columbus

America

in

1492.②The(discover)ofelectricitywasFranklin.③The(discover)ofelectricity，likemanyother___________(discover),benefitsusgreatly.【答案】①discovered②discoverer③discovery,discoveries2.focusn.焦點；中心點vt.集中；聚集拓展:①focuson聚焦，關注②focus/fix/concentrateone'sattentionon…把注意力集中于……③focusone'sattention/eyes/energyon…集中注意力/目光/精力于……④befocusedon專注于⑤thefocusof……的焦點

經(jīng)典例句：①Shefocusedhermindonherlessons．她把她的心思都集中在學習上。②Withallhisattentionfocusedonthebookhewasreading,hedidn'tnoticewhathadhappened.由于全部注意力都集中在他讀的書上，他沒有注意到所發(fā)生的事。③Withsomanypeoplefocusingtheireyesonher,shefeltverynervous.有那么多人在盯著自己，她感到很緊張。④Ourattentionshouldbefocusedonourlessons.我們應該專注我們的功課。⑤Thisproblemhasbecomethefocusofpublicattention.這個問題已經(jīng)成為公眾注意的焦點。知識運用：①Wemustfocusourattentionthequestionofreducingcosts．②Withallhisattention〔focus〕onthecomputergame,theboyevendidn'tnoticehismothercamein.③Globalwarminghasbecome〔會議的焦點〕tobeheldtomorrow.④She

feltthat

all

the

eyes

(盯著她).

【答案】①

on②focused③thefocusofthemeeting④werefixed/focusedon

her3.reducevt.減少；減縮vi.減少；縮小；歸納為拓展:①reduce…by…把……減少了……②reduce…to…把……減少到……；把……變?yōu)椤瓲顟B(tài)③bereducedtodoingsth…陷入某種境地④reductionn減少；下降；縮小經(jīng)典例句：①Bytakingexerciseeveryday,shehasreducedherweightby10%to50kilos.通過每天鍛煉身體，她的體重減少了10%，到了50公斤。②It’ssurprisingthattherichmanshouldbereducedtobeggingforaliving.信不信由你，那個富人竟然淪落至乞討為生。③Wecanonlymake

a

reduction

of$5perton

in

the

price.我們只能在價格上每噸降5美元。④Shehasbeenreducingforthelastfewweeks.她在最近幾周一直在節(jié)食減肥。知識運用：①Therewasverylittlefoodinhardtimes.Asaresult，manypeoplewerereducedto________(eat)grassandleaves.②Thisistheonlyway________(reduce)thewasteofwaterinstudents'bedrooms.③Weagreetoreduceourprice3%ifyoupayincash.④Myfatherreducedhisweight6kilos.【答案】①eating②toreduce③by④by4.commentn.vi.&vt.評論；議論拓展:①commenton/uponsth.對某事做出評論②makecommentson/upon/aboutsb./sth.對某人(某事做出評論③withoutcomment未作任何解釋經(jīng)典例句：①Iwon’tcommentonhisdecision.=Iwon’tmakeanycommentonhisdecision.我不會對他的決定做出評論。②He

listenedto

what

I

said

without

much

comment,

then

changedthe

subject

tomyjob.

他聽著我說的話，沒怎么評論，然后將話題轉移到我的工作上。知識運用：①I'msurehewillsurely________________(做出評論)yourworkifyouaskhimto.②Swapsummarieswithyourpartnerand________________________________________(互相評論).③IoftenwishIcouldcommentyourlettersbutthereisnotime.(單句改錯)【答案】①makecommentson/upon②makecommentsoneachother③comment后加onII.重點短語1.buildup逐漸增強；建立；開發(fā)拓展：v+up短語：addup加起來；合計comeup上升；走近；發(fā)芽pickup撿起；學會；用車接；〔天氣〕晴開takeup拿起；開始；從事lookup查找；向上看eatup吃光；吃完setup豎起；創(chuàng)設；開辦經(jīng)典例句：①Sheisstrugglingtobuildupherconfidence.她正在努力建立信心。②Takingexercisehelpsusbuildupourbodyandkeepaclearmind.經(jīng)常鍛煉有助于我們增強體質并保持清醒的頭腦。③It'ssaidthatshe'sbuiltupaverysuccessfulbusiness.據(jù)說她開了一家很成功的生意。知識運用：①Wetakeregularexercisetobuild________ourbody.②Hisconfidence(build)upgraduallyashegainedmoreandmoreexperienceinteaching.③Youwillfeelgoodifyou(建立起良好的相互關系).

【答案】①up②built③buildupgoodrelationshipswitheachother2.leadto導致；造成〔后果〕拓展：①leadsb.todosth.導致某