第六章：It’s…that/who強調句及it的其他用法強調句的形式比較簡單，無非就是將要強調的部分用It’s…that/who夾起來，但是如果和其他的句式想結合就不那么簡單了。這也是高考青睞強調句的原因所在。第一節：基本結構It’s…that/who是英語中用語法手段對句中除謂語以外的某一成分進行強調的一種方法。它的形式比較簡單，只要把要強調的部分夾在It’s…that/who中間，其他部分照抄跟在后面。強調主語。ImetLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.ItwasIthat(who)metLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.強調賓語。ImetLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.ItwasLiMingthatImetattherailwaystationyesterday.強調地點狀語。ImetLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.ItwasattherailwaystationthatImetLiMingyesterday.4.強調時間狀語。ImetLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.ItwasyesterdaythatImetLiMingattherailwaystation.強調各種從句。Hewenttothefactoryatoncebecausehehadalotofworktodo.Itwasbecausehehadalotofworktodothathewenttothefactoryatone.(原因狀語)6．強調不定式。Ioftenkeepthewindowswideopentoletthefreshairin.ItistoletthefreshairinthatIoftenkeepthewindowswideopen.…第二節：應該注意的問題用It’s…that/who結構對句子進行強調時應該注意一下幾個問題：這種結構只有一般現在時和一般過去時兩種時態。其他的時態很少用這種句式進行強調。Ithasbeenfouryears_____Igaveupsmoking.that.B.since.分析：遇到這種高考題，我們就毫不考慮的選B.since.2.在強調主語時，that后的謂語動詞要與被強調者保持人稱和數的一致。如：ItisIwhoamateacher.3.即使被強調的主語是復數，主句中的謂語動詞也用單數。換句話說：強調句中不可能出現am,are,were。如：Itistheywhooftenhelpmewithmylessons.強調句和it作形式主語的區別。強調句中的It’s,that/who在句中只是一種語法手段，沒有任何意義，如果去掉不會對句子的意思產生影響，或不會影響句子的完整性。但是，it作形式主語的結構如果去掉句子就不完整。因為that引導主語從句時不能省略，而且is/was在句子中充當謂語（系動詞）。Itisagoodideathatweeatout.分析：如果去掉itis和that,Weeatoutsaid.很明顯時個不完整的句子。強調時間狀語的強調句和時間狀語從句的區別。時間狀語從句中主句和從句都是完整的句子，it指代時間，如果把其中的it,is/was和when去掉，句子將不完整；而強調句則完整。Itwas12:00wewenthome.A.thatB.when.分析：如果去掉itwas和橫線，Wewenthome12:00。很明顯這是個錯誤的句子，缺少介詞at.真確的句子因該是：Wewenthomeat12：00.強調句和as引導的定語從句的區別。這兩種句型的區別比較簡單，在定語從句一章有詳細講解，此處不再贅述。總之，區別強調句和其他句式最有效的方法是：去掉it,is/was,that/who或橫線后看句子是否完整。如果完整肯定是強調句，不然為其他句式。強調句的反義問句。強調句的反義問句比較簡單，只要將它看成itis/was…的句子就可以了。Itis…that…,isn’tit?Itisnot…that…,isit?Itwas…that…,wasn’tit?Itwasnot…that…,wasit?第三節：高考常見題型強調句的一般形式。雖然這是最簡單的形式，但由于其在英語表達中占有很重要的位置，因此在高考中常常出現。ItwasinNewZealand___ElizabethfirstmetMr.Smith.(2008全國II20)A.thatB.howC.whichD.when分析：去掉itwas和橫線：ElizabethfirstmetMr.SmithinNewZealand.句子完整。所以A.that。強調句的一般疑問句。強調句雖然簡單，但是換成一般疑問句后學生往往無從下手。Was__________thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?(1997上海卷)A.ityou

B.notyouC.you

D.thatyourself分析：方法還是一樣：去掉句中的it,was,that再看句子是否完整。如果完整，就是強調句。不完整在從其他的角度分析。Isawyoulastnightatthecenter.非常完整。所以A.ityou

。強調句的特殊問句。可以說這是近年高考最受青睞的題型。它的特點是使用廣泛、靈活多變、但有一定的難度，對于高考這類選拔型考試特別適合。它可以以單獨的形式出現，也可以與其他的從句形式相配合。下面我們就來看看這種結構。（2）單獨的特殊疑問句。格式：被強調部分（通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞）+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分？如：Whenwasitthatyouwereborn?Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess.__________youwantmetosay?(2004上海卷)A.Whatisitthat

