必修5Unit13People(主題語境:人與社會——社會服務與人際溝通)核心考點課堂突破1.gainvt.&vi.&n.獲得;增加;贏得;(鐘表)快;收益[教材原句]Well,knowingthesethingscanhelpyougainabettersenseofyourselfasareader,writerandthinker,andyoucandevelopthetoolstobecomeabetterlearner.(P4)了解這些事情可以幫助你獲得你自己的作為讀者、作家和思想家更好的感覺,并且你可以開發工具以成為更好的學習者。語境巧練[單句語法填空]①Stayingathome,hegainsfunwatchingthesevideos.

②Practisingspeakinginpublic,notonlyhasheimprovedhisabilitybuthehasalsogainedmoreconfidence.

[完成句子]③通過參加典禮,我不僅獲得了一些知識,還受到鼓勵與隊友們協作。Byattendingtheceremony,notonlyhaveIbutIamalsoencouragedtoworktogetherwithmyteammates.

考點必記gainconfidence獲得自信gainby/from從……中獲益gainin增長;增加gainweight增重gaintime贏得時間Nopains,nogains.不勞無獲。[寫作佳句]Onlybyworkinghardcanweatlastbecomesuccessful.Justasthesayinggoes,“Nopains,nogains.”我們只有通過努力才能最終獲得成功,正如諺語所說:“不勞無獲。”2.concentratevi.&vt.集中(思想、注意力等);使……集中(或集合、聚集)[教材原句]Concentrateonwhatisreallyimportant.(P5)集中注意力于真正重要的內容。語境巧練[單句語法填空]①Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeand(concentrate)ofphytoplankton(海洋微生物).(2019·北京卷,閱讀理解D篇)

②Inthisclass,studentsconcentratelearningtodevelopfilms.

[小話題寫作]③在過去的兩個月,我們一直專注練習打排球,希望贏得冠軍。(2019·全國Ⅱ卷,書面表達)

考點必記①concentrateon/upon集中于……concentrateone’sattentionon/upon...把某人的注意力集中在……②concentratedadj.集中的;濃縮的;全神貫注的concentrationn.專心;集中(注意力)[寫作佳句]Don’tgetyourselftiredbecausewhenyouaretired,you’llfindithardtoconcentrateonyourstudy.別讓自己太過疲勞,因為你疲勞時,你會發現你難以集中注意力去學習。3.associatevt.聯想,聯系[教材原句]Memoriesarestoredthroughassociatingnewmemorieswitholdones.(P5)記憶是通過將新記憶與舊記憶相關聯被存儲起來的。語境巧練[單句語法填空]①Bambooplantsareassociatedhealth,abundanceandahappyhome.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷,語法填空)

②HisEnglishimprovedenormouslybecauseofhis(associate)withBritishpeople.

[完成句子]③我們與本地一些公司聯合為無家可歸的人籌款。Weareworkinganumberoflocalcompaniestoraisemoneyforthehomeless.

考點必記①associate...with....把……和……聯系/聯想起來associatewithsb與某人交往或打交道associateoneselfwithsth聲稱或表示贊成某事②associationn.協會,聯盟,交往,關聯,聯系,聯想inassociationwith與……相聯系,與……聯合[寫作佳句]Wenotonlyassociatetheheartwithlivelihood,butitisalsooneofmainsymbolsoflove.我們不僅將心與生活聯系起來,而且它也是愛的主要象征之一。4.predictvt.預言,預測,預報[教材原句]Supportedbyhisacademicresearch,ProfessorSaloveysuggeststhatwhenpredictingsomeone’sfuturesuccess,theircharacter,asmeasuredbyEQtests,mightactuallymattermorethantheirIQ.(P8)薩洛維教授以自己的學術研究作為依據,認為預測一個人未來的成功,其性格(可用EQ來測量),實際上比其智力(可用IQ測量)的作用更為重要。語境巧練[用所給詞的適當形式填空]①Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificant(predict)ofcognition(認知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷,閱讀理解B篇)

②It’shard(predict)whendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.(2018·北京卷,閱讀理解D篇)

[完成句子]③難以預測這一新規可能會帶來的負面影響。thepossiblesideeffectsthenewregulationwillhave.

