課時天天練(二十八)UNIT2HEALTHYLIFESTYLEⅠ.閱讀理解A[2023·秦皇島市部分學校復習聯考(二)]It'snotjustinyourhead:adesiretocurluponthesofaafteradayspenttoilingatthecomputercouldbeaphysicalresponsetomentallydemandingwork,accordingtoastudythatlinksmentalexhaustiontochangesinbrainphysiologythatcausefeelingsoftiredness.ThestudywasconductedbyneuroscientistAntoniusWiehlerattheParisBrainInstituteandhiscolleagues.Tolearnthecauseofmentalexhaustion,theresearchteamenrolled40participantsandassigned24ofthemtoperformachallengingtask.Theseincludedlookingatacomputerscreenandmatchingdifferentlettersthatappeared.Theother16participantsdidasimilar,buteasiertask.Bothteamsworkedforsixhours,andhadtwoten-minutebreaks.Whilethestudyparticipantsfocusedontheirwork,Wiehlerandhisteamscannedtheglutamate(谷氨酸)inthebrainsoftheparticipants.Glutamateisanimportantsignallingmoleculeinthebrainthatworksinmemoryandlearning.Toomuchglutamatemayupsetthebrain'sfunctions,whichmeansthebrainistiredanditmustrest.Theresearchersfoundthatparticipantswholabouredonthemoredifficulttaskhadhigherlevelsofglutamateinthebrainthanthosewhoworkedontheeasiertask.Theresultsuggestedpeoplewhospendmorethansixhoursworkingonataskthatrequiresalotofthoughtaremorelikelytofeeltired.Andnowthatasystemhasbeenestablishedtomeasuremetabolic(新陳代謝的)changesinresponsetomentalfatigue,theteamhopetolearnmoreabouthowtorecoverfrommentalexhaustion.Whiletheresearchershaven'tworkedoutanewsolution,Wiehleroffersthat,“Iwouldemploygoodoldrecipes:restandsleep!Thereisgoodevidencethatglutamateiseliminatedfromaperiodofrest.Agoodnapcanbeasshortas20minutes,butcanmakeusfeeltotallyrefreshed.”1．WhatdoWiehlerandhiscolleaguestrytostudy?A．Whythinkinghardmakesusfeeltired.B．Whypeoplespendlongtimeonscreen.C．Whopreferstotakeachallengingtask.D．Howpeoplecanalternateworkwithrest.2．Whichtaskmaycausementalexhaustionmoreeasily?A．WatchingafunnymovieonTV.B．ClimbingtheMountainTaiover6hours.C.Involvingasimpleeconomic-relateddecision.D．Playingchessgamesonthecomputerfor7hours.3．WhatistheattitudeofWiehlertowardthesystem?A．Skeptical B．Negative.C．Indifferent. D．Supportive.4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Thereisnoneedtofindanewsolution.B．Itisnouseputtingthesystemintoreality.C.Furtherstudyisnecessaryformentalexhaustion.D．Anapisthebestwaytoreducethementaltiredness.B[2023·福建省百校聯考高三上學期第一次聯考]Isitpossibleforthehumanhearttoshrink(縮小)andifso,howdoesthischangeimpactthehumanbody?Recently,scientistshavediscoveredanunexpectedsimilaritybetweenlong-distanceswimmingandspendingalongdurationoftimeinspace—bothcancausethehumanhearttoshrinkovertime!ThesefindingswerebasedontheexperiencesofastronautScottBelly,whospent340daysinspacein2015,andBenoitLecomte,anathletewhoin2018swam1，753miles(about2，821km)acrossthePacificOceanin159days.Theabsenceofgravityinspacemeansthattheheartdoesnothavetoworkashardtopumpbloodthroughtheaorta(主動脈),thelargestbloodvesselthatsuppliesoxygentoallpartsofourbody.Asaresult,theheartlosesmusclemass,causingittoreduceinsize.ThestudywasconductedbyBenjaminLevine,aprofessorofinternalmedicineattheUniversityofTexasSouthwesternMedicalCenter.HenotedthattheshrinkagewasseendespitethefactthatScottBellyexercisedeveryday.Activitiessuchaslong-distanceswimmingcancausethehearttochangesimilarly.Lecomtespent5.8hoursswimmingeverydayandthenanotherhourssleeping;therefore,hespentmoretimeinahorizontal(水平的)positionthanupright.Thisreducedtheforceofgravityactingonhisbody.Fortunately,whiletheheartdidshrinkinsizeforBellyandLecomte,itwasjustasstrongandcontinuedtofunctionnormallyforbothmen.Andinbothcases,theheartregaineditsoriginalmassandsizeafterareturntonormaldailylives.ThisstudyiscrucialasNASApreparestosendastronautstoMarsinthe2030s.ProfessorLevineisworkingwithNASAonaprogramcalledcypher,whichhopestocollectmorein-formationbyfollowingtenmoreastronauts'year-longtripsaswellasconductingresearchonshortertripstospace.5．