B.WhatitisthatC.Howisitthat

D.Howitisthat分析：這是典型的強調句特殊疑問句。根據句意A.Whatisitthat

。（2）充當名詞性從句的強調句特殊問句。由于這種句型在句子中做了名詞性從句，那么話句話說就是陳述語序的特殊問句。格式：被強調部分（通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞）+itis/was++that/who+其它部分。Whenaskedtoexplain______madehislessonssoexciting,theteacherkeptsilent.A.whatitisthatB.thatwhatitisC.whatisitthatD.thatwhatisit分析：這道題是強調句用作賓語從句。根據題意A.whatitisthat。Itis/wasnotAbutBthat…這是帶有選擇性的強調句。當然也可以出現其他的連詞，如ratherthan….有時也可以出現幾種變形形式：It’sAthat…notB.It’snotAbutBthat…It’sAratherthanBthat…It’sAthat…ratherthanB.Itisnotwhoisrightbutwhatisright______isofimportance.[2007重慶卷]A.which B.it C.that D.this分析：典型的選擇式強調句。所以C.that。not…until的強調。可以說這是高考中出現頻率最高的強調句類型。這種強調句比較特殊，在強調not…until結構中由until短語（或從句）表示的時間狀語時，要用固定的強調句型：Itis(was)notuntil...that...注意此時原句的not…until要變成notuntil，that從句中的謂語動詞要用肯定式。如：a.Myfatherdidn'tcomehomeuntil12o'clocklastnight.b.Itwasnotuntil12o'clocklastnightthatmyfathercamehome.c.Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.d.ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.It_____wehadstayedtogetherforacoupleofweeks____Ifoundwehadalotincommon.[2007浙江卷]A.wasuntil;whenB.wasuntil;thatC.wasn’tuntil;whenD.wasn’tuntil;that分析：標準句型，所以D.wasn’tuntil;that。第四節：it的其他用法1.it可用作人稱代詞、指示代詞、先行詞及引導詞等。（1）人稱代詞it，是第三人稱單數中性，代表前文已提到過的一件事物。如：a.Thatvaseisvaluable.It’smorethan200yearsold.b.Iloveswimming.Itkeepsmefit.當說話者不清楚或無必要知道說話對象的性別時，也可用it來表示。c.It’salovelybaby.Isitaboyoragirl?it可用來指代團體。如：d.Thecommitteehasmetandithasrejectedtheproposal.it用以代替指示代詞this,that.如：e.---What’sthis?---It’sapen.(2)指示代詞it，常用以指人。如：a.Goandseewhoitis.b.---Whoismakingsuchanoise?---Itmustbethechildren.(3)虛義it無指代性，常用作沒有具體意義的主語，出現于表示天氣、氣候、溫度、時間、地點、距離等意義的句子中。如：a.Itishalfpastthreenow.b.Itissixmilestothenearesthospitalfromhere.c.Itwasverycold;itsnowedandgrewdark.(4)it也常用來表示一般的籠統的情況。如：a.It’sawful—I’vegotsomuchworkIdon’tknowwheretostart.糟透了——我有這么多工作要做我不知從何開始。b.Howisitgoingwithyou?你近況如何？c.Takeiteasy.不要緊張。d.Ilikeithere.我喜歡這個地方。e.Itlooksasifthecollegeisverysmall.f.Itseemsasthoughourplanwillbeperfect.g.It’smyturn.該輪到我了。(5)it也常用于某些習慣用語中作賓語，各該習慣用語有具體意義，但it并無具體意義。如：cabit乘車catchit受責，受罰comeit盡自己分內comeitstrong做得過分walkit步行makeit辦成takeitoutofsomebody拿某人出氣haveitinsb.某人有能力。2.it用作形式主語。it充當形式主語，只起一種先行引導的作用，為了讓句子平衡，真正主語或真正賓語通常是不定式結構、V-ing分詞結構或名詞性從句。a.Itisdifficulttotranslatethisarticle.b.Itisgettinghardereverydayforalazymantogetaliving.c.Whattimewoulditbemostconvenientformetocallagain?什么時候我再給你打電話最合適？d.Itisnousegoingtheresoearly.e.Ithasbeenagreathonoryourcomingtovisitme.f.Itisstrangethathedidnotcomeatall.g.Itdoesn’tmatterwhatyoudo.h.ItseemsthatJohnisnotcomingafterall.i.IthappenedthatJohnwastheonlywitness.3.it用作形式賓語.It作形式賓語時，通常和下列動詞連用：consider,think,make,find,believe,count,declare,deem,fancy,feel,guess,imagine,judge,prove,see,show,suppose,understand,take等。它的一般結構為：V+it+adj/n+不定式/V-ing/名詞從句。當然有時可以插入其他的成分，如邏輯主語、間接賓語等等。

