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2017年12月大學英語四級考試真題及答案（第一套）

PartIWriting（25minutes）

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashort

easyonhowtobest

handletherelationshipbetweendoctorsandpatients.Youshouldwrite

atleast

120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

PartIIListeningComprehension（25minutes）

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheend

ofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenews

reportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,

youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)

andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasingle

linethroughthecentre.

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.A)HerfriendErika.C)Hergrandfather.

B)Herlittlebrother.D)Hergrandmother.

2.A)Bytakingpicturesforpassers-by.C)Bysellinglemonadeand

pictures.

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B)Byworkingparttimeatahospital.D)Byaskingforhelponsocial

media.

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.A)Findingcheaperwaysofhighwayconstruction.

B)Generatingelectricpowerforpassingvehicles.

C)Providingcleanenergytofivemillionpeople.

D)Testingtheefficiencyofthenewsolarpanel.

4.A)Theycanstandthewearandtearofnaturalelements.

B)Theycanbelaidrightontopofexistinghighways.

C)Theyareonlyabouthalfaninchthick.

D)Theyaremadefromcheapmaterials.

Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Endlessfightingintheregion.C)Inadequatefundingfor

research.

B)Thehazardsfromthedesert.D)Thelackofcluesaboutthespecies.

6.A)Toobservethewildlifeinthetwonationalparks.

B)Toidentifythereasonsforthelions’disappearance.

C)TostudythehabitatoflionsinSudanandEthiopia.

D)Tofindevidenceoftheexistenceofthe“lostlions”.

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7.A)Lionswalking.C)Somecampingfacilities.

B)Lions’tracks.D)Trapssetbylocalhunters.

SectionB

Directions：Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Atthe

endofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththe

conversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouheara

question,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),

B),C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1with

asinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.A)Her‘luckybirthday’.C)Herweddinganniversary.

B)Acallfromherdad.D)Aspecialgiftfromtheman.

9.A)Gaveherabigmodelplane.C)Tookheronatripoverseas.

B)Boughtheragoodnecklace.D)Threwherasurpriseparty.

10.A)Thegiftherhusbandhasbought.

B)Thetripherhusbandhasplanned.

C)Whathasbeentroublingherhusband.

D)Whatherhusbandandthemanareupto.

11.A)Hewillbegladtobeaguideforthecouple’sholidaytrip.

B)Hewilltellthewomenthesecretifherhusbandagrees.

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C)Heiseagertolearnhowthecouple’sholidayturnsout.

D)Hewantstofindoutaboutthecouple’sholidayplan.

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Theyaresensitivetothedynamicsofanegotiation.

B)Theyseetheimportanceofmakingcompromises.

C)Theyknowwhentoadoptatoughattitude.

D)Theytaketherival’sattitudeintoaccount.

13.A)Theyknowhowtoadapt.C)Theyknowwhentomake

compromises.

B)Theyknowwhentostop.D)Theyknowhowtocontroltheir

emotion.

14.A)Theyarepatient.C)Theylearnquickly.

B)Theyaregoodatexpression.D)Theyupholdtheirprinciples.

15.A)Makeclearone'sintentions.C)Formulateone'sstrategy.

B)Clarifyitemsofnegotiation.D)Gettoknowtheotherside.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendof

eachpassage,youwill

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hearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbe

spokenonly

once.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfrom

thefour

choicesmarkedA),B),C),D).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

Answer

Sheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A)WhenAmerica'searliestspaceprogramstarted.

B)WhentheInternationalSpaceStationwasbuilt.

C)Howmanyspaceshuttlemissionstherewillbe.

D)HowspaceresearchbenefitspeopleonEarth.

17.A)Theyaccuratelycalculatedthespeedoftheorbitingshuttles.

B)Theydevelopedobjectsforastronautstouseinouterspace.

C)Theytriedtomeetastronauts'specificrequirements.

D)Theytriedtomakebestuseofthelatesttechnology.

18.A)Theyareextremelyaccurate.C)Theywerefirstmadeinspace.

B)Theyareexpensivetomake.D)Theywereinventedinthe1970s.

Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

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19.A)ItwaswhenherancestorscametoAmerica.

B)Peoplehadplentyoflandtocultivatethen.

C)Itmarkedthebeginningofsomethingnew.

D)Everythingwasnaturalandgenuinethen.

20.A)Theybelievedinworkingforgoals.C)Theyhadallkindsof

entertainment.

B)Theyenjoyedlivingalivingalifeofease.D)Theywereknownto

becreative.

21.A)Chattingwithherancestors.C)Polishingallthesilverwork.

B)Furnishinghercountryhouse.D)Doingneedleworkbythefire.

Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Useamaptoidentifyyourlocation.C)Sitdownandtrytocalm

yourself.

B)Callyourfamilyorfriendsforhelp.D)Trytofollowyourfootprints

back.

23.A)Youmayfindawayoutwithoutyourknowingit.

B)Youmayexposeyourselftounexpecteddangers.

C)Youmaygetdrownedinasuddenflood.

D)Youmayendupenteringawonderland.

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24.A)Lookforfood.C)Startafire.

B)Waitpatiently.D)Walkuphill.

25.A)Informsomebodyofyourplan.C)Checkthelocalweather.

B)Prepareenoughfoodanddrink.D)Findamapandacompass.

PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youare

requiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgivenina

wordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybefore

makingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Please

markthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasingle

linethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmore

thanonce.

Aratorpigeonmightnotbetheobviouschoicetotendtosomeone

whoissick,butthesecreatureshavesome26skillsthatcouldhelpthe

treatmentofhumandiseases.

Pigeonsareoftenseenasdirtybirdsandanurban27,buttheyarejust

thelatestinalonglineofanimalsthathavebeenfoundtohaveabilitiesto

helphumans.Despitehavingabrainnobiggerthanthe28ofyourindex

finger,pigeonshaveaveryimpressive29__memory.Recentlyitwas

shownthattheycouldbetrainedtobeasaccurateashumansatdetecting

breastcancerinimages.

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Ratsareoften30withspreadingdiseaseratherthan31it,butthis

long-tailedanimalishighly32.Insidearat'snoseareupto1,000different

typesofolfactoryreceptors（嗅覺感受器）,whereashumansonlyhave100

to200types.Thisgivesratstheabilitytodetect__33smells.Asaresult,

someratsarebeingputtoworktodetectTB（肺結核）.Whentheratsdetect

thesmell,theystopandrubtheirlegsto34asampleisinfected.

Traditionally,ahundredsampleswouldtakelabtechniciansmorethan

twodaysto35,butforaratittakeslessthan20minutes.Thisratdetection

methoddoesn'trelyonspecialistequipment.Itisalsomoreaccurate—the

ratsareabletofindmoreTBinfectionsand,therefore,savemorelives.

A)associatedI)slight

B)examineJ)specify

C)indicateK)superior

D)nuisanceL)suspicious

E)peakM)tip

F)preventingN)treated

G)prohibitingO)visual

H)sensitive

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithten

statementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninone

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oftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationis

derived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphis

markedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorresponding

letteronAnswerSheet2.

DoIn-ClassExamsMakeStudentsStudyHarder?

Researchsuggeststheymaystudymorebroadlyfortheunexpected

ratherthansearchforanswers.

[A]Ihavealwaysbeenapoortest-taker.Soitmayseemratherstrange

thatIhavereturnedtocollegetofinishthedegreeIleftundonesomefour

decadesago.IammakingmywaythroughColumbiaUniversity,

surroundedbystudentswhoquicklysupplytheverbalanswerwhileIam

stillprocessingthequestion.

[B]Sincethereisnowayformetoavoidexams,Iamcurrently

questioningwhatkindarethemosttaxingandultimatelybeneficial.Ihave

alreadysweatedthroughnumerousin-classmidtermsandfinals,andnowI

haveaprofessorwhoissuestake-homeones.IwasexcitedwhenIlearned

this,figuringIhadafullweektodotheresearch,readthetexts,andwriteit

allup.Infact,Iwasstillrewritingmymidtermthemorningitwasdue.To

sayIhadlostthethreadisputtingitmildly.

