《現(xiàn)代大學英語中級寫作》，徐克容，外語教學與研究出版社英語寫作中級（上）課程教案=1\*ROMANI授課題目：UnitOneWeLearnAsWeGrow一、教學目的、要求：（一）掌握：1、Tolearnthebasicsofexemplication:→Definition→Kindsofexamples→Sourcesofexamples2、Tolearntooutlineexpositiveessays知識點：→Thedefinitionandintroductionofexpositionandessay.→Expositionisexplanatorywriting.It’spurposeistoexplainorclarifyapoint.→Anessayisarelatedgroupofparagraphswrittenforsomepurpose（二）熟悉:→Practicethebasicsofexemplification→Practiceoutlining知識點：→Patternsofexposition,thechoiceofexamples,thechoiceofappropriateexamples,theorganizationofanexemplificationessay:→Typesofessays,basicstructuresofanexpositiveessay,elementsoftheexpositiveessay→Typesofoutline,rulesconcerningoutline（三）了解：→Patternsofexposition,typesofessays,typesofoutlineprocessanalysis,cause-effectanalysis,Comparisonandcontrast,classification,definitionandanalogy，narrativeessays,descriptiveessays,expositiveessaysandargumentativeessays二、教學重點及難點：重點：Exemplification,typesofoutline；難點：Sentenceoutlineandtopicoutline三、課時安排：共4課時四、授課方式：講授、課堂快速閱讀練習、課堂提問、寫作實踐講解五、教學基本內(nèi)容第一課Exemplification第一課ElementsoftheEssay:Outlining六、參考書目：《英語寫作手冊》，《美國大學英語寫作》七、作業(yè)和思考題：第一次：Readonthesubjectandwriteanexamplepaperof200-250wordsonthegiventopic.第二次：Readonthesubjectandwriteanessayof200-250wordsonthegiventopic,usingeitherasingleextendedexampleortwoorthreeshortonestodevelopyourthesisstatement.第三次：Askstudentstopracticeoutlining八、課后小結(jié)：Emphasisonthewritingprocedure→Prewriting-choosingatopicandexploringideas→Drafting:gettingyourideasonpaper→Revising:strengtheningyouressay→Editingandproofreading:eliminatingtechnicalerrors=2\*ROMANII授課題目：UnitTwoIMadeIt一、教學目的、要求：（一）掌握：1、Tolearnthebasicsofprocessanalysis→Definition→Uses→Types→Methods2、Tolearntowritethesisstatement知識點：→Thedefinitonandintroductionofprocessanalysis→Thefunctionofprocessanalysis→Thedifferencesbetweenthesisstatementvs.topicsentence（二）熟悉:→Theareastheprocessanalysisisusuallyused.知識點:→Functionsofprocessanalysis:givinginstructions,givinginformationandgivingthehistory→Majortypesofprocessanalysis:directiveanalysis,informativeprocessanalysis→Drafting:gettingyourideasonpaper→Revising:strengtheningyouressay→Editingandproofreading:eliminatingtechnicalerrors授課題目：FourWhatMakestheDifferences一、教學目的、要求：（一）掌握：1、TolearnthebasicsofComparisonandContrast→Definition→Uses→Patterns→Methods2、Tolearntodevelopthebodyofexpositiveessays→Whatitsstructurelookslike?→Whatitincludes知識點：→ThedefinitonandintroductionofComparisonandContrast→Thefunctionofcause-effectanalysis→Thewritingofeffectiveintroduction（二）熟悉:→Thefunctionsandareasthecomparison/contrastisusuallyused.,thegeneralstructureofthebodyofanessay知識點:→Functionsofcomparison/contrast:clarifyingsomethingunknown,bringingoneorbothofthesubjectintosharpershape→Threepatternsofcomparison/contrast:subjectbysubject,pointbypoint,mixedsequence→Familiarityofthegeneralstructureofthebodyofanessay（三）了解：ThebasicsofComparisonandContrastandthegeneralstructureofthebodyofanessay二、教學重點及難點：重點：Threepatternsofcomparison/contrast:subjectbysubject,pointbypoint,mixedsequenceGeneralstructureofthebody:Beginning,BodyandEnd難點：Howtoorganizeacomparison/contrastessay,Howtodevelopbodyparagraphs三、課時安排：共4課時四、授課方式：講授、課堂快速閱讀練習、課堂提問、寫作實踐講解五、教學基本內(nèi)容第四課Comparison/Contrast第四課Partsoftheessay:TheBody六、參考書目：《英語寫作手冊》，《美國大學英語寫作》七、作業(yè)和思考題：第一次：Readonthesubjectandwriteasubject-by-subjectessayofcomparison/contrastonanyofthegiventopics第二次：Readonthesubjectandwriteapoint-by-pointessayofcomparison/contrastonanyofthegiventopics第三次：Askstudentstopractisewritingthebodyoftheessay八、課后小結(jié)：Emphasisonthewritingprocedure→Prewriting-chossingatopicandexploringideas→Drafting:gettingyourideasonpaper→Revising:strengtheningyouressay→Editingandproofreading:eliminatingtechnicalerrors授課題目：UnitFiveItTakesAllSortstoMakeaWorld一、教學目的、要求：（一）掌握：1、TolearnthebasicsofClassification→Definition→Uses→Methods2、Tolearntowritetheconclusionofexpositiveessays→Whatisclassification?