WhatdoBellyandLecomtehaveincommon?A.Theirheartsoncebecamesmallerthanbefore.B．Theirheartsarestrongerthancommonpeople.C．Theirheartsmayneverreturntonormal.D．Theirheartsmayhavetoworkharder.6．Whatcausesthechangeoftheheartinspace?A．ThelackofexerciseB．Thelackofgravity.C．Thesleepingposition.D．Thepsychologicalpressure.7．Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A．Thelimitationofthestudy.B．Theprocessofthestudy.C．Thedetailsofthestudy.D．Theapplicationofthestudy.8．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．CanastronautsavoidtheeffectofgravityB．CanathletehaveastrongerheartC．CanthehumanheartreduceinsizeD．Canthehumanheartfunctionwellinspace[答題區]題號12345678答案Ⅱ.閱讀七選五[2023·山東省實驗中學高三第一次診斷]Forteenagers,theimportanceofadequatenightlysleepremainsconstant.Enoughshut-eyetimeiscrucialtobothphysicalhealthandcognitivefunctioning.__1__Parentsaredeeplyworriedaboutthis.Herearesometipsforparentstocushiontheblowfromtheschoolstuff,suchasearlierschoolstarttimeandmountingamountsofhomework.Setupabedtimeroutine.Aregularbedtimeroutinestartingaroundthesametimeeachnightencouragesgoodsleeppatterns.__2__Foroldones,thismightincludeaquietandreflectivechat.Checknoiseandlightinyourchild'sbedroom.__3__Checkifyourchild'sbedroomistoolightornoisyforsleep.Bluelightfromvariousscreensmightcontainmelatoninlevelsanddelaysleepiness.Ensuregooddinnerwithreasonableamounts.Thesayinggoesthatweshouldeatlikeakinginthemorning,aprinceatnoonandafarmeratnight.Butthefarmer-wayofdinnerdoesn'tapplytoyourchildren.Theyneedmorenutrition.Butmakesureyourchildhasarightamountofeveningmeal.Feelinghungryorfullbeforebedmakesyourchilduncomfortable.__4____5__Mostchildrenreceiveaportionoftheirrecommendedamountofsleepeachdayfromnaps.Notsleepingthroughthenightisfairlycommonforyoungchildren,sotheyneedanextraboostfromdaytimenapstoensuretheygetenoughsleepforanygiven24-hourperiod.A．Takeagoodnap.B．Sleepthroughthenight.C．Thiscanmakeithardforyourchildtogettosleep.D．Aquiet,dimlylitspaceisimportantforagoodsleep.E．Fixedbathandstorytimehelpssmallkidsreadyforsleep.F．Daytimenapsaresaidtobeagoodadditiontonightlysleep.G．Thatsaid,surveysrevealoneinfiveteenssleeplessthansevenhours.[答題區]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________Ⅲ.語法填空[2023·青島市高三調研]ForthoseconsumingAsianfood,usingchopsticks1.________(be)almostsecondnature.About20to33percentofpeopleintheworldusechopsticks2.________adailybasis.Notallofthosearedisposable(一次性的)ones,3.________nodoubtmanyare.FelixBock,astudentattheUniversityofBritishColumbia,waseagertofindawaytorecyclewoodfromconstructionprojects,andhehadaparticularinterestinbamboo.Onedayhefoundadrawerinhisfriend'shouse4.________(fill)withdisposablebamboochopsticks,andanideahithim.Hedecidedtogive5.________secondlifetodisposablechopsticksbymakingthemintohome6.________(decoration)orotheraccessories(配飾).Hetoldtheideatorestaurantowners,7.________(convince)themtoinstallrecyclingbinsintheirrestaurants.Hecleanedthechopsticks,pressedthemintosquarepiecesandcoatedthemwithglue.Thesquarepieceswerethen8.