考研外語沖刺試卷3

一、UseofEnglish

1、Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclasses

ofwordswhich,takentogether,comprisesthewholevocabulary.

First,therearethosewords[1]whichwebecomeacquaintedin

dailyconversation,whichwe[2],thatistosay,fromthe

[3]ofourownfamilyandfromourfamiliarassociates,and

[4]weshouldknowanduse[5]wecouldnotreadorwrite.They

[6]thecommonthingsoflife,andarethestockintradeof

allwho[7]thelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalled“popular”,

sincetheybelongtothepeople[8]andarenottheexclusive

[9]ofa1imitedclass.

Ontheotherhand,ourlanguage[10]amultitudeofwordswhich

arecomparatively[11]usedinordinaryconversation.Their

meaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedperson,butthereislittle

[12]tousethemathomeorinthemarket-place.Our[13]

acquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother，s[14]orfrom

thetalkofourschool-mates,[15]frombooksthatweread,

lecturesthatwe[16],orthemoreL17]conversationofhighly

educatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular[18]in

astyle,appropriatelyelevatedabovethehabitual[19]of

everydaylife.Suchwordsarecalled"learned”,andthe[20]

betweenthemandthe"popular“wordsisofgreatimportanceto

arightunderstandingoflinguisticprocess.

(1)

A.at

B.with

C.by

D.through

2、(2)

A.study

B.imitate

C.stimulate

D.learn

3、⑶

A.mates

B.relatives

C.members

D.fellows

4、(4)

A.which

B.that

C.those

D.ones

5、⑸

A.even

B.despite

C.evenif

D.inspiteof

6、(6)

A.mind

B.concern

C.care

D.relate

7、(7)

A.hire

B.apply

C.adopt

D.use

8、(8)

A.inpublic

B.atmost

C.atlarge

D.atbest

3

9、(9)

A.right

B.privilege

C.share

D.possession

10、(10)

A.consists

B.comprises

C.constitutes

D.composes

11、(11)

A.seldom

B.much

C.never

D.often

12、(12)

A.prospect

B.way

C.reason

D.necessity

13、(13)

A.primary

工4

B.first

C.principal

D.prior

14、(14)

A.tips

B.mouth

C.lips

D.tongue

15、(15)

A.besides

B.and

C.or

D.but

16、(16)

A.hearof

B.attend

C.hearfrom

D.listen

17、(17)

A.former

B.formula

C.formal

5

D.formative

18、(18)

A.theme

B.topic

C.idea

D.point

19、(19)

A.border

B.link

C.degree

D.extent

20、(20)

A.diversion

B.distinction

C.diversity

D.similarity

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Peopledon，twanttobuyinformationonline.Why?Becausethey

don'thaveto.Nomorethanthatbecausethey'reusedtonot

payingforit.That'stheconventionalwisdom.Slate,

Microsoft(sonlinepolitics-and-culturemagazine,isan

oft-citedexampleofthefailedattemptstochargeafeefor

accesstocontent.Sofar,formostpublishers,ithasn'tworked.

ButnothingontheWebisadonedeal.InSeptember

graphics-soft-warepowerhouseAdobeannouncednew

applicationsthatintegratecommerceintodownloadingbooks

andarticlesonline,withSimonSchuster,BarnesandNoble,

andSalon,cornamongitshigh-profilepartners.Someanalysts

putthemarketfordigitizedpublishingatmorethan$100

billion.Ofcourse,iftheInternetcangeneratethatkindof

money一somemightsayalmostanykindofmoney一peoplewantin.

Andthiscouldn'tcomeatabettertime.Newspaperandmagazine

writersinparticularareincreasinglyfrustratedbytheir

publishers,whichposttheirwritingsonlinebutfrequently

don'tpaythemextra.

