非謂語、獨立主格非謂語Icamehereatsix.簡單句Icamehereatsixtomeethim.不定式作非謂語Icamehereatsix,carryingmynotebook.動名詞作非謂語Icamehereatsix,worried.分詞作非謂語非謂語的三種形式不定式todoTobeornottobe,thatisaquestion.動名詞doingSeeingisbelieving.分詞doing/done（現在分詞或過去分詞）(Wewere)Borntowin.Diligenceisthepathleadingtohappiness.不定式1）不定式在句中的作用Nottoadvanceistogoback.主語表語Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.賓語Mydreamtobecomeastarnevercametrue.定語Englishisdifficulttolearn.補語Shecameatlast,onlytofindthereisnothingtoeat.狀語Idon’tknowwhattodo.賓語Totellyouthetruth,Idon’tquitelikethemovie.狀語2）不定式的時態與語態四種形式主動被動一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進行式tobedoing/完成進行式tohavebeendoing/3）不定式5大易犯錯誤=1\*GB3①.That’snormaltomakemistakes.wrong把that改成itIt’snormaltomakemistakes.形式主語主語It+todosth.(形式主語)It’salwayseasytosaybuthardtodo.Ifindithardtohatehim.形式賓語賓語=2\*GB3②Idon’tknowiftohelphimornot.WrongIdon’tknowwhethertohelphimornot.表示是否時，只能用whether,不用ifv.+(what/who/which/how/when/where/whether)+todo=3\*GB3③.Iappreciateyoutohelpmesomuch.Wrongappreciate后不能加不定式應改成：Iappreciateyourhelping.Iappreciateyourhelp.這些動詞后只能加不定式afford,aim,appear,bother,care,happen,force,permit,enable,longdesire,determine,expect,hope,promise,fail,hesitate,prepare,pretend,refuse,endeavor,seem,tend,ought,…can’thelp,feellike,putoff,giveup,keeponobjectto,payattentionto,stickto,getdownto開始認真做,be[get]usedto習慣于,leadto導致,bedevotedto致力于，專用于，taketo開始喜歡做,beopposedto,這里的to都是介詞，因此后面加動名詞=3\*GB3③這些表達后it'snogood;it'sno/little/hardlyanyuse;it‘sworthwhile;spendmoney/time;there’snopointin(干某事沒有意義);there'snothingworsethan...3．動名詞的時態語態一般形式：IlikewatchingTV.doing完成形式：Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.havingdone被動形式：Thisquestionisfarfrombeingsettled.beingdone真題鏈接89.Welookforwardto(被邀請出席開幕式).(2010-06)beinginvitedtoattendtheopeningceremony48. Thematchwascancelledbecausemostofthemembers________amatchwithoutastandardcourt.（1991-6）A)objectedtohavingB)wereobjectedtohaveC)objectedtohaveD)wereobjectedtohaving68.Shewassoangrythatshefeltlike.somethingathim.（1992-6）A).tothrowB)throwingC)tohavethrownD)havingthrown51. Iappreciate________toyourhome.(1991-6)A)tobeinvitedB)tohaveinvitedC)havinginvitedD)beinginvited69.Ourmoderncivilizationmustnotbethoughtofasinashortperiodoftime.(cet4)A)beingcreatedB)tohavebeencreatedC))havingbeencreatedD)tobecreated補充1:動名詞與不定式都可以作主語、賓語、表語，它們有什么區別？Swimmingismyfavoritesport.ToswimwithJaneiswhatI’mgoingtodothisafternoon.動名詞：泛指的、經常性的不定式：具體的、一次性的、將來的補充2：這些動詞后即可加不定式，也可加動名詞，有什么區別=1\*GB3①.demand,deserve,need,require,want表需要的動詞v.+doing/tobedone意思一致，無區別Mycarneedsrepairing.=Mycarneedstoberepaired.48. Yourhairwants________.You’dbetterhaveitdonetomorrow.（1997-6）A)cutB)tocutC)cuttingD)beingcut也可以說tobecut=2\*GB3②.remember,forget,regret,v.+不定式，表示記得/忘記/后悔/…要去做某事v.+動名詞，表示記得/忘記/后悔…做過某事64. Johnregretted________tothemeetinglastweek.(1990-1)A)notgoingB)nottogoC)nothavingbeengoingD)nottobegoing43. I’llneverforget________youforthefirsttime.(2001-1)A)tomeetB)meetingC)tohavemetD)havingtobemeetingDon’tforgettowalkthedogwhileIamaway,(1993-1)=3\*GB3③.stop,continue,goonv+不定式，表示停下/繼續去做另一事v+動名詞，表示停下/繼續正在做的事(2005-1)Tonyshouldcontinuetakingthecourse.現在上課，繼續上課Theywillcontinuetoexistalongwithon-lineeducation.以前不存在，現在有了，并且將繼續存在=4\*GB3④.trytry+不定式，表示作了一番努力，試圖完成某事try+動名詞，表示做某事試試(看有什么效果)。I’lltrytocometomorrow.我明天設法來。Let’stryknockingatthebackdoor.咱們敲敲后門試試。=5\*GB3⑤.meanmean+不定式，表示打算(想要)做某事mean+動名詞，表示意味著…Hedidnotmeantohurtyou.他不是有意要傷害你。Thisillnesswillmeangoingtohospital.得了這種病就意味著要住院。分詞現在分詞doing：表示主動的，正在進行的動作過去分詞done：表示被動的，已完成的動作分詞在句中的作用afallenleafafallingleaf作定語修飾leaf,看動作進行中還是已完成決定Thereisnothingleft.Thereisnothinginteresting.作nothing補語，看分詞與nothing的關系決定Shelookedtiredwithcooking.Youareamazing.作表語，看分詞與主語的主被動關系決定Havingalreadybeentoldmanytimes,hefinallychangethebadhabit.Notreceivinganyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.作狀語，看分詞與主句主語的主被動關系作插入語Generallyspeaking,talkingof…judgingfrom…真題鏈接inthisway,thesituationdoesn’tseemsodisappointing.(2000-01)A)TolookatB)LookingatC)LookedatD)Tobelookedat47. ________withthesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesnotseemhighatall.（1990-1）A)WhencomparedB)CompareC)WhilecomparingD)Comparing46. ________inarecentsciencecompetition,thethreestudentswereawardedscholarshipstotaling$21,000.(2001-1)A)JudgedthebestB)JudgingthebestC)TobejudgedthebestD)Havingjudgedthebest獨立主格Hewentoff,holdingaguninhishand.非謂語，主語一致Hewentoff,gunheldinhand.獨立主格，帶有自己主語的非謂語Hewentoff,guninhand.獨立主格，帶有自己主語在分句部分有自己的主語的，叫做獨立主格分詞主被動取決于與其主語的關系真題鏈接68. Anewtechn