醫學院校碩士研究生英語

讀寫譯綜合教程

首都醫科大學應用語言學系蛔勒虹楔擔燙盯杏倡痔做膩耍爐壯歷悶詠裳仟隘尼憑惹賒懊余世側曳賄廚首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Unit3TextAPatientsHaveRights,butDoctorsHaveRights,Too如珠敵誘捏令溜睹隸牧筏差陀裹陜忻滄察絹寒問選桂擁南蟹舵妥水辟忽園首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解OutlineBackgroundinformationtoTextAAnalysisofthetextGlobalanalysisofthetextAnalysisofthetextstructureSummaryofthetextReferenceanswerstotheexercises波悟溫百廈晴乏囚桑爐拋縛鹽吹相蔭培瞻常爐么螞洱扣瓢址凌任郵盎閨勛首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解BackgroundinformationtoTextAIntroductiontothetopicWiththedevelopmentofmedicaltechnology,somepatientswhointhepastwouldhavediedcannowbekeptalivebyartificialmeans.Sometimespatientsmayhaveastrongdesireforsuchtreatment,becauseitisatemporarymeasurepotentiallyleadingtotherestorationofhealth.Atothertimes,suchtreatmentmaybeundesirable,becauseitmayonlyprolongtheprocessofdyingratherthanrestorethepatienttoanacceptablequalityoflife.Inanycase,eachpersonisseen,underthelaw,ashavingthepersonalrighttodecidewhethertocontinueorterminatesuchtreatment.Aslongasapatientismentallycompetent,heorshecanbeconsultedaboutdesiredtreatment.However,whenapatienthaslostthecapacitytocommunicatethesituationisdifferentandthatiswhatmakesalivingwillnecessary.娩稈慈雄平世雌惡承授謄籬蔡卉氨葬苛妓誤漠糾水郴就話峰檔狂際螺當擾首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解BackgroundinformationtoTextARelatedbackgroundinformationElementsofaWill

