TheVeins靜脈GeneralfeatureThinwalls,largerlumens,venousvalves,venousplexus,venousreteTwosetsSuperficialveinDeepveinSpecialstructures:sinusesofduramater硬腦膜竇diploicveins板障靜脈肺循環(huán)靜脈左肺上、下靜脈右肺上、下靜脈體循環(huán)靜脈上腔靜脈系下腔靜脈系心靜脈系一、上腔靜脈系

Superiorvenacavaand

itstributaries

上腔靜脈頭臂靜脈頭臂靜脈頸內靜脈鎖骨下靜脈頸內靜脈鎖骨下靜脈靜脈角：同側頸內靜脈和鎖骨下靜脈在胸鎖關節(jié)后方匯合而成。匯合處夾角稱為靜脈角，有淋巴導管注入。奇靜脈（頭頸部）（上肢）（頭頸部）（上肢）（胸部）venousangle面靜脈下頜后靜脈

頸內靜脈頸外靜脈1.頸內靜脈

internaljugularvein（1）面靜脈facialv.

在下頜角下方與下頜后靜脈前支匯合，在舌骨大角處注入頸內靜脈

危險三角：兩側口角至鼻根間的三角

（一）VeinsofheadandneckChiefextracranialtributariesBeginatjugularforamen,descendingtojointhesubclavianveintoformbrachiocephalicveinLieslateralfirsttointernalandthentocommoncarotida.withincarotidsheaththroughtheophthalmicvein眼靜脈throughthedeepfacialvein面深靜脈viapteygoidplexus翼靜脈叢FacialVeinConnectionwithcavernoussinus

面靜脈與海綿竇的交通Pteygoidplexus

翼靜脈叢Locatedbetweenandaroundmusclesofmastication途徑一：面靜脈→內眥靜脈→眼上、下靜脈→海綿竇途徑二：面靜脈→面深靜脈→翼靜脈叢→眼下靜脈→海綿竇導靜脈“Dangerarea”危險三角－liesbetweenrootofnoseandtwoanglesofmouth;inthisareathefacialveinhasnovalves（2）下頜后靜脈

retromandibularv.由顳淺靜脈與上頜靜脈匯合而成Chiefextracranialtributaries面靜脈下頜后靜脈

頸內靜脈頸外靜脈前支→面總靜脈后支耳后靜脈枕靜脈腮腺下緣→頸外靜脈1.頸內靜脈

internaljugularveinItisancontinuationofaxillaryveinatthelateralborderoffirstribJoinsinternaljugularveintoformthebrachiocephalicvein.Angleofunionistermedvenousangle靜脈角2.鎖骨下靜脈SubclavianveinChieftributaries頸外靜脈ExternaljugularveinFormedbehindangleofmandiblebyunionofposteriorauricular,posteriorbranchofretromandibularandoccipitalveinCrossingsternocleidomastoidtoentersubclavianvein（二）Veinsof

upperlimbDeepvein:havethesamenamesastheircompanionarteriesSuperficialveins:cephalicv.頭靜脈basilicav.貴要靜脈mediancubitalv.肘正中靜脈Basilicvein

貴要靜脈ArisesfromthemedialsideofthedorsalvenousreteofhandAscendsontheulnarsideofforearmtotheelbowandtheninthemedialbicepitalbrachiifurrowtomiddleofthearmwhereitpiercesthedeepfasciaandjoinsthebrachialveinoraxillaryvein貴要靜脈：手背靜脈網(wǎng)尺側、至前臂轉至掌側面尺側上行、沿肱二頭肌內側溝至臂中點、穿深筋膜、注入肱靜脈或腋靜脈。

貴要靜脈SuperficialveinsCephalicvein頭靜脈

ArisesfromthelateralsideofthedorsalvenousreteofhandAscendsonradialsideoftheforearmtotheelbowandtheninthelateralsideofbicepsbrachiifurrow,continuesupthearminthedeltopectoralgrooveandthentotheinfraclavicularfossa,whereitpiercesclavipectoralfasciatodrainintoaxillaryvein頭靜脈：手背靜脈網(wǎng)橈側、轉至前臂掌側面、沿前臂橈側、肱二頭肌外側溝上行，至三角胸大肌間溝穿深筋膜、注入腋靜脈或鎖骨下靜脈。頭靜脈Mediancubitalvein肘正中靜脈

linkscephalicveinandbasilicveininthecubitalfossa.Itisafrequentsiteforvenipuncturetoremoveasampleofbloodoraddfluidtotheblood肘正中靜脈：肘窩處連接頭靜脈和貴要靜脈肘正中靜脈SuperficialveinsVariationsinthevenouspatternoftheupperlimbSuperficialveinsarevariableandareofsignificanceclinicallyAzygosvein奇靜脈BeginsascontinuationofrightascendinglumbarveinAscendingalongtherightsideofvertebralcolumnJoinssuperiorvenacavabyachingaboverightlungrootatlevelofT4toT5Receivesrightposteriorintercostalsandsubcostalveinsplussomeofbronchial,esophagealandpericardialveins,andhemiazygosveinTributaries－h(huán)emiazygosv.半奇靜脈

－accessoryhemiazygosv.副半奇靜脈whichreceivemostleftposteriorintercostalsveinandleftbronchialveins（三）Veinsofthorax

InferiorvenacavaanditstributariesHepaticportalv.二、下腔靜脈系

Inferiorvenacavasystem（一）Veinsof

lowerlimb

Deepvein:havethesamenamesastheircompanionarteriesSuperficialveins:greatsaphenousv.

大隱靜脈

smallsaphenousv.