a.Ifounditdifficulttoexplaintohimwhathappened.我覺得向他解釋清發生了什么事很困難。b.Hethoughtitnousegoingoverthesubjectagain.他認為再討論這個問題沒有用了。c.Theykeptitquietthathewasdead.他們對他的死保密。d.Wemustmakeitcleartothepublicthatsomethingshouldbedonetostoppollution.我們必須使公眾明白應該采取措施制止污染。4.一種特殊的it用法,(would)appreciate/hate/like/prefer/help…+it+when/if從句。我們先看看下面的句子：Iwouldappreciateitifyoupaidincash.Ihateitwhenpeoplecry.Ilikeitwhenyoudothat.Iwouldpreferitifyoudidn’ttellanyone.Icouldn’thelpitifthebuswaslate.說它特殊，也不是很特殊。對于上面句子中的it有人認為是一種特殊的形式賓語，既然是形式賓語那么真正的賓語在哪里？本人覺得有點欠妥。筆者認為it指代句中提到的一種情況。分析：如果付現金我非常感激。it在這里指代付現金后出現的情況。我討厭人哭。it在這里指代人哭泣是的情形。我就喜歡你那樣做。it指代干那件事時的情形。我希望你不要告訴任何人。it指代不告訴別人后的情形。公共汽車晚點了，我也沒辦法。it指代汽車晚點。注意：這種結構中有時會出現虛擬，至于何時虛擬，要看說話人要表達的意思。說具體一點，如果出現would就要用虛擬。第五節：實戰演練1.Itwasn'tuntilnearlyamonthlater_____Ireceivedthemanager'sreply.(2005/全國I/30)A.since

B.when

C.as

D.that

2.Thechairmanthought_____necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.(2005/全國I/35)A.that

B.it

C.this

D.him

3.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but_____didn'thelp.(2005/全國III/13)A.it

B.she

C.which

D.he

4.Itiswhatyoudoratherthanwhatyousay______matters.(2005/天津/9)A.that

B.what

C.which

D.this

5.____intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.

(2005/上海/38)A.Whatisrequired

B.WhatrequiresC.Itisrequired

D.Itrequires

6.—_____thathemanagedtogettheinformation?—Oh,afriendofhishelpedhim.(2005/山東/31)A.Wherewasit

B.Whatwasit

C.Howwasit

D.Whywasit

7.Ilike______intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(2004/全國/I/27)A.this

B.that

C.it

D.one

8.—Doyoulike______here?—Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.(2004/全國/II/32)A.this

B.these

C.that

D.it

9.TheForeignMinistersaid,“______ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”(2004/北京/24)A.Thisis

B.Thereis

C.Thatis

D.Itis

10.Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess.______youwantmetosay?(2004/上海/43)A.Whatisitthat

B.WhatitisthatC.Howisitthat

D.Howitisthat

11.Itwaswithgreatjoy_____hereceivedthenewsthathislostdaughterhadbeenfound.(2004/福建/35)A.because

B.which

C.since

D.that

12.Itwas______backhomeaftertheexperiment.(2004/湖北/24)A.notuntilmidnightdidhego

B.untilmidnightthathedidn'tgoC.notuntilmidnightthathewent

D.untilmidnightwhenhedidn'tgo

13.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut____willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.(NMET/2001/25)A.they

B.it

C.one

D.which

14.Infact______isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.(NMET/Shanghai/2001/33)A.this

B.that

C.there

D.it

15.Itwasforthisreason______herunclemovedoutofNewYorkandsettleddowninasmallvillage.(NMET/Shanghai/2001/spr/32)A.which

B.why

C.that

D.how

16.—Hewasnearlydrownedonce.Whenwas______?—______wasin1998whenhewasinmiddleschool.(NMET/Beijing-Neimeng-Anhui/2002/spr/30)A.that;It

B.this;This

C.this;It

D.that;This

17.Itwasbecauseofbadweather_____thefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.(NMET/Shanghai/2003/spr./30)A.so