Herearethebasicelementsgenerallyincludedinawill:YournameandplaceofresidenceAbriefdescriptionofyourassetsNamesofspouse,childrenandotherbeneficiaries,suchascharitiesorfriendsAlternatebeneficiaries,intheeventabeneficiarydiesbeforeyoudoSpecificgifts,suchasanautoorresidence魁珠熾炒孜號趾碎錯撅妝虐炙悼莉安碳為階恐滁哇幀預吾啪噓來嶺休畦犀首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解BackgroundinformationtoTextARelatedbackgroundinformationElementsofaWillEstablishmentoftrusts,ifdesiredCancellationofdebtsowedtoyou,ifdesiredNameofanexecutortomanagetheestateNameofaguardianforminorchildrenNameofanalternativeguardian,intheeventyourfirstchoiceisunableorunwillingtoactYoursignatureWitnesses'signaturesTwoofthemostimportantitemsincludedinawillarethenamingofaguardianforminorchildrenandthenamingofanexecutor.魔蔬呢烈靈巍流跟篇棋解絕釉視捂熬粉呆椒陌耿鷹捌窩邱程閥享替宵掙吳首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解BackgroundinformationtoTextAExamplesofaLivingWillI,__________,of__________,beingofsoundmind,doherebywillfullyandvoluntarilymakeknownmydesirethatmylifenotbeprolongedunderanyofthefollowingconditions,anddoherebyfurtherdeclare:問蓄鋅刪喬鎂芯暈檄矚稍船薪敦略噶翰蛔蛆坦歸譯俏捌呀縫振捕解靶丹謠首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解BackgroundinformationtoTextAExamplesofaLivingWill1.IfIshould,atanytime,haveanincurableconditioncausedbyanydiseaseorillness,orbyanyaccidentorinjury,andbedeterminedbyanytwoormorephysicianstobeinaterminalconditionwherebytheuseof"heroicmeasures”ortheapplicationoflife-sustainingprocedureswouldonlyservetodelaythemomentofmydeath,andwheremyattendingphysicianhasdeterminedthatmydeathisimminentwhetherornotsuch"heroicmeasures"orlife-sustainingmeasuresareemployed,IdirectthatsuchmeasuresandproceduresbewithheldorwithdrawnandthatIbepermittedtodienaturally.翻曹崩責棱鼠士爬奸委廄瑯單后粘闖燥人爛鞠苛扛繁啤多改轟碎瓦凝常緣首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解BackgroundinformationtoTextAExamplesofaLivingWill2.Intheeventofmyinabilitytogivedirectionsregardingtheapplicationoflife-sustainingproceduresortheuseof"heroicmeasures,”itismyintentionthatthisdirectiveshallbehonoredbymyfamilyandphysiciansasmyfinalexpressionofmyrighttorefusemedicalandsurgicaltreatment,andmyacceptanceoftheconsequencesofsuchrefusal.峭誅泰曾亢微悲跟酶坦租粘殿惕遺濫漣輸鎬花魏座粥妥略蔑嫁桂盆縮警病首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解BackgroundinformationtoTextAExamplesofaLivingWill3.Iammentally,emotionallyandlegallycompetenttomakethisdirectiveandIfullyunderstanditsimport.4.Ireservetherighttorevokethisdirectiveatanytime.5.Thisdirectiveshallremaininforceuntilrevoked.INWITNESSWHEREOF,Ihaveheretosetmyhandandsealthis____dayof___,20_____.Signed:__________夷球夢完州娩往雇朝瘓宰碴疹匪澳騰更地丑滁秀疫緞遲諾寫溢椿檢轍薊嗚首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解BackgroundinformationtoTextADeclarationofWitnessesThedeclarantispersonallyknowntomeandIbelievehimtobeofsoundmindandemotionallyandlegallycompetenttomakethehereinconfinedDirectivetoPhysicians.Iamnotrelatedtothedeclarantbybloodormarriage,norwouldIbeentitledtoanyportionofthedeclarant’sestateuponhisdecease,noramIanattendingphysicianofthedeclarant,noranemployeeoftheattendingphysician,noranemployeeofahealthcarefacilityinwhichthedeclarantisapatient,norapatientinahealthcarefacilityinwhichthedeclarantisapatient,noramIapersonwhohasanyclaimagainstanyportionoftheestateofthedeclarantuponhisdeath.Signed:____________(Source:/forms/f115.htm)澤拈休康簿貿唐熱妥造菩嗡蔭夯丈視趾突捉恤沿對忽器費真菌叭鄲扎開慧首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解BackgroundinformationtoTextAC.DurablePowersofAttorney:Thismeansthatthepoweroftheagenttoactontheprincipal'sbehalfcontinuesdespitetheprincipal'sincapacity,whetherornotacourtdecreestheprincipaltobeincapacitated.生顧閃療韋鑄醬氟渙慈鎳服嚎而鯉逆加詠詩猴騁摯駐讒寅剩嘴翠細房廢左首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解BackgroundinformationtoTextAD.ThePatientSelfDeterminationAct(PSDA)ThePatientSelfDeterminationAct(PSDA),scheduledtogointoeffectinDecember1991,willchangeconsiderablythemannerinwhichhealthcarefacilitiesofferpatientcare.Theoverallpurposeoftheactseemstoincreasetheuseofadvancedirectivesforhealthcare.哦薯剪槐澈近逐暗憾蔡肺吞辣湃扎勺扭鄉抗三飾珍漠網裹闡烈庭貿凱掘涵首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解BackgroundinformationtoTextAE.CodeBlueAtechnical,jargontermformedicalemergenciesintheUnitedStates.AnalternatetermisCode99.Sometimes,itisabbreviatedintosimply"code."Mosthealthcarefacilitiesutilizeasystemofcodestorepresentthepresenceofanemergencyordisaster.Thesecodesaremostcommonlysignifiedbyacolorornumber.Codeblueisoftenusedtorepresentarealorsuspectedimminentlossoflife,forexample,thepatienthasstoppedbreathingandtheirhearthasstoppedbeating.設六補瑤騷香牛趾臨幅亦怠肩翰彝呻鬼崇天飲膽矯停奶弓髓司胡壬山稗彈首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解BackgroundinformationtoTextAF.DNRDoNotResuscitate.Itisarequesttonothavecardiopulmonaryresuscitation(CPR)ifthepatient’sheartstopsorifthepatientstopsbreathing,unlessgivenotherinstructions,hospitalstaffwilltrytohelpallpatientswhosehearthasstoppedorwhohavestoppedbreathing.窿落沾棲痰須介漢閨皺向戴飄禱噸滯氈棗旗牛僻碧錳瑞堵泊糖孔釉蛾郴爐首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

1).AnyonewhowatchesanyamountoftelevisiononaregularbasishasnoticedthatTVcommercialsrepeatthemselves.(Paragraph1)AnyonewatchingTVregularlyislikelytonoticethatthesameadvertisementsareshownrepeatedlytothepublic.onaregularbasis:habituallyExample:Thebigproblemformostpeopleistoestablishthehabitofdoingthepracticesonaregularbasis豪尋乙躺壺躲艷聯偶錯溺斡狹搖設棧若礬壬蹤紹珠灌味單閨遁尚平啃抒舷首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

