第一課時名詞、冠詞1.名詞名詞是歷年中考的重要考點，常常出現在完形填空、語法填空題型中。名詞部分主要考查:①名詞的數(可數與不可數、單數與復數)②名詞和冠詞的搭配③抽象名詞的具體化④名詞的詞性變化⑤名詞的詞義辨析C高頻考點突破考點1名詞的數1.可數名詞的復數(1)規則變化情況方法例詞一般情況加一sstudents,teachers,doctors,tables以s,x,ch,sh結尾加一esglasses,dishes,boxes,watches,但stomach復數形式直接加s,即stomachs以輔音字母+y結尾變y為i再加一esfamilies,babies,armies,bodies以元音字母+y結尾加一sboys,toys以f或fe結尾多變f或fe為v,再加一esthieves,wives,knives,shelves,lives少數加一Sbeliefs,proofs,roofs,chiefs以。結尾通制）口—Sradios,videos,zoos,tobaccos有的加一esheroes,potatoes,tomatoes【名師指津】①以一o結尾的下列名詞要加一es：“黑人英雄愛吃土豆、西紅柿"，即Negroes,heroes,potatoes,tomatoeso②以一f或一fe結尾的名詞需要把f或fe去掉，加一ves：“為了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿著刀子和樹葉站在架子上，把狼劈成兩半"，即selves,lives,thieves,wives,knives,leaves,shelves,wolves,halveso⑵不規則變化自身變化的名詞child孩子一children,man男人—men,tooth牙—teeth,foot腳;英尺一feet,mouse老鼠一mice,phenomenon現象一phenomena,medium傳播媒介一media單復數同形名詞Chinese中國人；sheep綿羊;deer鹿；series系列；means方式；works工廠；fish魚；fruit水果等。其中fish,fruit表示種類時，可加復數詞尾，即fishes,fruits合成名詞son—in—law一sons—in—law,passer-by一passers-by,story—teller—>story—tellersEverypossiblemeanshasbeentried,butnonehasworked.每一種可能的方式都已經被嘗試了,但是沒有起作用的。考點2名詞所有格.一's所有格：①and連接的并列名詞表示各自的所有關系時，要分別在并列名詞后加一's或'；表示共同的所有關系時，只在最后一個名詞后加一七或，②表示店鋪、辦公室或某人的家時，名詞所有格后被修飾的名詞一般省略。Tom,sandJim'srooms湯姆和吉姆（各自）的房間TomandJim'sroom湯姆和吉姆（共同）的房間atthebarber's在理發店.of所有格：無生命的事物的名詞通常用of所有格表示所有關系；名詞短語或有定語修飾的有生命的名詞也常用of所有格。thecontentofthenovel小說的內容thenameofthegirloverthere那邊那位女孩的名字.雙重所有格：“名詞+of+名詞所有格”或“名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞”。aplayofShakespeare^莎士比亞的一個戲劇aphotoofmine我的一張照片隨堂練習考點1名詞辨析一、填空題boughtasilkttomatchdad'ssuitlastweek..Yesterdayitsnowedsoheavilythatmycarwasoutofcandhitatreebytheroad..Jennifertakesalotofexerciseeverydayandsheisalwaysfullofe（精力）..一What'stheresultofyour（discuss）?一I'dliketohearyouropinions..Thewinspringcanchangeveryquickly,sometimesterriblycoldandsometimesverywarm..Healwaysmakesmanyeforbeinglateforschool..（口十子）falloffthetreesintheautumn..OurEnglishteachergaveusabrief（介紹）tothesubjectinclass..Sophiaworksalldaywithoutab.ItDsbetterforhertoslowdown.10.Theyhadan（agree）nevertotalkaboutworkathome.11.Theysawagroupof（child）playingononesideofthemountains.二、單項選擇l.Besuretoreadthecarefullyfirstbeforeyoutakethemedicine.A.notice B.introductionsConstructions D.instruments.Thedoctorsaid/'Theisabigsuccess.ShewillbeOKsoonthoughsheisveryweaknow.^^A.speech B.operationC.war D.match.一MayIhaveyourthatyouwon'ttellanybodyaboutthis?一Noproblem.Tilkeepthesecret.A.attention B.advice C.order D.promise.Theofthistree'sleavesturnspurplewhenotherschangetheirsfromgreentoyellow.A.size B.shape C.color D.style.Tonyalwayslikes.Heisintheschooltennisteamandplaysverywell.A.music B.sport C.art D.computer考點2名詞復數一、填空題.Picture1isdifferentfromPicture2.Thereareafewdbetweenthem..ChinesepeoplehavecelebratedtheDragonBoatFestivalfor（世紀）..Thepersonsthatyouinvitetoyourhousearecalledg.4.1cuttheappleintogandgavethemtomyparentsandtwocousins.5.Lindaenjoysdancing.It'soneofherh.考點3、名詞所有格一.用所給單詞的正確形式填空①I'vegotatoothache,soIneedtogotothe(dentist).②It'snotfarfromhere.It'sonlyfive(rninute)walk.?YesterdayImetafriendofmy(father).④(mother)DayisonthesecondSundayofMayeveryyear.5.Thewallpaperwithcartoonpatternsisidealformy(son)room.6.1n1920,the(world)firstthree-colortrafficlightwasputtouse.