考點必記①predictsth預測某事predictthat/what/when...預測……②predictableadj.可預見的;意料之中的predictionn.預測,預報;預言predictiveadj.預言性的,成為前兆的predictorn.預言家[語境串記]Somepredictorsspendmanyoftheirtimepredictingwhatwillhappeninthefuture,thinkingallispredictiveandthattheirpredictionsaresuretobecomereality.一些預言家花費很多時間來預測將來會發生什么,他們認為一切都是可預測的,并且他們的預測肯定會成為現實。5.deservevt.應得,值得[教材原句]Forexample,haveyoueverwonderedwhysomeofthesmarteststudentsinyourclass,whoyouthinkdeservegoodgrades,sometimesendupfailingexams?(P8)例如,你想過為什么班里有些你認為應該得到好分數的最聰明的學生有時結果會考不及格嗎?語境巧練[單句語法填空]①It’struethatshemadeaseriousmistake,butshehardlydeserved(lose)herjob.

②Alltheseheroesdeserve(respect)becausetheyhavealldonesomethinggreattousall.

③Congratulationsagainonyourpromotion.Youdeserve.

[完成句子]④我的父親,一位普通的老師,一直致力于幫助培養他所教的每個學生,值得受到崇敬。(2020·全國Ⅰ卷,書面表達)Myfather,anordinaryteacher,whoalwaysdevotestohelpingdevelopeachstudentheteaches,.

考點必記①deservesth應得到……deserveit理應得到deservedoing/tobedone值得做deservetodo應該做……;理應做……deserveattention/consideration值得注意/考慮②deservingadj.值得的;應得的[名師點津]①deserve不用于進行時態。②deservedoing/tobedone意義和beworthdoing相近,而deservetodo意義則與shoulddo/besupposedtodo相近。6.desiren.渴望,欲望v.渴望,想要[教材原句]Tourguidesneedtobeindependent,outgoingandhaveadesiretoshareinformation.(P10)導游需要獨立、外向,并渴望分享信息。語境巧練[單句語法填空]①Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesire(change)thetradition.(2019·全國Ⅲ卷,閱讀理解C篇)

②Withthesummerholidayapproaching,themotherdesiresthatherson(return).

③Aninterviewee’sanswerthatshowsdesiretoimprovebehaviorandcontinuouslylearnandgrowisimportant.

[小話題寫作]④我哥哥,一名光榮的士兵如此感動我,我渴望將來有一天能參軍。(2020·全國Ⅰ卷,書面表達)SomovedamIbymybrother,aglorioussoldierthatIthearmyoneday.

考點必記①desireforsth渴望得到某物haveadesiretodo/forsth有做某事/要某物的欲望/愿望desiretodosth想做某事desiresbtodosth想讓某人做某事ifdesired如果想要的話desirethatsb(should)+v.要求某人做……②desirableadj.可取的,值得擁有的,值得做的desirousadj.渴望的,希望的[寫作佳句]Morethan2,000yearsago,ourancestors,drivenbyadesireforfriendship,openedtheSilkRoads,startingagreateraofexchangesamongcivilizations.兩千多年前,在渴望得到友誼的驅使下,我們的祖先開辟了絲綢之路,開創了文明之間交流的偉大時代。7.sheltern.居所,住處;遮蔽;避難處vi.掩蔽;躲避[教材原句]Theymightbeshelteringinacave.(P12)他們也許躲在一個洞穴里。語境巧練[單句語法填空]①Itwassohotthatthetravellersstoppedandstoodunderthebigtree,shelteringtheheat.

②Shetoldmethatsomeofthechildrenlivedwithanolderladyinshelterwhileotherssleptonthestreets.

[完成句子]③童年時,我常坐在屋前的大樹下遮陽。Duringmychildhood,Iusedtositunderthebigtreebeforemyhouse,thesun.

考點必記①sheltersb/sthfrom...給某人/某物提供庇護處;保護某人/某物takeshelterfromtherain/wind/badweather躲避雨/風/惡劣的天氣shelter...from...保護……不受……的破壞abusshelter公共汽車站的候車亭②shelteredadj.有遮蔽物的[寫作佳句]It’sourparentswhoalwaysshelterusfromtherainandwind.正是我們的父母一直保護著我們躲避風雨。8.reliefn.寬慰,輕松,解脫;減輕,消除;緩和;救濟品[教材原句]It’llbearealreliefwhenthey’refound.(P12)找到他們將真正是令人寬慰的事。語境巧練[單句語法填空]①ItwasreliefandIcametoasuddenstopjustinthemiddleintheroad.

②Abrightredcloudenvelopedtheanimal,andMac’srelief,itfellback,shakingitshead.

③(relief),Isatbackinaneasychairandfellasleep.