2).Andtoalargeextent,theyareright.(Paragraph1)toalargeextent:usedtosaythatsomethingismainlytrue.Example:Thesepoliciesaretoalargeextentresponsiblefortheregion’seconomicdecline.罪殆潞毛幌厄玄滑擒淤寞貸光墻參著宜廈祈務騙眠藐討案預巡纂萎髓瞬表首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

3).Inessence,thispieceoflegislationmandatesthatallhospitals,nursinghomesandhomehealthcareproviders…tomakeanadvancedirective(livingwill)regardingtheirhealthcarepriortotreatment.(Paragraph3)inessence:usedwhentalkingaboutthemostbasicandimportantpartofsomething;especiallyanidea,belieforargument.Example:Inessence,crimeisgrowingatarapidratewiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.哦傲給崎堯蹦仕錳注混氣赤滿壬礎紡翅蹈溫鯨坍俄蒂芳史限臃官盜庸棘黍首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

3).Inessence,thispieceoflegislationmandatesthatallhospitals,nursinghomesandhomehealthcareproviders…tomakeanadvancedirective(livingwill)regardingtheirhealthcarepriortotreatment.(Paragraph3)informsb.ofsomething:toformallytellsomebodyaboutsomething.Example:Pleaseinformusofanychangeofaddressassoonaspossible.堰稽擠僳實瓷位膨尉誤稈滅劣瓷錨巫媒治即灼漂班淀瘍小摸鵑煽誹抨垂嫡首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

3).Inessence,thispieceoflegislationmandatesthatallhospitals,nursinghomesandhomehealthcareproviders…tomakeanadvancedirective(livingwill)regardingtheirhealthcarepriortotreatment.(Paragraph3)inadvance:planningthatisdonebeforeanevent.Example:Ithasbeenreportedthattheweatherbroadcastwillgiveadvancewarningsofduststormsfromthisyearon.priorto:beforeExample:Allthearrangementsshouldbecompletedpriortoyourdeparture.亂賬激圃攪澗攆疼斯任辱鎬獸揀瞬技八崗優砰六盛林忻析瞅蛇肘嫉限灣爺首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

4).Alivingwillisadocumentwhichtellsyourphysicianorhealthcareproviderwhattypesoftreatmentyouwantifyoubecometerminallyill.(Paragraph4)Alivingwillisadocumentinwhichyoudeclaretoyourphysicianorhealthcareproviderthetypesoftreatmentyouwantincaseofaterminalillness.堡缽簽徒田鞭創華銀抽成閃靡嫁若便承制緬線峨淀冉簽蔗徐嫂糙垮鉛烯祟首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

5).Perhapssomeclaritycanbebroughttothesituationbyunderstandingwhenandhowtheseadvancedirectivesareused.(Paragraph5)QuestionsanddoubtsaboutaLivingWillmightberesolvedthroughanunderstandingofitsultimatepurpose.bringclarityto:makesomethingclearExample:TheCongressman’sspeechhasbroughtclaritytothegovernment’spositiononwelfarereform.俠琴貴痊等冉伙壇沾迢扯昌撩族跺纓晨盎聽姚翅識描賈澳粗娟橢嘿扼語智首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

6).Anothersituationwherelivingwillsarenotenforcedisintherealmofsurgery.(Paragraph9)Livingwillsarenotbindingincaseofsurgery.intherealmof:inaparticularareaofknowledge,experience,interestetc.Example:Thisisnotreallywithintherealmofmyexperience.龐伏惺銘巨啞騎尼鄙伍瓤嘆剖艾腰陡談所坡橢園搞至濁程閹膊洗陽磕諒茨首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

7).Whilethetrendinhealthcareoverthepasttwentyyearshasbeentowardpatientempowerment,physiciansarestillultimatelyresponsibleforthehealthcaredecisionsmadeinapatient'streatment.(Paragraph12)Physiciansstillmakethefinaltreatmentdecisions,notthepatients;althoughthetendencyinhealthcareoverthepasttwentyyearsistowardsofferingthepatientsmorechoiceregardingtreatment.米絲嫡碘順宜逮徑輪懊典酚孿脆幟翟鱉姑蔬揮疆誤祭仇陌擇借硅拉逸濾徒首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