隨堂練習一、填空題.Peopledressedupasanimals,monstersandothercreatures,andtheytold(story)throughtheiracting..TheUnitedNationsisaninternationalorganization,whichismeanttoencourage(country)toworktogetherondifferentopinionswithouttheuseofwar..Myfavorite(發明)areEdisonandKarlBenz..Thesechildrenworkdirectlywithartistsonacertainart(工程)..Childrenunder1.2metersin(高度)takebusesfreelyinthiscountry.nChina,youwillfindallkindsofoxfiguresmadeofgold,wood,(塑料),paper,andstoneonsaleinstoresandonstreetstocelebratethereturn..Her18-yearprofessionalcareerendedon(二月)3rd,2018..Gamesandinteresting(activity)arenecessaryfortheoccasionandenthusiastshavesharedmanynewideastomakethecelebrationmoreinteresting.nsummer,wehavetwomholiday.ItisinJulyandAugust..Foryours,pleasewaitbehindtheyellowlinewhenthesubwaytraincomes..YearsofphysicalexercisehasmadeZhongNanshaningood(健康狀況).121mreallygladtoreceiveyour(邀請).冠詞冠詞是中考考必考熱點，以考查冠詞在具體語境中的正確使用為主，把冠詞結合名詞一起考查。①冠詞的泛指、特指②在形容詞和副詞比較級前的用法③固定搭配a/an+

單數名詞a/an+

單數名詞the+單數名詞Ahorseisenough.表數量a=oneAhorseisalargefour-leggedanimal.強調類別中任何一個的特點Ithinkthemostusefulanimalisthehorse.強調整個類別零冠詞+復數名詞或不可數名詞Horsesareusefulanimals.(強調類別中的許多個體)Musiccanbringpeoplepleasure.［特指中總單數名詞/復數名詞/不可數麗會高頻考點突破考點1冠詞的分類和基本用法冠詞分為不定冠詞(a/an)、定冠詞(the)和零冠詞(不用冠詞)。冠詞的泛指和特指泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物，也可以指說話雙方心目中所默認的特定的人或事物。注意:①判斷一個詞前用a還是an,是根據其讀音，而不是根據其字母。我們可以這樣記憶:不見元音不加an,不看字母看發音。②在26個字母中,前面用an的字母有坦?加上5中,0,0氏其他用a。③要注意區別以“u"開頭的單詞:當"u”發/a/音時前用an,如:anumbrella,anunusualstory,anunhappyboy;當"u"發/ju：/音時前用a,$D:auniversity,ausefulbooko.用冠詞a或an填空①hour②Europeancountry③④"s"⑤orange⑥unusualstory⑦island(§)newbike⑨e-mail⑩importantinvention11.usefulbook122NBAplayerI3.eight-year-oldgirl14.honestperson.1.EdwenttostudyartinParisandbecameartist..Yourbestfriendistellingyoujoke,butyoucan*tcatchit!.Andmyfatherisengineer.Heisbusyeveryday,buthetriestospendmoretimewith.Butfishliveinverydifferentworldfromus.5.LiWenliveswithhisgrandparentsinthecountryside.Heis14-year-oldboy.6.1twasfirstdevelopedinChinaaswushu,butit'sbecomingoneofmostpopularsportsaroundtheworld.7.Butwithsocial-distancing（社交總巨離）rulesinUnitedStates,manysummercampsfacedifficultdecisions.8.Forfirsttimeinhislife,MrHappylosthissmile.9.1tookhimtocomputerinmyroomandsaid,"Righthere.^^lO.Somehadpracticedwithprivatechessteachers,butTanihadpracticedonfloorofthehomelessshelteralone.考點2冠詞的常見搭配1.下列情況用零冠詞不可數名詞和復數名詞表泛指時Animalscan'tlivewithoutwater.Horsesarehelpfulanimals.某些專有名詞（如人名、地名、國家名等）、物質名詞和抽象名詞表示泛指時Chinaisagreatcountry.MarylivesinNewYork.Paperismadefromwood.名詞刖已有才旨不代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格等修飾時EverystudentlikesEnglishinourclass.在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前ThisisProfessorLi.在三餐、球類運動及學科名詞之前Iwenttoschoolwithoutbreakfastthismorning.Heoftenplaysfootballafterschool.由“專有名詞+普通名詞”構成的表示街名、路名、山名等的詞前NanjingRoadHainanIsland與by連用的交通工具名稱前bycar,bytrain在節假日名稱前NewYear'sDay,Women'sDay2.在某些固定詞組和習慣用語中用零冠詞。如：dayafterday一天天地;facetoface面對面地;sidebyside肩并肩地;handinhand手拉手;frombeginningtoend自始至終;dayandnight日日夜夜;soonerorlater遲早;husbandandwife夫妻;athome在家;bymistake錯誤地;atfirst起初;atlast最后;atonce立刻;atnoon在中午;atwork在工作;ontime準時;insurprise驚奇地;atnight在晚上;onfoot步行;onbusiness因公出差；onholiday在度假；inclass在課上；gohome回家;forexample例如；goshopping/swimming/boating/fishing去買東西/游泳/戈U船/釣魚二.知識拓展有定冠詞和無定冠詞的區別fgotoschool去上學（是學生）（Igototheschool到學校去（不一定是學生）fattable在吃飯latthetable在桌子旁fatschool在上學（lattheschool在學校里（inclass在上課（4）《（intheclass在班級里⑸jinfrontof在（外部的）前面[inthefrontof在（內部的）前面bysea乘船Ibythesea在海邊pnprison在坐牢lintheprison在監獄（不一定是犯人）“Jbyday在白天Lbytheday按天計算隨堂練習一、填空題1.1wasverygladtoseemymotherandsistersittinginsecondrow..Also,Ireallywanttotrythefoodthere-especiallygazpacho,kindofcoldsoupwhichIhearisspecial,verydifferentfromanythingelseinSpain..Somehadpracticedwithprivatechessteachers,butTanihadpracticedonfloorofthehomelessshelteralone..Annatooktheballandthenhadtry.Theboyswatchedinsurpriseastheballwentstraightintothebasket.Josephhaswr