________(creative)arrangedintohouseholdandofficeproducts.B?ck'scompany,calledChopValue,hasrepurposedchopsticksintodesktops,cuttingboardsandeventablegames.Since2016whenthecompany9.________(found),ChopValuehasrescuedbillionsofchopsticksfromlandfills.Insteadofaneconomyofthetypicaltake-make-disposemodel,ChopValueseekstocreateone10.________transformswasteintoausableresource.[答題區]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________6.________7．________8.________9.________10．________課時天天練(二十八)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。介紹一項對精神疲勞的研究，精神疲勞的原因及解決辦法。1．答案與解析：A推理判斷題。根據首段及第二段“Tolearnthecauseofmentalexhaustion,theresearchteamenrolled40participantsandassigned24ofthemtoperformachallengingtask.”及第四段的“Theresultsuggestedpeoplewhospendmorethansixhoursworkingonataskthatrequiresalotofthoughtaremorelikelytofeeltired.”可知，Wiehler和他的同事試圖研究為什么努力思考會讓我們感到疲憊。2．答案與解析：D細節理解題。根據第四段“Theresultsuggestedpeoplewhospendmorethansixhoursworkingonataskthatrequiresalotofthoughtaremorelikelytofeeltired.”并結合選項可知，更容易導致精神疲憊的是在電腦上下棋7個小時。3．答案與解析：D推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Andnowthatasystemhasbeenestablishedtomeasuremetabolic(新陳代謝的)changesinresponsetomentalfatigue,theteamhopetolearnmoreabouthowtorecoverfrommentalexhaustion.”和“Iwouldemploygoodoldrecipes:restandsleep!Thereisgoodevidencethatglutamateiseliminatedfromaperiodofrest.Agoodnapcanbeasshortas20minutes,butcanmakeusfeeltotallyrefreshed.”可知，Wiehler對這個系統持支持的態度，故選D。4．答案與解析：C推理判斷題。根據最后一段的“Andnowthatasystemhasbeenestablishedtomeasuremetabolic(新陳代謝的)changesinresponsetomentalfatigue,theteamhopetolearnmoreabouthowtorecoverfrommentalexhaustion.Whiletheresearchershaven'tworkedoutanewsolution”可知，對于精神疲憊，進一步的研究是必要的。B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了人的心臟在長期缺乏重力的情況下會變小的一項研究。5．答案與解析：A細節理解題。根據倒數第二段的“Fortunately,whiletheheartdidshrinkinsizeforBellyandLecomte,itwasjustasstrongandcontinuedtofunctionnormallyforbothmen.”可知，Belly和Lecomte的心臟都變得比之前更小了。6．答案與解析：B細節理解題。根據第三段的“Theabsenceofgravityinspacemeansthattheheartdoesnothavetoworkashardtopumpbloodthroughtheaorta(主動脈),thelargestbloodvesselthatsuppliesoxygentoallpartsofourbody.Asaresult,theheartlosesmusclemass,causingittoreduceinsize.”可知，由于缺少地球重力，人的心臟會產生變化，會變得更小。7．答案與解析：D推理判斷題。通讀最后一段“ThisstudyiscrucialasNASApreparestosendastronautstoMarsinthe2030s.ProfessorLevineisworkingwithNASAonaprogramcalledcypher,whichhopestocollectmorein-formationbyfollowingtenmoreastronauts'year-longtripsaswellasconductingresearchonshortertripstospace.”可知，從最后一段我們能知道這個研究的應用。8．答案與解析：C主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“Isitpossibleforthehumanhearttoshrink(縮小)andifso,howdoesthischangeimpactthehumanbody？”可知，本文主要介紹了“人類的心臟能變小嗎”這一問題。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了一些幫助更好入睡的建議。1．答案與解析：G根據上文“Forteenagers,theimportanceofadequatenightlysleepremainsconstant.Enoughshut-eyetimeiscrucialtobothphysicalhealthandcognitivefunctioning.”以及后文“Parentsaredeeplyworriedaboutthis.Herearesometipsforparentstocushiontheblowfromtheschoolstuff,suchasearlierschoolstarttimeandmountingamountsofhomework.”可知，本句是在說明讓家長們感到憂慮的問題：調查顯示五分之一的青少年睡眠時間不足7小時。故選G。2．答案與解析：E根據上文“Setupabedtimeroutine.Aregularbedtimeroutinestartingaroundthesametimeeachnightencouragesgoodsleeppatterns.”以及后文“Foroldones,thismightincludeaquietandreflectivechat.”可知，本段的主旨是建立就寢時間，且后文提到了對年齡大點的孩子的建議，可知本句是針對年紀小的人群的建議。故選E。3．答案與解析：D根據上文“Checknoiseandlightinyourchild'sbedroom.”以及后文“Check