Unit6EarthfirstUnderstandingIdeas—2023-2024學年高一英語外研版（2019）必修第二冊課時分層練【夯實基礎】知識點1現在分詞1.Isawhim______(work)inthegardenyesterday.2.Pleasesavewateranddon'tleaveit_____(run)allthetime.知識點2過去分詞3.Librarieswilloftenholdreadinggroupsessions_____(target)atvariousagegroups.4.Withallthevehicles_____(restrict)tothecity,peoplehadtocallofftheirtravelplans.5.WhenSnowWhitecametoherself,shefoundherself________(surround)bysevendwarfs(小矮人).【提升能力】6.Lookattheexampleonthe_____(幻燈片).7.Humanstakeinoxygenandbreatheout_____(碳)dioxide.8.Doyouknowtherealmeaningofthe_____(溫室)effect?9.It______(使驚恐)methinkingIhavetowalkthroughthewoodsinthedark.10.The_____(演講)willbeofspecialinteresttostudentswhomajorinhistory.【核心素養】ATheworld'sanimalpopulationshavedecreasedbymorethantwo-thirdssince1970,accordingtorecentresearchfromtheWorldWildlifeFund(WWF).TheLondongroupprovidedinformationon32,000wildlifepopulationswhichincludedmorethan5,000species.Theresearchersfoundthatpopulationsizeshadreducedby69percentonaverage.Theysaidthelossofforests,humanexploitation(開發)oftheenvironment,pollution,andclimatechangeweremajorcausesoftheloss.Land-usechangeisstillthebiggestthreattowildlife.However,theresearchersadded,"Ifwecannotlimitwarmingto1.5℃,climatechangeislikelytobecometheprimarycauseofbiodiversity(生物多樣性)lossinthecomingyears."WildlifepopulationsinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanSeaareaweregreatlyaffected.Theresearchshoweda94percentdropinthoseareasinover50years.Wildlifepopulationsinriverandlakehabitatsdecreasedthemost.Freshwaterpopulationshavereducedbyanaverageof83percentsince1970.Forexample,thepopulationofpinkriverdolphinsintheAmazonRiverareaofBrazilfellby65percentbetween1994and2016.Thesefindingsarearedflagthatwarnsofalargersystemfailureonthehorizon.Evenonespecies'populationreductioncanaffectotherspecies,eventuallyimpactingtheecosystem'sabilitytofunction.Humansdependonastableclimate,predictableweatherpatterns,andproductivefarmlandandfisheriestodevelop,butthecurrenttrendsaresevereenoughtothreatenmanylife-sustainingsystems.Ourfuturedependsonreversing(扭轉)thelossofnaturejustasmuchasitdependsonaddressingclimatechange.Andyoucan'tsolveonewithoutsolvingtheother.Everyoneplaysaroleinreversingthesetrends,fromindividualstocompaniestogovernments.Ifnothingchanges,animalpopulationswillundoubtedlycontinuetofall,drivingwildlifetoextinctionandthreateningthewholenessoftheecosystemsonwhichwealldepend.1.Whathasbeenthegreatestthreattowildlifepopulationsrecently?A.Illegalhunting. B.Globalwarming.C.Land-usechange. D.Environmentalpollution.2.HowdoestheauthorexplainthereductionoffreshwaterwildlifeinParagraph3?A.Bylistingfigures. B.Byanalyzingthecauses.C.Bymakingacomparison. D.Byreferringtoaconcept.3.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A.Climatechangethreatensmanywildanimals.B.Farmlandisthebasisoflife-sustainingsystems.C.Extremeweathereventshavebecomemorefrequent.D.Speciesvarietyisimportanttomaintainastableecosystem.4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Toexplainthedifficultyofrestoringecosystems.B.Tocallonpeopletotakeactiontoprotectnature.C.Topresenttheincreasingtrendofclimatechange.D.Toshowpeople'seffortsinmakingupforthelossofnature.BWhenIwaseightyearsold,IenteredanartcontesthostedbytheInternationalFundforAnimalWelfare(IFAW)andIwon.Iwassoexcited,butIdidn'tevenknowwhat"endangered"meantatthattime.Thatnight,Iaskedmymomandwefoundouttherewereover6,000endangeredspecies!Ifeltsadandangry.ItoldmymomIwouldliketohelpsavethemfromextinction.Sheaskedme,"How?"AndItoldhermyplan.ShesaidonceIpaintedten,she'dcreateaFacebookpageforme.Tomymom'ssurprise,Ihad10paintingsdonein5days.MyFacebookpagebecomesaplatformwhereIpublishnewworks,sharemyopinionsandraisepeople'senvironmentalawareness.Facebookreporterscametointerviewmeandwrotemystoryandthenmanyotherwebsitessharedit,makingmeshoottofameovernight.MyFacebookfollowersincreasedrapidlyandsomeofferedmemoneytoholdanartexhibition.OneofmypaintingswassoldattheWolfConservationCenteratauction(拍賣)for$25,000thissummer.Bytheageof13,Ihavecreatedmorethanthreehundredpaintingsofendangeredspecies.Iusemywebsitetosellthem,andIalsodonate(捐贈)themandauctionthemtoraisemoneytosupporttheorganizationsIworkwithlikeIFAW,theWolfConservationCenterinNewYorkandJaneGoodall'sRoots&Shoots.IdidalotofresearchbeforechoosingthoseorganizationsbecauseIwantedtomakesurethemoneyIdonatedwouldbeusedforprotectingwildlifeandtheirnaturalhomes.Thoseorganizationshavehelpedmydreamscometrue.UptonowIhavedonated$69,000,andmygoalis$100,000.Weallhaveanimportantroletoplayandifweworktogether,wewillchangetheworld.Weneedtobebraveandoriginal;weshouldstandoutandspeakup.Itisn'talwayseasyorpopularbutbeingtruetoourselvesisthebravestthingwecando.1.Whatplandidtheauthormostprobablytellhermother?A.Tofindoutthenumberofendangeredspecies.B.Toraisepeople'sawarenessofanimalprotection.C.ToestablishaFacebookpageforendangeredspecies.D.Tosellherpaintingstohelpsaveendangeredspecies.2.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedpart"shoottofame"inParagraph3?A.Highlystressed. B.Makeafortune.C.Widelyknown. D.Gowildwithdelight.3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor?A.Talentedandcaring. B.Patientandbrave.C.Independentandcreative. D.Friendlyandconcerned.4.Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor'sexperience?A.Weshouldlearntobemorecreative.B.Weshouldexpressouropinionsbravely.C.Weshouldraisemoneytosupportorganizations.D.Weshouldtryourbesttomaketheworldabetterplace.答案以及解析【夯實基礎】答案以及解析1.答案：working解析：句意:我昨天看到他在花園里工作。work與其邏輯主語him是主動關系，表示動作正在進行，需用現在分詞作賓語補足語，故填working。2.答案：running解析：句意:請節約用水，不要讓水一直流。run與其邏輯主語water間是主動關系，表示動作正在進行，需用現在分詞作賓語補足語，故填running。3.答案：targeted解析：考查過去分詞。句意:圖書館將經常舉辦針對不同年齡群體的讀書會。分析句子結構可知，句中已有謂語willhold，設空處應用非謂語動詞。由句意可知，設空處為非謂語動詞作后置定語。betargetedat為固定搭配，意為“以……為目標，針對……”，設空處作定語，因此要用過去分詞形式targeted。4.答案：restricted解析：句意:所有車輛被限制在市內通行，人們不得不取消出行計劃。restrict與其邏輯主語vehicles間是被動關系，故填restricted。5.答案：surrounded解析：考查過去分詞。句意：當白雪公主醒過來的時候，她發現自己被七個小矮人圍著。本空在句中作賓語補足語，且賓語herself與動詞surround之間為被動關系，故本空應用過去分詞作賓語補足語。【提升能力】6.答案：slide解析：句意:看看幻燈片上的例子。7.答案：carbon解析：句意:人類吸入氧氣，呼出二氧化碳。8.答案：greenhouse解析：句意:你知道溫室效應的真正含義嗎?9.答案：scares解析：句意:一想起我不得不在黑暗中走過那片樹林，我就感到害怕。10.答案：lecture解析：句意:歷史專業的學生會對這個演講特別有興趣。【核心素養】A答案：1-4CADB1.答案：C解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中的"Land-usechangeisstillthebiggestthreattowildlife.(土地利用變化仍然是野生動物面臨的最大威脅。)"可知，最近野生動物種群面臨的最大威脅是土地利用變化。故選C。2.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據第三段中的"Freshwaterpopulationshavereducedbyanaverageof83percentsince1970.Forexample...fellby65percentbetween1994and2016.(自1970年以來，淡水種群平均減少了83%。例如，從1994年到2016年，巴西亞馬孫河地區的粉紅河豚數量下降了65%。)"可推斷，作者主要通過列舉數字來解釋淡水野生動物的減少。故選A。3.答案：D解析：細節理解題。根據第四段中的"Evenonespecies'populationreductioncanaffectotherspecies,eventuallyimpactingtheecosystem'sabilitytofunction.(甚至一個物種的數量減少也會影響到其他物種，最終影響到生態系統的運作能力。)"可知，物種多樣性對維持穩定的生態系統很重要。故選D。4.答案：B解析：推理判斷題。文章最后一段提到"從個人到公司再到政府，每個人在扭轉這些趨勢方面都發揮著作用。如果沒有任何改變，動物的數量無疑將繼續下降，導致野生動物滅絕，并威脅到我們所有人賴以生存的生態系統的整體性"，結合全文對野生動物數量減少的介紹可推斷，本文的主要目的是呼吁人們采取行動保護自然。故選B。B答案：1-4DCAD1.答案：D解析：推理判斷題。根據第一段中的"ItoldmymomIwouldliketohelpsavethemfromextinction.Sheaskedme，'How?'AndItoldhermyplan."可知"我"告訴了母親"我"的幫助拯救瀕危物種的計劃。根據第二段內容及倒