B.sothat

C.why

D.that

18.Itisthesepoisonousproducts______cancausethesymptomsoftheflu,suchasheadacheandachingmuscles.(NMET/Shanghai/2003/36)A.who

B.that

C.how

D.what

19.Itwasonlywiththehelpofthelocalguide_______.(NMET/Shanghai/2004/spr./37)A.wasthemountainclimberrescued

B.thatthemountainclimberwasrescuedC.whenthemountainclimberwasrescued

D.thenthemountainclimberwasrescued

20.Thereisaphotoonthewall.______thephotoofLeiFeng.(1980/三/8)A.It

B.Its

C.It's

D.Heis.

21.Does______matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?(MET/1991/14)A.this

B.that

C.he

D.it

22.Tom'smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but______didn'thelp.(MET/1993/27)A.he

B.which

C.she

D.it

23.Is______possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?(MET/1988/28)A.now

B.man

C.that

D.it

24.Is______necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?(MET/1989/29)A.this

B.that

C.it

D.he

25.Itworriedherabit_______herhairwasturninggrey.(MET/1992/35)A.while

B.that

C.if

D.for

26.Idon'tthink______possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.(MET/1990/21)A.this

B.that

C.its

D.it

27.______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET/1995/37)A.There

B.This

C.That

D.It

28.Itwasnot______shetookoffherdarkglasses_____Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.(MET/1992/30)A.when;that

B.until;that

C.until;when

D.when;than

29.Itwasatthegate______hetoldmethenews.(1980/三/20)A.that

B.what

C.which

D.when

30.Itwasnotuntil1920_______regularradiobroadcastsbegan.(NMET/1995/33)A.while

B.which

C.that

D.since

31.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar______hedied?(MET/1988/32)A.that

B.while

C.inwhile

D.then

32.Itwasinthebookstore______Imetyourbrothertheotherday.(NMET/上海/1990/32)A.where

B.that

C.inwhich

D.inthat

33.Was______thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?(NMET/上海/1995/13)A.ityou

B.notyou

C.you

D.thatyourself

34.Itwasabout600yearsago______theclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.(NMET/1997/25)A.that

B.until

C.before

D.when

35.—Wasn'titDrWangwhospoketoyoujustnow?—______.(NMET/上海/1996/28)A.Ididn'tknowhewas

B.Yes,itwasC.No,hewasn't

D.Yes,hedid

36.Ihate______whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET/1998/8)A.it

B.that

C.these

D.them

37.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently_____Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.(NMET/1998/22)A.until

B.that

C.then

D.so

38.____wasin1979_____IgraduatedfromtheUniversity.(NMET/上海/1998/4)A.That...that

B.It...that

C.That...when

D.It...when

39.Don't_____thatallthosewhogetgoodgradesintheentranceexaminationwillprovetobemoresuccessful.(NMET/上海/1998/23)A.takeasgranted

B.takethisforgrantedC.takethatforgranted

D.takeitforgranted

40.Itwas_____hesaid_____disappointedme.(NMET/上海/1999/5)A.what...that

B.that...that

C.what...what

D.that...what

41.Itwasnotuntilshegothome____Jenniferrealizedshehadlostherkeys.(2006/全國II/9)A.when

B.that

C.where

D.before

42.Itwasafterhegotwhathehaddesired____herealizeditwasnotsoimportant.(2006/遼寧/35)A.that

B.when

C.since

D.as

43.Ijustwonder____thatmakeshimsoexcited.(2006/山東/32)A.whyitdoes

B.whathedoes

C.howitis

D.whatitis

44.____isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.(2006/浙江/4)A.As

B.That

C.This

D.It

45.AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemade____herdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople'saffairsinthattown.(2006/湖南/26)A.this

B.that

C.one

D.it

46.IfIcanhelp_____,Idon'tlikeworkinglateintothenight.(2006/全國I/26)A.so

B.that

C.it

D.them

47.Catherineboughtapostcardoftheplaceshewasvisiting,addressed___to____andthenposteditatthenearbypostoffice.(2006/安徽/34)A.it;her

B.it;herself

C.herself;her

D.herself;herself

48.I'dappreciate____ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.(2006/山東/24)A.that

B.it

C.this

D.you

49.ItwasalongtheMississippiRiver_______MarkTwainspentmuchofhischildhood.（2008天津卷）A.howB.whichC.thatD.w