考點必記①(much)toone’srelief令某人感到(非常)寬慰/慶幸的是asenseofrelief一種解脫感giveapatientrelieffrompain使病人減輕痛苦②relievev.減輕,解除,救濟relievesbfromanxiety消除某人的憂慮relievesbof...解除某人的……(如負擔、責任等)[寫作佳句]Myfather’sownstoryrelievedmefromanxiety.我父親自己的經歷消除了我的憂慮。9.confirmv.證實[教材原句]AfterconfirmingthatIwas,JennysaidthatshehadnoticedI’dleftmybookinthelibraryandasmynamewasinit,she’daskedalibrariantogetmyphonenumberfromtheirfiles.(P14)在確定是我以后,詹妮說她發現我把書留在了圖書館,因為書上有我的名字,她讓圖書管理員從檔案中找到了我的電話號碼。語境巧練[單句語法填空]①Thesurveycollectslargequantitiesof(confirm)data,provingtheinfluencethebehaviorhasonateenager’sgrowth.

②Manypeoplehaveclaimedtohaveseenthealienwhichisnot(confirm).

[完成句子]③確定你對中國文化感興趣,我建議你申請中國最好的大學之一,北京大學。(2018·北京卷,書面表達)youareinterestedinChineseculture,IsuggestyouapplyforPekingUniversity,oneofthebestuniversitiesinChina.

考點必記①confirmthat...確認……It’s/Ithasbeenconfirmedthat...已經確定……confirmsbinone’sbeliefthat...某人更加堅定……②confirmationn.證實,確認書confirmableadj.可證實的confirmedadj.習慣的,根深蒂固的,得到確認的[寫作佳句]Theexpressiononhisfaceconfirmedmeinmybeliefthathemusthavehadanexcellentperformanceinthefinal.他臉上的表情讓我更加堅信他在決賽中表現一定十分出色。10.accountn.(銀行)賬戶;說明,描述,理由v.解釋,導致,把……視為[教材原句]Asanexperiencedaccountant,myfatherhasgainedtherespectofhiscolleagues.(P15)作為一位經驗豐富的會計師,我父親已經得到同事的尊重。語境巧練[單句語法填空]①Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedtheparticipants’overallhealthstatus.(2020·浙江卷,閱讀理解C篇)

②Nottakingthepossibleproblemsaccount,theirplanfailedatlast.

[小話題寫作]③新技術的應用和電影明星的廣泛吸引力也可以解釋這種增加的原因。Theapplicationofnewtechnologiesandthewideappealofmoviestarscouldalsotheincrease.

考點必記①openanaccount開戶頭onaccountof因為……理由onnoaccount絕不oaccount=take...intoconsideration考慮……takenoaccountof不考慮accountfor占;說明……的原因;導致②accountantn.會計,會計師[名師點津]①onnoaccount表示“絕不”,放在句首句子使用部分倒裝結構。②accountfor表示“導致”時類似于makefor,contributeto,leadto,resultin等。11.devotevt.投身于;獻身于,專心致志于(與介詞to連用)[教材原句]Shedevotesalotofhertimetocaringtheneighbours.(P17)她把大量的時間都用在照顧鄰居上。語境巧練[用所給詞的適當形式填空]①TheCloistersmuseumandgardensisabranchofTheMetropolitanMuseumofArt(devote)totheartandarchitectureofEuropeintheMiddleAges.(2018·江蘇卷,閱讀理解A篇)

②PresidentXicallsfortotal(devote)tocreatingamodernpowerfulChinabythismid-century.

③Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimeto(help)othersrebuild.

考點必記①devote...to(doing)sth把……奉獻給……,把……用于……devoteoneselfto(doing)sth致力于(做)某事;獻身于(做)某事bedevotedto(doing)sth獻身于(做)某事,專心于(做)某事②devotionn.關愛;奉獻;專心devotedadj.忠誠的,全心全意的[寫作佳句]ChinaisusingherOneBeltandOneRoadInitiativestobedevotedtobenefitingthewholemankind.中國正在用其“一帶一路”倡議致力于造福全人類。12.wonderv.想知道;感到驚訝n.驚訝,驚嘆;奇跡;奇才[高考佳句]Iwonderifparentsshouldalwaystellthetruthnomattertheconsequences.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷,完形填空)語境巧練[用所給詞的適當形式填空]①Fieldsofflowers,tile-roofed(瓦屋頂)villagesandtastymealsenrichthis(wonder)experience.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷,閱讀理解A篇)

②(wonder)howmymumcouldconsumethemsoquickly,Ibeganobservingherdailyroutinefortwoweeks.