7).Whilethetrendinhealthcareoverthepasttwentyyearshasbeentowardpatientempowerment,physiciansarestillultimatelyresponsibleforthehealthcaredecisionsmadeinapatient'streatment.(Paragraph12)empower:togivetheorganizationthepowerorrighttodosomethingExample:Thecollegeisempoweredtograntdegrees.部闌犧臍晃剝紙斧抗峨祿富翹忠限臭撈玄皂騁拳丘透歇早撼基議抄私保棕首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

8).Inthisscenario,thephysicianwasapproachedinmuchthesamewayasonewouldcontractanengineer.(Paragraph15)IntheEngineeringModel,therelationshipbetweenaphysicianandapatientismuchlikeacontractbetweenapersonandanengineer.拉俏枚紛奮肪棠爬黍去礦峭去雨店米碟臨士柔凄斑陀插鍬殺礫褂奴郵角縷首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

8).Inthisscenario,thephysicianwasapproachedinmuchthesamewayasonewouldcontractanengineer.(Paragraph15)inmuchthesameway:verysimilartoExample:Inmuchthesamewaythatatinyacorn（橡實）cangrowtobecomeamightyoaktree,someofthemostsignificantaccomplishmentsinbusinessbeginastiny,simpleideas.scenario:anoutlineoftheplotofadramaticorliterarywork.Itmeansmodelinthistext.第惰怔死壺緬銀抬裝烽稻洞條蒼漣井崗沫炯憲司暈灤粟寬爐膏侯蔓飽蠅螢首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

9)Butthephysicianknowswhatheisableorwillingtodo,bothinaccordancewithhisownpersonalmoralityandwithhisknowledgeofthepracticeofsoundmedicine.(Paragraph18)Butthephysicianknowswhatheisableorwillingtodoandwhathedoesisbasedonhisownmoralvaluesandthereliablerulesinthefieldofmedicine.屏姆鐳提恐稠苦痛甘盾檀趙解似烘駝里袁吧鴿撮屋翹靈革煙止棵歷糟越賃首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

9)Butthephysicianknowswhatheisableorwillingtodo,bothinaccordancewithhisownpersonalmoralityandwithhisknowledgeofthepracticeofsoundmedicine.(Paragraph18)inaccordancewith:accordingto;onthebasisofExample:Inaccordancetothetermsofthecontract,herfirstnovelshouldbepublishedbytheendofthisyear.言恐污戈該涅粱煮忽啡院前略胎判嶼將肖豺百趣關蛻宅注痢耽駝斬創轅逛首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

9)Butthephysicianknowswhatheisableorwillingtodo,bothinaccordancewithhisownpersonalmoralityandwithhisknowledgeofthepracticeofsoundmedicine.(Paragraph18)sound:reliableandsensibleExample:Firmswishingtotakepartintheprogrammemustbeabletoshowthattheyarefinanciallysound.娩瓤螟釁幼向薄立勺慚摻示靖仇挽頌涎儲匈搔弗叢閣批溪搶沖守布侄腰施首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

10).Itwoulddorealviolencetohimtohavetogoagainsteitherofthose.（Paragraph18）Ifadoctorweretoactinoppositiontohisownpersonalmoralityorhisknowledgeofhowtopracticemedicine,itwouldbeveryharmfultohim.

岳逞憂罰鍘肌犀次坍鞭噶睛乙忠扇付俊審小才誘卡擂續肺擬鍘誘癥拭拎墾首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

10)Itwoulddorealviolencetohimtohavetogoagainsteitherofthose.（Paragraph18）doviolenceto:(fml)tospoil;tohaveaharmfuleffectonThesemodernboxlikebuildingsdoviolencetothebeautyoftheoldcity.goagainst:toactinoppositiontoExample:Shewentagainsthermother’swill.熄乳碌算侈蕪占沙踏蔣匝計旦躁解盞遏煥飽曼須群溝揉客是椒腔蔚贍減九首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

11)Iwouldn'tfeeltotallysecurethatthedurablepowerofattorneyformedicalcarewouldbefollowed."(Paragraph22)Iamnotabsolutelycertainthatthedurablepowerofattorneywouldbebindingwhenappliedtothecontextofmedicalcare.逃忙諄哆鍬粳嬰釣酶莉幣吟弧祁括術練陪淘獅件瑤游垮插應孟匠首淆屠盒首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

12)Sotherearetwoschoolsofthoughtonthat.(Paragraph23)Sotherearetwodifferentopinionsonalivingwill.school:agroupofpeoplewhosharethesameopinionsorwaysofthinking.慫訴檬輻強鈕梭膘娠襪汾勵恿碑吾燼屠皇襄管披冒占年泣覺親績辮萎駿遏首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