Sohere'sthegoodnews:Fathrain.com,thethirdbiggest

book-sellerontheNet一afterAmazon,comandBarnesandnoble.

corn一isnowdoingjustwhatthepublishingindustrythatmade

itasuccessfears.,it'sofferingasecurewaytopayfor

downloadablemanuscriptsonline.Fatbraincallsitoffshoot

eMatter.Withit,thecompany，sexecutiveshavetheradical

notionofoustingpublishersfromthebook-sellingbusiness

altogetherbygivingwriters50%ofeachandeverysale(Toreel

inauthors,eMatterisrunninga100%royaltypromotionuntil

theendoftheyear.)Suggestedpricestoconsumersrangefrom

aminimum$2to$20,dependingonthesizeofthebookto

download.

“Thiswillchangepublishingforever!”ChrisMaeAskill,

co-founderandchiefexecutiveofFatbrain,declareswiththe

bravadoofaninteriordecorator."WitheBay,anybodycouldsell

antiques.Nowanybodycanbepublished.”

There'sbeennoshortageofauthorswantingin.Withinafew

weeks,accordingtothecompany,some2,000writerssignedon

topublishtheirworks.Someofthisistechnical

stuff一Fatbraingotwhereitisbyspecializingintechnical

books—buttherearesomewell-knownwriterslikeCatherine

Lanigan,authorofRomancingtheStone,whohasputher

out-of-printbooksandanewnovellaonthesite.Another

populardrawisRichardBach,whoagreedtoposta23short

storytothesite.

Noteveryonethinksdownloadabledocumentsarethebiggest

thinginpublishingsinceOprah'sBookClub."Ithinkitwill

appealtosellersmorethanbuyers,“saysMichaelMay,a

digitalcommerceanalystatJupiterCommunications,which

releasedareportthatcastdoubtonthemarket'spotential.

“Alotofpeoplearegoingtopublishgibberish.Thechallenge

istoensurethequalityofthework.”

BlaineMathieu,ananalystatGartnerGroup'sDataquest,says,

“Mostpeoplewhowantdigitalcontentwantitimmediately,I

don'tknowifthismodelwouldsatisfytheirimmediateneed.

EvenauthorsmaynotfindthatWebdistributionoftheirworks

isgoingtobringthemapotofgold.Foronething,itcould

underminesalesratherthanenhancethem.Foranother,anybody

coulde-mai1downloadedcopiesofmanuscriptsaroundtownor

aroundtheworldovertheNetwithoutthewriter'severseeing

aproverbialdime."Softlock.com,AuthenticaandFatbrainare

tryingtoheadthisproblemoffbydevelopingencryption

padlocksthatwouldallowonlyoneharddrivetoreceiveand

printthemanuscripts.Fornow,theproblempersists.

Accordingtothepassage,theauthorimpliesthatpeopledon't

havetobuyinformationonNetbecause.

A.it'salwaysfreetodownloadinformationfromwebsites

B.mostwritersofferfreecopiesonNet

C.publishingcompaniesofferfreecopiesonNet

D.anybodycane-maildownloadedcopies

2、

WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonforsomepeople(sbelief

thate-publisherswillnotsucceed?

A.Readersoftenwantimmediatedigitalcontent.

B.Authorsusuallydonotbelievethey'11earnmoneyonNet.

C.ThequalityofthebooksonNetishardtomanage.

D.Booksthatsei1wellusuallydonotturntoNet.

3、

Whatisimpliedinthepassageaboutthepublishers'practice

now?

A.Theyarewillinglyengagedinthee-publishingbusiness.

B.Theyusuallydonotpayextraroyaltyfortheire-versions.

C.Theycanpublishanyone'sworksonNet.

D.Theylackthesenseofresponsibilityfortheirauthors.

4、

Whichofthefollowingcanserveasanappropriatetitlefor

thepassage?

A.Who'sinE-commerce?

B.MindovereMatter

C.SharingBrainsonNet

D.E-publishingandTraditionalPublishers

5、

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.MostbookssoldbyFathrainaretechnicalones.

B.E-publishingwillprobablynotreplacethetraditional

publishing.

C.E-publishingcompanieshavethetechniquestoprevent

documentsbeingspreadfreelyon-line.

D.Manyauthorsarequiteinterestedinthenewform,of

publishing.