[完成句子]③最近,我和我的同學一起做了一個短劇,我想知道你是否可以抽出一些時間給我們提一些建議。(2020·全國Ⅲ卷,書面表達)RecentlyItogetherwithmyclassmatesmadeashortplayandyoucouldsparesometimetogiveusseveralpiecesofadviceaboutit.

考點必記①wonderif/whether...想知道是否……wonderatsth對某事感到吃驚(It’s)nowonder...難怪……,……不足為奇It’sawonderthat...令人驚奇的是……wonderabout想弄明白某事,想知道某事②wonderfuladj.精彩的wonderfullyadv.精彩地[寫作佳句]Billisanoptimisticperson.It’snowonderwheneverweseehim,healwayswearsasmileonhisface.比爾是個樂觀的人,難怪無論什么時候我們見到他,他都面帶微笑。13.can’thelpdoingsth禁不住做某事[教材原句]Icouldn’thelplaughingatthisandIinvitedherbacktomyapartmentforaquickcupoftea.(P14)聽了這話我忍不住笑了,然后我邀請她回我家喝杯茶。語境巧練[用所給詞的適當形式填空]①Travellingonthehigh-speedtrain,wecouldn’thelp(admire)therapiddevelopmentofourmotherland.

②Dadisalwaysverybusy,andhecan’thelp(do)thehousework,evenatweekends.

③Lookingback,hecouldn’thelpbut(wonder)whetherhecouldhavebeenadmittedtoatopuniversityifhe’dstudieddiligently.

[完成句子]④我們被告知葡萄沒有經過農藥處理,因此我們在采摘時不禁吃了葡萄。(2020·全國Ⅱ卷,書面表達)Wethegrapeswhilepickingthem,asweweretoldthegrapeshadn’tbeentreatedwithpesticides.

考點必記(can’t)help(to)dosth(不能)幫忙做某事cannothelpbutdosth禁不住做某事cannotchoosebutdosth不得不做某事can’thelp(it)沒有辦法,控制不了havenochoicebuttodosth除了做某事以外別無選擇helpsbwithsth幫助某人某事helpsb(to)dosth幫助某人做某事[名師點津]can’thelpdoing和can’thelpbutdo均表示“情不自禁做……”,注意后面動詞的形式不同。14.it’s...that...強調結構[教材原句]Atwork,itisIQthatgetsyouhiredbutitisEQthatgetsyoupromoted.(P8)在職場上,一個人的智商決定了你能否被錄用,而情商則決定了你能否得到提拔。語境巧練[單句語法填空]①Butremember,it’syouhavetogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷,閱讀理解B篇)

②It’sthisstrangeformmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷,閱讀理解C篇)

③ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartmentIfirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.

[完成句子]④另外,正是由于你的幫助,我的英語口語得到了改善,現在我成為一名英語志愿者,為有需要的外國人提供幫助。(2019·浙江卷,書面表達)Additionally,myspokenEnglishhasimprovedandnowIhavebecomeanEnglishvolunteertohelptheforeignersinneed.

考點必記①英語中對除了謂語以外的成分進行強調時,可以使用it’s...that...結構。②被強調部分是人時,可以用it’s...that/who...結構。[寫作佳句]It’showwefightforourdreamnotwhatwillachievethatmatters.是我們如何為夢想而奮斗,而不是我們獲得什么成就更為重要。15.Itisgenerallybelievedthat...句型[教材原句]ItisgenerallybelievedthatpeoplewithhighEQsareopentonewideasandhavepositiveattitudestowardslife.(P9)人們普遍認為高情商的人容易接受新思想,并對生活持積極態度。語境巧練[完成句子]①人們普遍相信熬夜對我們健康有害。stayingupdoesharmtoourhealth.

②人們普遍相信教育能對一個人的人生產生影響。educationcanmakeadifferencetoaperson’slife.

③人們普遍認為EQ比IQ更重要。EQismoreimportantthanIQ.

考點必記①句中Itisgenerallybelievedthat...是一個常用句型,表示“人們通常相信……;人們普遍認為……”。句中的that引導的從句是句子真正的主語,it為形式主語。它相當于Peoplegenerallybelievethat...。②類似地,guess,think,suppose,accept等動詞也可用于此結構。[寫作佳句]It’sgenerallybelievedthatChinese5Gtechnologyisthemostadvanced.人們普遍相信中國5G技術是最先進的。16.Aisas...,ifnot...thanB.句型[教材原句]TheresultsofstudiessuchastheseshowthatEQisasimportant,ifnotmoreimportantthanIQ.(P9)這類研究結果表明,即使情商不比智商更重要,也至少與智商同樣重要。語境巧練[完成句子]①努力如果不是比智力更為重要,也是和它一樣重要。Hardworkisasimportant,intelligence.

