課件需用office2010及以上版本打開，如果您的電腦是office2007及以下版本或者WPS軟件，可能會出現公式不可編輯或者有不同程度的動版。軟件使用編輯修改本課件全文均可單擊鼠標右鍵對內容進行編輯修改。課件說明學科特色公式由公式編輯器制作，可單擊鼠標右鍵對公式進行修改。顯示說明如您在使用過程中遇到公式不顯示或者字體亂碼的情況，可能是因為您的電腦缺少對應字體，請打開網頁下載。范疇三人與自然教材同步復習主題十宇宙探索Thinkaboutthefollowingquestions：1．Whatdoyouthinkisthebiggestproblemforastronautslivinginspace?2．Haveyoueverthoughtabouttravellingintospaceoneday?

航天事業發展 Thefirstpeopletogointospaceonlywentforshorttripstoseewhatitwaslike.Today,astronautscan①spendweeksorevenmonthslivingandworkinginspace.Weallknowthatlivinginspace②isverydifferentfromlivingontheearth.So,what'sastronauts'dailylifelike? Brushingteeth Astronautsbrushtheirteethinthenormalwayaswedo,butthereisadifference!OntheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS),thereisnoweightpullingthingsdownwardslikeontheearth,soeverythingincludingthewaterandtoothpaste(牙膏)floatsaround.Thetoothpasteastronautsusecanbeswallowedaftertheybrushtheirteethandthemouthisthencleanedwithawetpapernapkin.Theastronautshavetoclosetheirmouthsto③preventthetoothpastefloatingout!

▲ Nutrition(營養)④playsanimportantroleinkeepingthehealthofastronauts.However,notallfoodcanbetakentospace.Forexample,AmericanastronautJohnYoungtookasandwichintospacein1965.Ifitstinypiecesgetintospaceplane'selectronics,itmaycauseseriousmalfunction．So,astronauts'foodisspeciallyprepared.Thefoodtrays(盤子)arepreparedonthegroundforeachastronautandsenttotheISSbeforehe/shearrives.RedfoodtrayscontainfoodfromRussiaandblueonescontainfoodfromAmerican/Europeancountries. Exercise Theabsenceofweight⑤leadstohealthproblemssuchasboneandmuscleloss.So,ontheISSthereisarunningmachineandaspecialexercisebicycle.Astronautshavetodoatleast2hoursofexerciseeverydaytokeepingoodshape.Therearealsosomepulleys(滑輪)andropes.Allthesehelpthemmaintaintheconditionoftheirbonesandmuscles.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要揭秘了航天員的太空生活。

根據文章內容完成下列各題1．

Whichofthefollowingisproperfor“▲“？()A．Cookingfood B．Kitchentools C．Eating【解析】句子還原題。由第三段內容可知，本段主要講述了航天員吃的食物，以及裝食物的盤子，因此本段小標題與吃有關。故選C。C2．

Theunderlinedword“malfunction”inParagraph3means“

”

inChinese.()A．功能

B．故障

C．糾紛【解析】詞義猜測題。由第三段第四句“Ifitstinypiecesgetintospaceplane'selectronics…”可知，如果細小的食物殘渣進到宇宙飛船的電子設備中，會引起嚴重的故障。故選B。B3．

Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage？()A．HowAstronautsBrushTeethinSpace B．WhatAstronautsEatinSpaceC．HowAstronautsLiveinSpace【解析】標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了航天員在太空是如何生活的，因此C項最適合做文章的標題。故選C。C

理清文章結構和內容，完成思維導圖closedattentionbeforecolorstwo/2hours

好詞好句積累

在文中畫出下列詞組或句型，翻譯并仿寫與主題相關的句子。①spend…doing…________________________________________________仿寫：航天員需要花費很多年進行大量的訓練。_________________________________________________________________花費……做……Astronautsneedtospendmany/alotof/lotsofyearstrainingalot.②bedifferentfrom…______________________________________________仿寫：中國制造的宇宙飛船和美國制造的不一樣。_________________________________________________________________③prevent…(from)doing…_________________________________________仿寫：這種衣服能阻止航天員受到傷害。_________________________________________________________________與……不同的ThespaceshipmadeinChinaisdifferentfromthatmadeintheUSA.阻止……做……Thiskindofclothescanpreventastronauts(from)gettinghurt.④playanimportantrolein_________________________________________仿寫：衛星在宇宙探索中發揮著重要的作用。_________________________________________________________________⑤leadto…______________________________________________________仿寫：太空中的垃圾可能會導致嚴重的問題。_________________________________________________________________在……中起到重要作用Satellitesplayanimportantroleinexploringtheuniverse.導致……Thewasteinspacemayleadtoseriousproblems.第一部分完形填空