6、Credibilityaboutmessagesishigh,becausetheyare

reportedinindependentmedia.Anewspaperreviewofamovie

hasmorebelievabilitythananadinthesamepaper,because

thereaderassociatesindependencewithobjectivity.Similarly,

peoplearemorelikelytopayattentiontonewsreportsthan

ads.Readersspendtimereadingthestories,buttheyflip

throughtheads.Furthermore,theremaybe10commercials

duringahalf-hourtelevisionprogramorhundredsofadsina

magazine.

Featurestoriesaremuchfewerinnumberandstandout

clearly.Publicityalsohassomesignificantlimitations.A

firmhaslittlecontrolovermessages,theirtiming,their

placement,ortheircoveragebyagivenmedium.Itmayissue

detailednewsreleasesandfindonlyportionscitedbythemedia;

andmediahavetheabilitytobemuchmorecriticalthana

companywouldlike.Forexample,in1982,ProctrerGamble

facedasubstantialpublicityproblemoverthemeaningofits

123-year-oldcompanylogo.Afewministersandotherprivate

citizensbelievedthatthesymbolwassacrilegious.These

beliefswerecoveredextensivelybythemediaandresultedin

thefirmreceiving15,000phonecallsabouttherumorinJune

alone.Tocombatthisnegativepublicity,thefirmissuednews

releasesfeaturingprominentclergythatrefutedtherumors,

threatenedtosuethosepeoplespreadingthestories,andhad

aspokespersonappearonGoodMorningAmerica.Themedia

cooperatedwiththecompanyandthefalserumorwere

temporarilyputtorest.However,in1985,negativepublicity

becamesodisruptivethatProcterGambledecidedtoremovethe

logofromitsproducts.

Afirmmaywantpublicityduringcertainperiods,suchaswhen

anewproductisintroducedornewstoreopened,butthemedia

maynotcovertheintroductionoropeninguntilafterthetime

itwouldaidthefirm.Similarly,mediadeterminetheplacement

ofastory;itmayfollowareportoncrimeorsports.Finally,

themediaascertainwhethertocoverastoryatallandthe

amountofcoveragetobedevotedtoit.Acompany-sponsoredjobs

programmightgounreportedorreceivethree-sentencecoverage

inalocalnewspaper.

Theauthormentionsal1ofthefollowingadvantagesof

publicityEXCEPT.

A.havingattentiveness

B.havingnotimecosts

C.havinghighcredibility

D.havinghighprofitability

7、

Peoplearemorelikelytobelieveinnewsreportsthanads

because.

A.theyreachalargeraudiencethanadsdo

B.theyaremoreobjective

C.theyappearinindependentmedia

D.theyaremuchmoreinnumberandstandoutclearly

8、

TheexampleinParagraph3isintendedtodemonstrate.

A.thepowerofpublicity

B.thevictimofpublicity

C.theterribleeffectofrumors

D.thevulnerabilityofpeopletopublicity

Oneofthereasonswhyfeaturestoriesseemmorereliablethan

adsisthat.

A.theyaremorebelievable

B.theyaremoreobjective

C.readersliketospendtimereadingstories

D.theyaremuchfewerinnumberandstandoutclearly

10、

Thepassageimpliesthat.

A.theplacementofastoryisnotquiteimportant

B.thereportofacrimemaynotbetrue

C.localnewspapersarenotinterestedincompany-sponsored

programs

D.publicityisnotalwaysnecessary

11、HippiesweremembersofayouthmovementoftheI960(s

and1970'sthatstartedintheUnitedStatesandspreadto

Canada,GreatBritain,andmanyothercountries.Thehippies

rejectedthecustoms,traditions,andlifestylesofsociety

andtriedtodevelopthoseoftheirown.Mosthippiescamefrom

whitemiddle-classfamiliesandrangedinagefrom15to25

yearsold.Theythoughttoomanyadultscaredaboutmakingmoney

andlittleelse.Thetermhippiemaycomefromthewordhip,

whichmeans“turned-in“oraware.