②我想證明,不上大學我就能自學一門受人尊重的職業,并且,不比我的競爭對手好的話,也至少和他們一樣好。IwanttoprovethatIcanteachmyselfarespectfulprofession,withoutgoingtocollege,andbejustasgoodas,,mycompetitors.

③從這次活動中,我意識到參加實踐活動如果不是比從書本上學習更有用,也是和其一樣有用。(2020·全國Ⅱ卷,書面表達)Fromthisactivity,I’mawarethattakingpartinpracticalactivitiesis,ifnotmoreuseful,thanlearningfrombooks.

考點必記“Aisas...,ifnot...thanB.”表示“即使A不比B更……,也至少與它同樣……”。其中,ifnot...than實際上是一個省略的條件狀語從句。[名師點津]該句型和“Aisas...as,ifnot...than,B.”意義相同,注意標點符號的使用不同。17.it做形式賓語,后跟賓語從句[教材原句]Ireallydislikeitwhenheeatsgarlicforlunch.(P11)我真的不喜歡他午飯吃大蒜。語境巧練[完成句子]①別指望有人總是會幫助你,你應該學會獨立。Don’tsomebodycanalwayshelpyou.Youshouldlearntobeindependent.

②我討厭她在我工作時給我打電話——我總是太忙,不能和她進行會話。Ishecallsmeatwork—I’malwaystoobusytocarryonaconversationwithher.

考點必記①句中it為形式賓語,后面when引導的是一個賓語從句。②在表示喜好的動詞like,dislike,hate,enjoy及appreciate,relyon,dependon等動詞(短語)后跟賓語從句時,結構和dislike相同,常先用it做形式賓語,再將賓語從句放在后面。[寫作佳句]IhateitthatIaminterruptedwhenIamreadingcarefully.我討厭在仔細讀書時被人打擾。18.ifanything句型[教材原句]Ifanything,itmademeevenangrier.(P14)如果說有什么不同的話,只會平添我幾分怒氣。語境巧練[完成句子]如果有什么不同的話,真正的偉大幾乎和權力與地位毫無關系。Thegreatnesshaslittle,,todowithrankorpower.

考點必記句中的ifanything是一個省略句,表示“如果有什么不同的話”。[寫作佳句]Ifanything,hecannowfacedifficultymorebravely.要說有什么不同的話,他現在能更加勇敢地面對困難。隨堂鞏固遷移運用Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physically(break)andhavinglosthismind.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷,閱讀理解C篇)

2.Nowthatyou’velistedyour(strength),listyourimperfections.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷,七選五)

3.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthat(deserve)averbalreward.(2019·浙江卷,概要寫作)

4.Readingsatisfiesmydesire(keep)learning.AndI’vefoundthatthepossibilitiesthatliewithinbooksarelimitless.(2019·天津卷,閱讀理解B篇)

5.I’msecretly(relief)becauseIknowthere’srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.(2019·全國Ⅱ卷,閱讀理解B篇)

6.Shewonderedcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷,閱讀理解D篇)

7.Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebody(gain)anadvantage.(2019·全國Ⅰ卷,閱讀理解D篇)

8.Historical(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷,語法填空)

9.Forgiveyourselfformistakesthatyouhavemade.Weareoftenashamedofourshortcomings,ourmistakesandour(fail).(2020·全國Ⅰ卷,七選五)

10.Justasimportantly,wetend(associate)freshairwithhealthcare.(2019·全國Ⅰ卷,七選五)

Ⅱ.選詞填空appropriately,emergency,sharp,judging,facialDavid’smotherwascookingwhenherhandwascutbythe1.knife.Itwasbleeding,andsheletoutascream.Inthe2.,David,aged5,whowasconcentratingonhisreadingheardherscream.Hecametoheraid.3.fromher4.expression,itmustbeaterriblecut.Heimmediatelydialedanambulance.Meantime,hetriedtodosomebasicfirstaid5..Whentheambulancearrived,thedoctorspokehighlyofDavid.

Ⅲ.根據漢語提示補全短文內容1.(在我所有的老師中,毫無疑問我的化學老師李老師是我最喜歡的老師).Iamreallygratefultohimforteachingmesomuch.MrLeeisveryordinaryintermsofappearance.Althoughonlyinhisearlyforties,hehassomewrinklesonhisforehead.Peopleareoftenmistakeninthinkingth