小隱靜脈Smallsaphenousv.小隱靜脈ArisesfromthelateralpartofthedorsalvenousarchoffootAscendsbehindlateralmalleolusandthenrunsupthemidlineofthebackoflegPiercesthedeepfasciaandentersthepoplitealv.Drainsthelateralsideofthefootandankleandthebackoftheleg.小隱靜脈：起自足背靜脈弓外側→外踝后方→小腿后面中線上行側→穿腘筋膜→注入腘靜脈Greatsaphenousv.大隱靜脈BeginsthemedialendofdorsalvenousarchoffootPassesanteriortothemedialmalleolusandascendsonthemedialsideoftheleg,thenpassesbehindthekneeandcurvesforwardaroundthemedialsideofthethighInclinesanteriorlythroughthethightoenterthefemoralveinthroughthesaphenousopeningwhichliesabout3~4cmbelowandlateraltothepubictubercle大隱靜脈：起自足背靜脈弓內側→內踝前方→小腿內側→膝關節(jié)內后方→大腿內側→恥骨結節(jié)下方3—4cm→穿深筋膜→經隱靜脈裂孔→注入股靜脈Tributaries:

Superficialmedialfemoralv.股內側淺靜脈Superficiallateralfemoralv.股外側淺靜脈Externalpudendalv.陰部外靜脈Superficialepigastricv.腹壁淺靜脈Superficialiliaccircumflexv.旋髂淺靜脈股內側淺靜脈陰部外靜脈

腹壁淺靜脈旋髂淺靜脈

股外側淺靜脈Superficialepigastricv.Externalpudendalv.Superficialcircumflexiliacv.

Greatsaphenousv.Superficiallateralfemoralv.Superficialmedialfemoralv.大隱靜脈曲張varicoseveinInternaliliacvein髂內靜脈Parietaltributaries:panywitharteriesVisceraltributariesExternaliliacvein髂外靜脈–panythearteryCommoniliacvein髂總靜脈–formedbyunionofinternalandexternaliliacveinsinfrontofsacroiliacjoint,enduponL4~L5byunitingeachothertoforminferiorvenacava（二）Veinsofpelvis1.Internaliliacvein髂內靜脈Parietaltributaries:panywitharteriesVisceraltributaries①Rectalvenousplexus

直腸靜脈叢②Vesicalvenousplexus

膀胱靜脈叢→vesicalv.③Uterinevenousplexus

子宮靜脈叢→uterinev.直腸上v.→腸系膜下v.直腸下v.→髂內v.肛v.→陰部內v.

2.Externaliliacvein

髂外靜脈

–panytheartery3.Commoniliacvein

髂總靜脈

–formedbyunionofinternalandexternaliliacveinsinfrontofsacroiliacjoint,enduponL4~L5byunitingeachothertoforminferiorvenacava（三）Veinsofabdomen

InferiorvenacavaanditstributariesHepaticportalv.Inferiorvenacava

下腔靜脈FormedbyunionoftwocommoniliacveinsanteriortoandjusttotherightofL5Ascendsontherightsideofaorta,piercesvenacavaforamenofdiaphragmoppositetheT8anddrainsintotherightatriumConveysbloodfromthewholebodybelowthediaphragmtotherightatriumParietalPairedinferiorphrenicv.膈下靜脈pairedlumbarv.腰靜脈

(four)VisceralRightandleftrenalveins右、左腎靜脈Rightsuprarenalvein右腎上腺靜脈(leftdrainintoleftrenalv.) Righttesticularorovarianv.右睪丸（卵巢）靜脈

(leftdrainintoleftrenalv.) Hepaticveins肝靜脈:right,leftandintermediateⅠ下腔靜脈本干的屬支ⅠChieftributariesofInferiorvenacava肝靜脈Hepaticportalvein肝門靜脈

GeneralfeaturesFormedbehindtheneckofpancreas胰頸

bytheunionofsuperiormesentericv.腸系膜上靜脈andsplenicv.脾靜脈Ascendsupwardsandtotheright,entersthehepatoduodenalligament(肝十二指腸韌帶),

dividesattheportahepatisintorightandleftbranchesTheportalveinsystemisbetweentwocapillarynetworksTherearenofunctionalvalvesinhepaticportalsystem

Drainsbloodfromgastrointestinaltractfromthelowerendofoesophagustotheupperendofanalcanal,pancreas,gallbladder,bileductsandspleenTributariesofhepaticportalvein

1.Superiormesentericv.

腸系膜上靜脈2.Inferiormesentericv.

腸系膜下靜脈3.Splenicv.

脾靜脈4.Leftgastricv.

胃左靜脈5.Rightgastricv.

胃右靜脈6.Cysticv.

膽囊靜脈7.Paraumbilicalv.

附臍靜脈Portal-systemicanastomoses與上、下腔靜脈系的吻合1.Atthelowerendoftheoesophagus

Hepaticportalvein

→

leftgastricvein

→

esophagealvenousplexus→esophagealvein→azygosvein→superiorvenacava肝門靜脈→胃左靜脈→

食管靜脈叢→食管靜脈→奇靜脈→上腔靜脈

2.Atrectalvenousplexus

Hepaticportalvein→splenicvein→inferiormesentericvein→superiorrectalvein→

rectalvenousplexus→inferiorrectalandanalveins→internaliliacvein→inferiorvenacava肝門靜脈→脾靜脈→腸系膜下靜脈→直腸上靜脈→

直腸靜脈叢→直腸下靜脈(肛靜脈→

陰部內靜脈）→髂內靜脈→髂總靜脈→下腔靜脈3.Atperiumbilicalvenousplexus

Hepaticportalvein→paraumbilicalvein→periumbilicalvenousplexus→thoracoepigastricandsuper