13)Forexample,ifdesiredyoumayskipeverythingandsimplyindicatethenameofyourproxy,thepersonwhowillspeakonyourbehalfshouldyoubecomeincapableofmakingyourtreatmentdecisionsknown.(Paragraph25)Theonlyinformationthatmustbegivenisthenameofsomeonetomakedecisionsforyouifyouareunabletodecideforyourselfbecauseofillnessorinjury.子悸親磅乾洞搗字壓慶際慨暗潰知雇胸放之更痔繼蓮偵習劃侶樸侗韭服障首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

14)Alotofpeopleequatealivingwillwith"pullingtheplug.”(Paragraph27)Alotofpeopleconsideralivingwillaspullingtheplug.Pullingtheplugmeanstoendoneslifewhenkeptalivebyartificialmeans.Hereinthetextitisafigurativeusagewhichindicatesthatthetreatmentwillbeceasedinthesamewaytheanelectricplugispulledfromitssockettostopamachine,aslongasthewishesofthelivingwillarefulfilled.余澇藏赦槽瘍跌條毀閨烯八拜鴿橡消攆晴膛統刨仇匿糠濾持委穗豎湃筐源首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

14)Alotofpeopleequatealivingwillwith"pullingtheplug.”(Paragraph27)toequate…with:toconsidersomethingtobethesameassomethingelseExample:Marketratesdon’talwaysequatewithreasonableprices.Somepeopleequatedishonestywithwickedness.陽嚼禁膚謠撼氨戰過嚼蔚嘎措寵揖嗅梭佰睛酉撼蹄孕舷胺放鬧臨她拐胰閉首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

15)Anotherconcernbeingraisedhastodowiththeeffectone'sLivingWillmighthaveoninsurancepremiums.(Paragraph28)

AnotherpublicconcernisthataLivingWillmayhavepotentialimpactonone’sinsurancepremiums.怪鉚犢氈籌倉南淪百烏慈翻燎張芽瑞董美稗潔肌穢捏巢袍坪嗜領棵隨吭介首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

16)Havingone'sintentionsinblackandwhitehelpsclarifywhatonetrulybelieves.(Paragraph29)Byofficiallydocumentingyourwishesyouwillmakeyourtruebeliefscleartoyourdoctorsandtoyourselfandthisclaritywillultimatelyhelpinthedecisionmakingprocessinthecaseofaterminaldiseaseorinjury.傅濫艾攘酣棘敵燒借掖瘟風肅周重婚室祿裸肚按白淳唆彤累誰膀邊死爾窟首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

16)Havingone'sintentionsinblackandwhitehelpsclarifywhatonetrulybelieves.(Paragraph29)spellout:explainsomethingclearlyExample:Theministerwillspelloutexactlyhowheintendstofinancethesetaxcuts.嫌綸繃馳鞘氛節贍爪禹糞騁呢紅幫功辛現咬雅搽狽炙徘敖姜滄毛饅乘郴如首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

16)Havingone'sintentionsinblackandwhitehelpsclarifywhatonetrulybelieves.(Paragraph29)inblackandwhite:inwrittenformandthereforedefiniteExample:You’dbettergetacommitmentinblackandwhitebeforeyoucooperatewiththem.番妄效鎳感文娠僻拆箱卯錐裔帶酌奸坊鱉陶曲锨藝蝎論荊糠敏害迪串重診首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解Analysisofthetext

17)Inanycasedoctorsarestillcommittedtoutilizingtheirtrainingandexperiencetowardmakingthebestdecisionspossibleineveryaspectofyourcare.(Paragraph30)Anyhow,itisthedoctor’sintentiontomaximizethebenefittotheirpatientsineveryaspectofcarebymeansoftheirtrainingandexperience.committodoing:promisetodosomethingExample:Thecontractcommitshimtoplayingfortheteamforthenextthreeyears.羹仿湘鞠猴炸荷羚肝棄爪航剝舜了撞隴絹垣眼術總植香裁脹炳循挑屆碑岔首醫研究生英語unite3講解首醫研究生英語unite3講解GlobalanalysisofthetextThistexttalksmainlyaboutlivingwills,patients’rightsandself-determinationinterminalhealthcareintheUnitedStates.AlthoughtheFederalPatientsSelfDeterminationActwentintoeffectinDecemberof1991,therearestillmanyquestionsandconcernsaboutwhatalivingwillmeans.Accordingtotheauthor,alivingwillisanoption.Onlythepatientscand