閱讀下面一篇短文，從短文前的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有一個為多余選項。

航天事業發展A．theB．andC．clean

D．butE．in

F．how

G．mainly TheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)welcomeditsfirstastronautsin2000,paving(鋪設)1.______wayfor20yearsoffutureresearch.【解析】分析句子成分可知，空格處缺少一個冠詞。結合備選單詞可知，the符合語境。故選A。A Overthepast20years,theISShas2.______beenusedasasciencelab,hosting241peoplefrom19countries,accordingtoNASA．Theyhavegoneonspacewalks,doneresearchon3.______spaceaffectsthehumanbody,andevengrownplantsinspace.2．【解析】分析句子成分可知，空格處缺少一個副詞修飾動詞used。結合備選單詞可知，副詞mainly符合語境，指在過去的20年里國際空間站主要作為科學實驗室使用。故選G。3．【解析】分析句子成分可知，空格處缺少一個引導詞引導賓語從句。結合備選單詞可知，how符合語境，指國際空間站人員進行太空行走、做了太空是如何影響人體及植物的研究。故選F。GF Thestation'sdevelopmenthasalsohelpedpeopleonEarth.Forexample,itswaterpurification(凈化)technologyhasbeenusedinpoorareastoprovide4.______drinkingwater.Thestationalsohelpstowarnusofnaturaldisasters,suchasearthquakes.【解析】分析句子成分可知，空格處缺少一個形容詞修飾后面的不可數名詞詞組drinkingwater。結合備選單詞可知，形容詞clean符合語境，指國際空間站的水凈化技術被用于向貧困地區提供清潔的水。故選C。C However,afterbeingourhome5.______spaceforover7，000days,thestationisstartingtogetold.Scientiststhinkthatthestationcankeepworkinguntil2024.Afterthat,scientistswillbringitdowntoEarth.ItisbelievedthattheEarth'satmosphere(大氣)willburnupmostofthestation6.______theotherpieceswillfallintothePacificOcean.5．【解析】分析句子成分可知，空格處缺少一個介詞。結合備選單詞可知，介詞in符合語境，指在太空中的家里待了7000多天。故選E。6．【解析】分析句子成分可知，空格處缺少一個并列連詞連接兩個從句，表示遞進的關系。故選B。EB【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了國際空間站。國際空間站始于2000年，在過去的20年里，它主要被作為一個科學實驗室使用，它的發展對人類有很大的幫助。現在，國際空間站也產生了一些問題，將來可能不會再被使用，將通過大氣層墜入地球。第二部分閱讀理解第一節閱讀下面一個語篇，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。

(2022?畢節改編)

航天事業發展

⑦Chinahasfoursatellitelaunchbases(衛星發射基地).

TheyareJiuquaninGansu,XichanginSichuan,TaiyuaninShanxiandWenchanginHainan.

⑨JiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenter,whichwasfounded(建立)in1958,isoneofthefourfamoussatellitelaunchbasesinChina.⑩ThecenterhascreatedeightproudfirstsforChina'sspaceindustry.

OnApril21,1970,China'sfirstman-madeearthsatellitewasraisedthere.TheLongMarch2FrocketcarryingtheShenzhou

Ⅻmannedspacecraftblastedoff(發射)fromJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenterinJune,2021.

⑧⑨XichangSatelliteLaunchCenter,alsoknownasXichangSatelliteCity,wasfoundedin1970.After37yearsofdevelopment,thecenterhasthousandsofsetsofexcellentequipment(設備).Itisknownasthe“OrientalHouston(東方休斯頓)”．

⑨TaiyuanSatelliteLaunchCenterwasfoundedin1967.

ThecenterhaslaunchedChina'sfirstweathersatellite“Fengyun-1”，makingninefirstsinthehistoryofChina'ssatellitelaunches.