Hippieswantedaworldbasedonloveofhumanityandpeace.Many

believedthatwonderful,magicalchangeswereabouttotake

place.Theythoughtthesechangeswouldhappenassoonaspeople

learnedtoexpresstheirfeelingshonestlyandtobehave

naturallyatalltimes.HippiesstronglyopposedU.S.

involvementintheVietnamWar.

Manyhippieslivedtogetherinsmal1groups,workingwithone

anotherandsharingpossessions.Othersrefusedtobetieddown

toafixedjoborhome.Theywanderedfromplacetoplaceseeking

part-timeworkandtemporaryshelter.Somebeggedforspare

changeandlivedinthestreetsorcampedinparksorother

publiclands.

Hippiesweresometimescalled“flowerchildren“becausethey

gavepeopleflowerstocommunicategentlenessandlove.They

lettheirhairgrowlongandwalkedbarefootorinsandals.

Hippiesattractedpublicattentionbywearingclothingthat

featuredunusualcombinationsofcolorsandtextures.Alarge

numberofhippiesusedmarijuana,LSD,andotherdrugs.Drug

experiencesshapedmanyoftheirsymbolsandideas.

TheBeatles,apopularEnglishrockgroup,helpedspreadthe

hippiemovementwiththeirsong.Hippiefavoritesincludedsuch

otherrockgroupsastheGratefulDeadandtheJefferson

不_____Q

15

Airplane,singersJoanBaezandBobDylan,poetAllenGinsberg,

andnovelistKenKesey.ManyhippiesadmiredTimothyLeary,a

psychologistwhopreachedsalvationthroughtheuseofdrugs.

Intime,mosthippiesrealizeditwasnoteasytoreform,

societyby"dropping'out"ofit.Somejoinedmoreorganized

politicalmovementstoworkforspecificsocialcauses.Others

turnedtospiritualityorreligion.Themajoritysimplyleft

thehippiestageoftheirlivesbehindwhiletryingtoholdon

toatleastafewoftheidealsthatonceinspiredthem.

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethathippiescalled

themselves"hippies"because.

A.theywantedtobedifferentandindependent

B.theywantedpeopletobeawareofthenecessityforradical

changes

C.theyconsideredtraditionalvaluesworthless

D.theybeggedpeopletonoticethechangesaroundthemselves

12、

Hippiesgaveflowerstopeoplebecausethey.

A.wantedaworldbasedonloveofhumanityandpeace

B.couldnotfindjobsandhadtosellflowersforaliving

C.wantedtotellpeoplethattheywerebadlyinneedoflove

D.wantedtoshowpeoplethattheymeantnoharmtothem

13、

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothe

passage?

A.Manyhippieshadtobegbecausenofirmswouldhirethem.

B.TimothyLeary,apreacher,wastheleaderofthehippie

movement.

C.Drugsproducedaveryimportantinfluenceonhippies,ideas.

D.ThehippiemovementwasfirstknowntotheBritishpeople

throughtheBeatlessongs.

14、

Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthatthehippiemovement

finallydeclinedbecause.

A.mostofthehippiesturnedtomoreactivewaystoreform,

thesociety

B.mostofthehippiesdeemedthesocialproblemsoftheirtime

incorrigible

C.mostofthehippiessimplydroppedoutofitastheygrew

older

D.mostofthehippiesgaveupsomeoftheiroriginalideas

15、

Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthehippiemovementisone

of.

A.criticism

B.sympathy

C.detestation

D.enthusiasm

16、Forhealthinsurance,theUnitedStateshastakentheroad

lesstraveled.TheUnitedStatesistheonlyrichcountry

withoutuniversalhealthinsurance.PeopleintheUnitedStates

spendthemost,relyheavilyontheprivatesector,andobtain

carefromtheworld,smostcomplicateddeliverysystem.While

somesupportershaveexpressedsatisfaction,ifnotpride,in

theseremarkablequalities,otherscontendthattheUnited

Statesfacesuniquelimitationsinreforminghealthcare.

