Unit2

MoralsandVirtues

SectionⅣ

DiscoveringUsefulStructures——?jiǎng)釉~-ing形式(2)一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，與賓語之間是主謂關(guān)系，即賓語是其邏輯上的主語。它主要用于以下兩類動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。[合作探究1]Whenwereturned，wefoundastrangerstandinginfrontofthehouse.我們回來的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)陌生人站在房子前。Suddenlyweheardsomeoneknockinggentlyonthewindow.忽然我們聽見有人在輕輕地敲窗戶。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)1]表示________________的動(dòng)詞(詞組)，如see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，listento，lookat，notice，observe等。[名師提醒]在see，hear，feel，watch等感官動(dòng)詞后，既可用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，也可用省略to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。用動(dòng)詞-ing形式時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；用省略to的不定式時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作經(jīng)過從開始到結(jié)束的全過程。Isawaboygettingonthebus.(表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)我看見一個(gè)男孩在上公共汽車。Isawaboygetonthebus.(表示動(dòng)作完成了)我看見一個(gè)男孩上了公共汽車。感覺和心理狀態(tài)[合作探究2]Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.我們讓火整夜燃燒著。Iwon’thaveyourunningaboutintheroom.我不允許你在房間里跑來跑去。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)2]表示____________的使役動(dòng)詞，常見的有：have，let，keep，get，leave等。指使意義[合作探究3]Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwiththenoisegoingon.由于噪音不斷，我沒法做家庭作業(yè)。Withsomanypeoplelookingather，shefeltnervous.這么多人看著她，她感到很緊張。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)3]用于____________復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中。with二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語[合作探究]①Hearingthenews，hecouldn’thelplaughing.＝Whenheheardthenews，hecouldn’thelplaughing.一聽到那個(gè)消息，他禁不住大笑起來。②Notknowingheraddress，Ihadbettertelephonehertocomeover.＝AsIdon’tknowheraddress，Ihadbettertelephonehertocomeover.由于不知道她的地址，我還是打電話讓她過來為好。③Workinghard，you’llsurelysucceed.＝Ifyouworkhard，you’llsurelysucceed.如果努力工作，你就一定會成功。④Thechildslippedandfell，hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.＝Thechildslippedandfell，andhithisheadagainstthedoor.那個(gè)男孩滑了一跤，摔倒了，頭撞到了門上。⑤Havingbeentoldmanytimes，hestilldidn’tlearntheserulesbyheart.＝Althoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes，hestilldidn’tlearntheserulesbyheart.盡管被告知了很多次，他還是沒把這些規(guī)定記住。⑥Morrislayonthegrass，staringattheskyforalongtime.＝Morrislayonthegrassandstaredattheskyforalongtime.莫里斯躺在草地上，長時(shí)間地望著天空。⑦Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.他跑回來告訴我這個(gè)消息。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)]①作____________狀語；②作____________狀語；③作____________狀語；④作____________狀語；⑤作____________狀語；⑥作____________狀語；⑦作____________狀語。時(shí)間原因條件結(jié)果讓步伴隨方式[名師提醒](1)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語，是隨著謂語動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果，而不定式作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，有時(shí)前面可以加only。Ihurriedtoschool，onlytofinditwasSunday.我匆忙趕到學(xué)校，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)是星期天。(2)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于與之對應(yīng)的狀語從句，但是當(dāng)作伴隨狀語及結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，可轉(zhuǎn)化為并列謂語。三、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語注意事項(xiàng)1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語時(shí)，要注意其時(shí)間性，是用一般式(doing)，還是用完成式(havingdone)。[合作探究1]Walkinginthestreet，Imetanoldfriendofmine.我正在大街上行走時(shí)，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和謂語動(dòng)詞met同時(shí)發(fā)生)Havingfinishedtheletter，hewenttopostit.他寫完信后就把它寄了出去。(havingfinished是先發(fā)生的，went是后發(fā)生的)[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)1](1)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，用____________式。(2)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生，而謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作后發(fā)生時(shí)，用____________式。一般完成2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的語態(tài)[合作探究2]Havingbeenshownaroundthefactory，theywereveryhappy.(現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式)被領(lǐng)著參觀了工廠后，他們很高興。Havingfinishedhishomework，hewenttobed.(現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)式)完成了作業(yè)后，他上床睡覺。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)2]使用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)式還是被動(dòng)式，這主要取決于動(dòng)詞-ing形式和句子____________之間的關(guān)系。句子的主語就是動(dòng)詞-ing形式的邏輯主語。主語3.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定式[合作探究3]Notknowingthis，hedidn’tcome.他不知道這件事，所以沒來。Nothavingmadefullpreparations，weputoffthesportsmeeting.因?yàn)闆]有做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，我們把運(yùn)動(dòng)會延期了。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)3]動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定式為____________＋v.-ing；____________＋havingv.-ednotnot4.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作評注性狀語[合作探究4]Judgingfromhisbehaviour，hemustbemad.從他的行為來判斷，他一定是瘋了。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)4]有些動(dòng)詞-ing形式在句中沒有邏輯主語，它們往往作為句子的評注性狀語來修飾整個(gè)句子，表明說話者的____________等。例如：generallyspeaking“一般來說”，judgingby/from...“從……判斷”，takingeverythingintoconsideration“從全盤考慮”。態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)5.獨(dú)立主格[合作探究5]Therainhavingstopped，wewentonmarching.雨過之后，我們繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)5]動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語，有時(shí)它也可以有自己獨(dú)立的____________，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，通常用來表示伴隨的動(dòng)作或情況，也可以表示時(shí)間、原因或條件。主語[鞏固內(nèi)化1]同義句轉(zhuǎn)換①Astimepassesby，wewillhaveabetterandbetterlife.→With________________，wewillhaveabetterandbetterlife.②Isawthattheywerecomingacrossthestreet.→Isaw_______________________thestreet.timepassingbythemcomingacross③Istoodonthebridgeandwatchedboatswerepassingby.→Istoodonthebridgeandwatched____________________.④Ifeltthatsomeonewaspattingmeontheshoulder.→Ifelt_______________________meontheshoulder.⑤IheardthatMarysangasonginthenextroomlastnight.→Iheard________________________inthenextroomlastnight.boatspassingbysomeonepattingMarysingasong[鞏固內(nèi)化2]同義句轉(zhuǎn)換①Itrainedheavilyanditcausedgreatdamage.→Itrainedheavily，________________________.②Afterhehadeatenhisdinner，theboyrushedout.→_______________________，theboyrushedout.③Theboysatinfrontofthefarmhouse，andcutthebranches.→Theboysatinfrontofthefarmhouse，___________________________.④AsIdidnotknowhowtogetthere，Ihadtoasktheway.→__________________________________，Ihadtoasktheway.causinggreatdamageHavingeatenhisdinnercuttingthebranchesNotknowinghowtogetthere[鞏固內(nèi)化3]單句語法填空①________________(work)forthreehours，hetookarest.②Tomcame____________(dash)intotheroomwithsomefilmticketsinhishand.③____________(spend)allhismoney，theboyhadtogivehismotheracall.④____________(see)nobodyathome，hedecidedtoleavethemanote.HavingworkeddashingHavingspentSeeing[鞏固內(nèi)化4]單句語法填空①____________(judge)fromhisaccent，hemustbefromthesouth.②_________________(tell)manytimes，hestillcouldn’tunderstandi