[C]AsIwassufferingthroughmyweekofanxiety,overthinkingthe

materialandguessingmygraspofit,Ididsomeofmyownpollingamong

studentsandprofessors.DavidEisenbach,whoteachesapopularclasson

U.S.presidentsatColumbia,prefersthein-classvariety.Hebelieves

studentsultimatelylearnmoreandencouragesthemtoformstudygroups.

“Thatwaytheysocializeoverhistoryoutsidetheclass,whichwouldn’t

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happenwithoutthepressureofanin-classexam,”heexplained,

“Furthermore,in-classexamsforcestudentstolearnhowtoperformunder

pressure,andessentialworkskill.”

[D]Healsosaysthereislesschanceofcheatingwiththein-class

variety.In2012,125studentsatHarvardwerecaughtupinascandalwhen

itwasdiscoveredtheyhadcheatedonatake-homeexamforaclassentitled

“IntroductionToCongress.”Somecollegeshavewhattheycallan“honor

code,”thoughifyouaresmartenoughtogetintotheseschools,youare

eithersmartenoughtogetaroundanycodesorhopefully,tooethicalto

considerdoingso.AsIsatblockedandcluelessfortwosoliddays,I

momentarilywonderedifIcouldn’tjustcallanexpertonthesubjectmatter

whichIwastackling,orsomeonewhotooktheclasspreviously,togetme

going.

[E]FollowingtheHarvardscandal,MaryMiller,theformerdeanof

studentsatYale,madeanimpassionedappealtoherschool’sprofessorsto

refrainfromtake-honeexams.“Studentsriskhealthandwellbeing,aswell

asperformanceinotherend-of-termwork,whenfacultyofferstake-home

examswithoutclear,time-limitedboundaries,”shetoldme.“Researchnow

showsthatregularquizzes,shortessays,andotherassignmentsoverthe

courseofatermbetterenhancelearningandretention.”

[F]Mostcollegeprofessorsagreethekindofexamtheychooselargely

dependsonthesubject.Aquantitative-basedone,forexample,isunlikelyto

besenthome,whereonecouldasktheirolderbrothersandsisterstohelp.

Vocational-typeclasses,suchascomputerscienceorjournalism,onthe

otherhand,areoftenmoreresearch-orientedandlendthemselvesto

take-hometesting.ChrisKoch,whoteaches“HistoryofBroadcast

Journalism”atMontgomeryCommunityCollegeinRockville,Maryland,

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pointsoutthatreportingisaboutinvestigationratherthanthememorization

ofminutedetails.“Inmyfield,it’snotwhatyouknow—it’swhatyouknow

howtofindout,”saysKoch.“Thereiswaytoomuchinformation,andmore

comingallthetime,foranyonetoremember.Iwantmystudentstosearch

outtheanswerstoquestionsbyusingalltheresourcesavailabletothem.

[G]Students’test-formpreferencesvary,too,oftendependingonthe

subjectandcoursedifficulty.“Iprefertake-homeessaysbecauseitisthen

reallyaboutthewriting,soyouhavetimetoeditanddomoreresearch,”

saysElizabethDresser,ajunioratBarnard.Thenthereisthestressfactor.

FrancescaHaass,asenioratMiddlebury,says,“Ifindthein-classonesare

morestressfulintheshortterm,butthereisimmediatereliefasyouswallow

informationlikemad,andthenyougettoforgetitall.Take-homesrequire

thoughtfulengagementwhichcanleadtolongertermstressasthereisnever

amomentwhenthetimeisup.”Meanwhile,OliviaRubin,asophomoreat

Emory,saysshehardlyevenconsiderstake-homestrueexams.“Ifyou

understandthematerialandhavetheabilitytoarticulate(說出)your

thoughts,theyshouldbeabreeze.”