Inherexceptionalbook,PartingattheCrossroads,Antonia

MaionicomparestheformationoftheU.S.andCanadian

health-caresystemsfortheyears1930-60.TheUnitedStates

andCanadaareoftenconsideredthemostsimilarofWestern

democracies.Theyshareacommonborder,arewealthy,andhave

federalgovernment.Theirtradeunionsareonlymoderately

powerful,andtheirpopulationsarediverseandyoung.

Nevertheless,theirhealth-insurancesystemsarenearly

opposite.TheUnitedStatesreliesonamixofgovernmentplans,

targetedtotheelderlyandindigent,andemployment-based

plans,whichthegovernmentindirectlysupports.Canadaoffers

publichealthinsurancetoallqualifiedresidents,withthe

privatesectorprovidingsupplementary'servicesinsome

provinces.

Labororganizationsbecamestrongadvocatesfor

health-insurancereform,inbothcountries.Theirimpact

partiallydependedonpoliticalinstitutionsandhowother

actors,particularlyorganizedmedicine,wieldedthem.

Canada'sgovernmentalandelectoralsystemsallowedlaborto

cooperatewithasocialdemocraticpartyintheSaskatchewan

Province,whichestablishedauniversalprogram.The

Saskatchewanprogramdemonstrateduniversalinsurance

feasibility,spurringthedominantLiberalstointroducea

nationaluniversalprogram.Incontrast,theU.S.electoral

systemeffectivelyprecludedthird-partyformation,forcing

organizedlabortodiluteitshealth-insurancegoalsbecause

itwasoneofmanyinterestsrepresentedbytheDemocraticParty.

Maionisuggestedthateconomicvitalityisimportantforthe

futureofbothcountries'systems,buttheprognosisis

uncertain.DespiterecentconcernsabouttheCanadian

government,sbudgetaryhealth,Maionicontendsthatwidespread

supportprotectsuniversalinsurance.Conversely,Maioniseems

pessimisticaboutoptionsforU.S.universalhealthinsurance.

Despiteeconomicbuoyancy,dissensionwilllikelyprevent

reforms.Althoughadevastatingeconomicdownturnwouldmake

healthfinancedifficultineithercountry,theU.S.system

seemsespeciallyvulnerable.Employment-basedinsuranceand

Medicarebothrelyonlabormarketattachment.High,chronic

unemploymentcouldresultincoveragelossandfinancial

difficultiesforemployerinsuranceandMedicare,swellingthe

uninsuredpool.Suchacrisiscouldprovideanopeningfor

universalhealthinsurance.Inanycase,whethertheUnited

Statesreliesonthepublicorprivatesector,escalating

healthexpendituresfigureintobudgetofgovernment,

corporations,andfamilies.TheU.S.healthcaresystem，s

futuremaydependonAmericans'willingnesstodevotemoreof

theirnationalincometohealthcare.

FromthefirstsentencewelearnthattheUnitedStates.

A.hasgoneastrayaboutwhatitdoeswithhealthinsurance

B.hascomplicateditshealthinsurancepolicyandconfused

itspeople

C.hasreformeditshealthcaretoitsaveragepeople's

satisfaction

D.carriesoutadifferencehealthinsurancepolicyform.

otherWesterncountries

17、

Canadianhealth-caresystemsaredifferentfromthoseofthe

U.S.inthat.

A.thefederalgovernmentisdirectlyresponsibleforthem

B.privatesectorsinCanadaplayamoreimportantrole

C.thegovernmentonlyindirectlysupportsthe

employment-basedplans

D.thetradeunionsinbothcountriesareonlymoderately

powerfulinsuchmatters

18、

ThevulnerabilityoftheU.S.insurancesystemsliesin.

A.itsfailuretoextenditscoveragetothepoorandelderly

B.itsexcessivedependenceonthelabormarket

C.Americans，willingnesstobuyinsurance

D.thewillingnessofthegovernmenttoinvestinthem

19、

TheSaskatchewanprograminCanadashowsthat.