⑨WenchangSpaceLaunchCenter(foundedin2009)isnowthefourthsatellitelaunchcenterofChina.Becauseitisonly19degreesawayfromtheequator(赤道),morerocketloads(負載)arepossible,makingitthecenterofChina'sspacedevelopmentinthefuture.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國的四大衛星發射基地。7．HowmanysatellitelaunchbasesarethereinChinaaccordingtothepassage?()A．Therearethree.B．Therearefour.C．Therearefive.【解析】細節理解題。由第一段第一句“Chinahasfoursatellitelaunchbases(衛星發射基地).”可知，中國共有四個衛星發射基地。故選B。B8．Whichcenterisknownasthe“OrientalHouston”？

()A．JiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenter.B．XichangSatelliteLaunchCenter.C．TaiyuanSatelliteLaunchCenter.【解析】細節理解題。由第三段“XichangSatelliteLaunchCenter,alsoknownasXichangSatelliteCity,wasfoundedin1970.After37yearsofdevelopment，thecenterhasthousandsofsetsofexcellentequipment(設備).Itisknownasthe‘OrientalHouston(東方休斯頓)’．”可知，是西昌衛星發射中心被譽為“東方休斯頓”。故選B。B9．

Choosetheorderofthefoundation(成立)timeofthefourcentersaccordingtothefollowing：()①Jiuquan

②Xichang

③Taiyuan④WenchangA．①②③④ B．③①④② C．①③②④【解析】事件排序題。由第二段第一句“JiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenter,whichwasfounded(建立)in1958,isoneofthefourfamoussatellitelaunchbasesinChina.可知，酒泉衛星發射中心始建于1958年；由第四段第一句“TaiyuanSatelliteLaunchCenterwasfoundedin1967.”可知，太原衛星發射中心成立于1967年；由第三段第一句“XichangSatelliteLaunchCenter,alsoknownasXichangSatelliteCity，wasfoundedin1970.”可知，西昌衛星發射中心始建于1970年；由最后一段第一句“WenchangSpaceLaunchCenter(foundedin2009)isnowthefourthsatellitelaunchcenterofChina.”可知，文昌航天發射中心成立于2009年，由此可以推斷正確的順序為①③②④。故選C。C10．WhichofthefollowingisNOTright？()A．ThecenterofTaiyuanhasmadeninefirstssince1967.B．TheShenzhou

ⅫmannedspacecraftblastedoffinJune,2021.C．ThecenterofJiuquanhascreatedsixproudfirstssince1968.【解析】細節理解題。由第二段“ThecenterhascreatedeightproudfirstsforChina'sspaceindustry.”可知，酒泉衛星發射中心已經為中國的太空事業創造了八個驕傲，可知C項與文章內容不符。故選C。C第二節閱讀下面一篇短文，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有一個為多余選項。A．LandinguprightB．LandingslowlyC．Ittookjust9hourstoreturn!D．Thelongspacejourneychangedtheirbodies.E．Therearemanyinterestingfactsabouttheirlanding.F．OnlyShenzhouⅥandShenzhouhavesuccessfullydoneso.

地球與宇宙探秘 OnApril16,2022,ShenzhouastronautsZhaiZhigang,WangYapingandYeGuangfusafelycamebacktoEarthfromtheTiangongspacestation.11.______Let'stakealook!【解析】由后文“Let'stakealook！”可知，

與E選項“Therearemanyinterestingfactsabouttheirlanding.”緊密銜接并引起下文。故選E。E Speedyreturn Themissionsetanewspeedrecord.WhentheShenzhouⅫcamebackfromthespacestationin2021,ittookabout28hours.Thistime,Shenzhoucutdownthenumberoforbits(環繞地球圈數)from11to5.12.______

13.______

CA12．【解析】

由上文“Thistime,Shenzhou

cutdownthenumberoforbits(環繞地球圈數)from11to5.”可知，這一次，神舟十三號將環繞地球圈數從11圈減少到5圈，與C選項“Ittookjust9hourstoreturn！”緊密銜接并總結上文。故選C。13．【解析】

通讀小標題下的語段，本段主要介紹了神舟十三號返回艙直立著陸的情況。本段的第一句中的landedupright及最后一句中的“Landingupright”進行了充分的提示。故選A。 There-entrycapsule(返回艙)landedupright(直立地).ThislandingpositionisrareinChina'sspaceflighthistory.14.______Toachievethis,astronautsmustletgooftheparachute(降落傘)withprecisetiming.Landinguprightmakessur