[H]Howstudentsultimatelyhandlestressmaydependontheir

personaltest-takingabilities.Therearepeoplewhoalwayswaituntilthelast

minute,andmakeitmuchharderthanitneedstobe.Andthentherethose

who,notknowingwhatquestionsarecomingatthem,andhavingno

resourcestoreferto,canfreeze.Andthentherearewerarefolkswhofit

boththosedescriptions.

[I]Yes,myadvancedagemustfactorintotheequation(等式),inpart

becauseofmyinabilityto

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accesstheinformationasquickly.Asanotherreturningstudentat

Columbia,KateMarber,told

me,“Wearelearningnotonlyallthisinformation,butessentiallyhow

tolearnagain.Our

fellowstudentshavejustcomeoutofhighschool.Alothaschanged

sincewewerelastin

school.”

[J]Ifnothingelse,thesituationhasgivenmycollegesonandme

somethingtoshare,WhenI

askedhisopiniononthismatter,heresponded,“Ilikein-classexams

becausethetimeis

alreadyreserved,asopposedtousingmyfreetimeathometoworkon

atest,”heresponded.

Itseemstomethatacompromisewouldbereceivingtheexam

questionsadayortwoin

advance,andthendoingtheactualtestinclassthetickingclock

overhead.

[K]Betteryet,howaboutwhatoneHunterCollegeprofessor

reportedlydidrecentlyforherfinal

exam:Sheencouragedtheclassnottostressorevenstudy,promising

that,“Itisgoingtobea

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pieceofcake.”Whenthestudentscamein,sharilpseinnehdanpde,nc

therewasnotablue

bookinsight.Rather,theysawalargechocolatecakeandtheyeach

weregivenaslice.

36.Elderlystudentsfindithardtokeepupwiththerapidchangesin

education.

37.Somebelievetake-homeexamsmayaffectstudents'performancein

othercourses.

38.Certainprofessorsbelievein-classexamsareultimatelymore

helpfultostudents.

39.In-classexamsarebelievedtodiscouragecheatinginexams.

40.Theauthorwashappytolearnshecoulddosomeexamsathome.

41.Studentswhoputofftheirworkuntilthelastmomentoftenfindthe

examsmoredifficultthan

theyactuallyare.

42.Differentstudentsmaypreferdifferenttypesofexams.

43.Mostprofessorsagreewhethertogiveanin-classoratake-home

examdependsontypeof

coursebeingtaught.

44.Theauthordroppedoutofcollegesomefortyyearsago.

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45.Somestudentsthinktake-homeexamswilleatuptheirfreetime.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageis

followedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthem

therearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthe

bestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2witha

singlelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thatpeopleoftenexperiencetroublesleepinginadifferentbedin

unfamiliarsurroundingsisaphenomenonknownasthe“first-night”effect.

Ifapersonstaysinthesameroomthefollowingnighttheytendtosleep

moresoundly.YukaSasakiandhercolleaguesatBrownUniversitysetout

toinvestigatetheoriginsofthiseffect.

Dr.Sasakiknewthefirst-nighteffectprobablyhassomethingtodo

withhowhumansevolved.Thepuzzlewaswhatbenefitwouldbegained

fromitwhenperformancemightbeaffectedthefollowingday.Shealso

knewfrompreviousworkconductedonbirdsanddolphinsthatthese

animalsputhalfoftheirbrainstosleepatatimesothattheycanrestwhile

remainingalertenoughtoavoidpredators(捕食者).Thisledhertowonder

ifpeoplemightbedoingthesamething.Totakeacloserlook,herteam

studied35healthypeopleastheysleptintheunfamiliarenvironmentofthe

university’sDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.Theparticipantseach

sleptinthedepartmentfortwonightsandwerecarefullymonitoredwith

techniquesthatlookedattheactivityoftheirbrains.Dr.Sasakifound,as

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expected,theparticipantssleptlesswellontheirfirstnightthantheydidon

theirsecond,takingmorethantwiceaslongtofallasleepandsleepingless

overall.Duringdeepsleep,theparticipants’brainsbehavedinasimilar

mannerseeninbirdsanddolphins.Onthefirstnightonly,theleft

hemispheres(半球)oftheirbrainsdidnotsleepnearlyasdeeplyastheir

righthemispheresdid.