A.thelaborunionofacountrycanplayapositiverolein

health-insurancereform

B.universalhealthinsuranceispracticableinafederal

government

C.athirdpartyisneededtocoordinatetheeffortsofthe

governmentandthelaborunion

D.theelectoralsystemhasadirectimpactontheinsurance

plan

20、

Thepassageismostlikelytobe.

A.asummaryofagovernment-sponsoredprograminhealth

policystudy

B.areviewofabookinhealth-caresystemstudy

C.asurveyoftheinfluenceofeconomicpolicieson

health-caresystem

D.acriticalcommentaryontheU.S.health-caresystem

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions(41-45),choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist

A-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextra

choices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.

In1959theaverageAmericanfamilypaid$989forayear's

supplyoffood.In1972thefamilypaid$1,311.Thatwasaprice

increaseofnearlyone-third.Everyfamilyhashadthissort

ofexperience.Everyoneagreesthatthecostoffeedingafamily

hasrisensharply.41..

Manyblamethefarmerswhoproducethevegetables,fruit,meat,

eggs,andcheesethatstoresofferforsale.Accordingtothe

U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,thefarmer;sshareofthe

$1,311spentbythefamilyin1972was$521.Thiswas31per

centmorethanthefarmerhadreceivedin1959.

Butfarmersclaimthatthisincreasewasverysmallcompared

totheincreaseintheircostofliving.42.Theseinclude

truckdrivers,meatpackers,manufacturersofpackagesand

otherfoodcontainers,andtheownersofstoreswherefoodis

sold.Theyareamongthe"middlemen“whostandbetweenthe

farmerandthepeoplewhobuyandeatthefood.Aremiddlemen

theonestoblameforrisingfoodprices?

Ofthe$1,311familyfoodbillin1972,middlementreceived

$790,whichwas33percentmorethantheyhadreceivedin

1959.Itappearsthatthemiddlemen'sprofithasincreasedmore

thanfarmer,s.43.AccordingtoeconomistsattheFirstNational

CityBank,theprofitformeatpackersandfoodstoresamounted

tolessthanonepercent.Duringthesameperiodallother

manufacturersweremakingaprofitofmorethanfivepercent.

Bycomparisonwithothermembersoftheeconomicsystemboth

farmersandmiddlemenhaveprofitedsurprisinglylittlefrom

theriseinfoodprices.

44.TheeconomistsatFirstNationalCityBankhavean

answertogivehousewives,butmanypeoplewillnotlikeit.

Theseeconomistsblamethehousewifeherselfforthejumpin

foodprices.Theysaythatfoodcostsmorenowbecausewomen

don'twanttospendmuchtimeinthekitchen.Womenpreferto

buyfoodwhichhasalreadybeenpreparedbeforeitreachesthe

market.

Vegetablesandchickencostmorewhentheyhavebeencutinto

piecesbysomeoneotherthantheonewhobuysit.Afamilyshould

expecttopaymorewhenseveral“TVdinners"aretakenhomefrom

thestore.Thesearefullycookedmeals,consistingofmeat,

vegetables,andsometimesdessert,allarrangedonametaldish.

Thedishisputintotheovenandheatedwhilethehousewife

isdoingsomethingelse.Suchaconveniencecostsmoney.45.

Economistsremindusthatmanymodemhousewiveshavejobs

outsidethehome.Theyearnmoneythathelpstopaythefamily

foodbills.Thehousewifenaturallyhaslesstimeandenergy

forcookingafteraday'swork.Shewantstobuymanykindsof

foodthatcanbeputonherfamily，stableeasilyandquickly.

“Ifthehousewifewantsallofthese,“theeconomistssay,

“thatisherprivilege,butshemustbepreparedtopayforthe

servicesofthosewhomakeherworkeasier.”

Itappearsthattheanswertothequestionofrisingpricesis

notasimpleone.Producers,consumers,andmiddlemenallshare

theresponsibilityforthesharpriseinfoodcosts.

[A]However,someeconomistsbelievethatcont