Curiousifthelefthemisphereswereindeedremainingawaketo

processinformationdetectedinthesurroundingenvironment,Dr.Sasaki

re-rantheexperimentwhilepresentingthesleepingparticipantswithamix

ofregularlytimedbeeps(蜂鳴聲)ofthesametoneandirregularbeepsofa

differenttoneduringthenight.Sheworkedoutthat,ifthelefthemisphere

wasstayingalerttokeepguardinastrangeenvironment,thenitwouldreact

totheirregularbeepsbystirringpeoplefromsleepandwouldignorethe

regularlytimedones.Thisispreciselywhatshefound.

46.Whatdidresearchersfindpuzzlingaboutthefirst-nighteffect?

A)Towhatextentitcantroublepeople.C)Whatcircumstancesmay

triggerit.

B)Whatroleithasplayedinevolution.D)Inwhatwayitcanbe

beneficial.

47.WhatdowelearnaboutDr.YukaSasakidoingherresearch?

A)Shefoundbirdsanddolphinsremainalertwhileasleep.

B)Shefoundbirdsanddolphinssleepinmuchthesameway.

C)Shegotsomeideafrompreviousstudiesonbirdsanddolphins

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D)Sheconductedstudiesonbirds’anddolphins’sleepingpatterns.

48.WhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenshefirstdidherexperiment?

A)Shemonitoredthebrainactivityofparticipantssleepinginanew

environment.

B)Sherecruited35participantsfromherDepartmentofPsychological

Sciences.

C)Shestudiedthedifferencesbetweenthetwosidesofparticipants’

brains.

D)Shetestedherfindingsaboutbirdsanddolphinsonhumansubjects.

49.WhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenre-runningherexperiment?

A)Sheanalyzedthenegativeeffectofirregulartonesonbrains.

B)Sherecordedparticipants’adaptationtochangedenvironment.

C)Sheexposedherparticipantstotwodifferentstimuli.

D)Shecomparedtheresponsesofdifferentparticipants.

50.WhatdidDr.Sasakifindabouttheparticipantsinherexperiment?

A)Theytendedtoenjoycertaintonesmorethanothers.

B)Theytendedtoperceiveirregularbeepsasathreat.

C)Theyfeltsleepywhenexposedtoregularbeeps.

D)Theydifferedintheirtoleranceofirregulartones.

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PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

It’stimetoreevaluatehowwomenhandleconflictatwork.Being

overworkedorover-committedathomeandonthejobwillnotgetyou

whereyouwanttobeinlife.Itwillonlyslowyoudownandhinderyour

careergoals.

Didyouknowwomenaremorelikelythanmentofeelexhausted?

Nearlytwiceasmanywomenthanmenages18-44reportedfeeling“very

tired”or“exhausted”,accordingtoarecentstudy.

Thismaynotbesurprisinggiventhatthisistheagerangewhenwomen

havechildren.It'salsotheagerangewhenmanywomenaretryingto

balancecareersandhome.Onereasonwomenmayfeelexhaustedisthat

theyhaveahardtimesaying"no."Womenwanttobeabletodoitall

volunteerforschoolpartiesorcookdeliciousmeals-andsotheiranswerto

anyrequestisoften“Yes,Ican.”

Womenstruggletosay“no”intheworkplaceforsimilarreasons,

includingthedesiretobelikedbytheircolleagues.Unfortunately,this

inabilitytosay"no"maybehurtingwomen'sheathaswellastheircareer.

Attheworkplace,menuseconflictasawaytopositionthemselves,

whilewomenoftenavoidconflictorstrivetobethepeacemaker,because

theydon'twanttobeviewedasaggressiveordisruptiveatwork.For

example,there’saproblemthatneedstobeaddressedimmediately,

resultinginadisputeovershouldbetheonetofixit.Menaremorelikelyto

facethatdisputefromtheperspectiveofwhatbenefitsthemmost,whereas

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wom