→Whatisclassificationusedfor?知識點：→Thedefinitonandintroductionofclassification→Thefunctionofclassification→Thewritingofeffectiveclassification（二）熟悉:→Thefunctionsandareastheclassificationisusuallyused.,theconclusionofexpositiveessays知識點:→Functionsofclassification:ToorganizeandperceivetheworldaroundusTopresentamassofmaterialbymeansofsomeorderlysystemTodealwithcomplexorabstracttopicsbybreakingabroadsubjectintosmaller,neatlysortedcategories.→Thegeneralpatternofclassification→sentencepatternsinclassification→Familiarityofthetheconclusionofexpositiveessays（三）了解：Thefunctionsandareastheclassificationisusuallyused.,theconclusionofexpositiveessays二、教學重點及難點：重點：somesentencepatternsinclassificationtheconclusionofexpositiveessays難點：Partsoftheconclusion:asummaryofthemainpoints,orrestatementsofyourthesisindifferentwork.三、課時安排：共4課時四、授課方式：講授、課堂快速閱讀練習、課堂提問、寫作實踐講解五、教學基本內(nèi)容第五課classification第五課Partsoftheessay:Theconclusion六、參考書目：《英語寫作手冊》，《美國大學英語寫作》七、作業(yè)和思考題：第一次：Readonthesubjectandwriteaclassificationessayonanyofthegiventopics第二次：Writeanessayof200-250wordsonanyofthegiventopics.第三次：Askstudentstopractisewritingtheconclusionoftheessay八、課后小結(jié)：Emphasisonthewritingprocedure→Prewriting-chossingatopicandexploringideas→Drafting:gettingyourideasonpaper→Revising:strengtheningyouressay→Editingandproofreading:eliminatingtechnicalerrors授課題目：UnitSixWhatDoesItMean一、教學目的、要求：（一）掌握：1、TolearnthebasicsofDefinition→Definition→Types→MethodsofOrganization2、Tolearntowritethetitleofexpositiveessays→Whatisdefiniton→Typesofdefinition知識點：→TheStandard/FormalDefinition→TheConnotative/PersonalDefinition→TheExtendedDefinition（二）熟悉:→Thefunctionsandareasthedefinitionisusuallyused.,thetitleofexpositiveessays知識點:→Functionsandpatternsofdefinition:→TheStandard/FormalDefinitionisusedtoexplainatermorconceptyouraudienceorreadermaynotknoworunderstand,→TheConnotative/PersonalDefinitionisusedtoexplainanywordorconceptthatdoesn’thavethesamemeaningforeveryone.→TheExtendedDefinitionisusedtoexploreatopicbyexaminingitsvariousmeaningsandimplications.（三）了解：HowtowriteanextendeddefinitionHowtoorganizeanextendedessay二、教學重點及難點：重點：FunctionsandpatternsofdefinitionHowtowriteanextendeddefinitionHowtowritethetitleofanexpositiveessay難點：HowtoorganizeanextendedessayHowtowritethetitleofanexpositiveessay三、課時安排：共4課時四、授課方式：講授、課堂快速閱讀練習、課堂提問、寫作實踐講解五、教學基本內(nèi)容第六課definition第六課Partsoftheessay:TheTitle六、參考書目：《英語寫作手冊》，《美國大學英語寫作》七、作業(yè)和思考題：第一次：Readonthesubjectandwriteadefinitionessayonanyofthegiventopics第二次：Writeanessayof200-250wordsonanyofthegiventopics.第三次：Askstudentstopractisewritingthetitleoftheessay八、課后小結(jié)：Emphasisonthewritingprocedure→Prewriting-choosingatopicandexploringideas→Drafting:gettingyourideasonpaper→Revising:strengtheningyouressay→Editingandproofreading:eliminatingtechnicalerrorsUnitSixTaskOneDefinitionIWhatisdefinition?Intalkingwithotherpeople,wesometimesofferinformaldefinitionstoexplainjustwhatwemeanbyaparticularterm.Thatis,toavoidconfusionormisunderstanding,wehavetodefineaword,term,orconceptwhichisunfamiliartomostreadersoropentovariousinterpretations.Suppose,forexample,wesaytoafriend:”Forrestisreallyaninconsiderateperson.”Wemightthenexplainwhatwemeanby“inconsiderate”bysaying,“Heborrowedmyaccountingbookovernightbutdidn’treturnitforaweek.AndwhenIgotitback,itwascoveredwithcoffeestains.Definitionistheexplanationofthemeaningofawordorconcept,anditisalsoamethodofdevelopinganessay.II.ThewaystodefineawordortermTherearethreebasicwaystodefineawordortermA.TogiveasynonymForexample:‘Tomendistorepair.”O(jiān)r“Afellowisamanoraboy.”B.Touseasentence(oftenwithanattributiveclause)Forexample,inkmaybedefineinasentence:“Inkiscoloredwaterwhichweuseforwriting.”C.TowriteaparagraphorevenanessayButasynonymyorasentencecannotgiveasatisfactorydefinitionofanabstracttermwhosemeaningiscomplex.Wehavetowriteaparagraphoranessaywithexamplesornegativeexamples(whatthetermdoesnotmean),withanalogiesorcomparisons,withclassificationorcause-effectanalysis.III.Whenwegiveadefinition,weshouldobservecertainprinciples:First,weshouldavoidcirculardefinitions.“Democracyisthedemocraticprocess.”And“astronomerisonewhostudiesastronomy”arecirculardefinition.Second,weshouldavoidlonglistsofsynonymsifthetermtobedefinedisanabstractone.Forexample:Byimagination,Imeanthepowertoformmentalimagesofobjects,thepowertoformnewideas,thegiftofemployingimagesinwriting,andthetendencytoattributerealitytounrealthings,situationsandstates.(pickingupwords,expressionsfromadictionary,inthehopethatonewillhit)Third,weshouldavoidloadeddefinition,Loadeddefinitionsdonotexplaintermsbutmakeanimmediateappealforemotionalapproval.Adefinitionlike:’Bystateenterprise,Imeanhighcostandpoorefficiency.”isloadedwithpejorativeemotionalconnotation.Conversely,“Bystateenterprise,Imeanoneofthegreatblessingofdemocraticplanning”isloadedwithfavorableemotionalconnotation.Suchjudgementscanbevigorioustoadiscussion,buttheyleadtoargument,notclarification,whenofferedasdefinition.IV.TypesofdefinitionStandard/Formaldefinitiondenotationisaword’score,direct,andliteralmeaning.Connotative/PersonalmeaningExplainswhatyoumeanbyacertaintermorconceptthatcouldhavedifferentmeaningsforothers.Ontheotherhand,connotationistheimplied,suggestedmeaningofaword;itreferstotheemotionalresponsestimulatedbyassociationsthewordcarrieswithit.ForAmericans,Watergateisassociatedwithapoliticalscandalthatmeansdishonesty.Andmorewordsarecreatedwiththesuffix—gatetomeansomescandalinEnglishnow,thus,IranGate,IntelligenceGateDogs,inChineseculture,maybequiteanegativeimage.Itisinsultingtocallsomeoneadog.Whataboutthewesternpeople?Intheireyes,dogislovelyandhasgoodassociatedmeanings.Theysay“Loveme,lovemydog.”ImperialismmeanstousChinesequitenegative.Someofthewesternpeoplemaybeproudofbeingimperialandimperialismitself.Peopleeverywheremayalsosharesomeconnotationsforsomewords.Theyaregeneralconnotations.Mothermeanslove,care,selfless,etc.Let’sgetthegangtogetherforapartytonight.(agroup)Don’tgoaroundwiththatgangoryou’llcometonogood.(degradedgroupofpeopleorgroupofcriminals)Connotationcanmakeallthedifference.Itisthemirrorofyourattitude.Extendeddefinitionisanessaylengthpieceofwritingusingthismethodofdevelopment.V.Howtowriteanextendeddefinition

Follow4rulesforagooddefinition:1.Don’tusethewords“when“‘where”,givingadefinition.Acommonpracticeistodefinethenounwithanoun,adjectivewithadjectiveandsoon.2.Remember,thatdefinitionisnotarepetition.3.Usesimpleandwell-knownterminyourexplanation.4.Pointoutthedistinguishingfeaturesoftheterm.UnitSixTaskTwo:TheTitleWhatistitle?Atitleisaverybriefsummaryofwhatyourpaperisabout.Itisoftennomorethanseveralwords.Youmayfinditeasiertowritethetitleafteryouhavecompletedyourpaper.Atitlemaybeaphrasewhichcanindicateatopicofinterest(i.e.yourfocus)andatthesametimepointtowardsaparticularkindofdiscussion(yourmodeofargument).Accordingly,yourtitleneedsnotonlytoindicatewhattheessaywillbeabout,butalsotoindicatethepointofviewitwilladoptconcerningwhateveritisabout.ThepurposeofthetitleTogivethereaderanideaofwhattheessayisaboutToprovidefocusfortheessayToarousethereader’sinterestHowtowriteagoodtitleMakeitclear,conciseandpreciseUseaphraseratherthanasentenceExcludeallextrawordsOtherrulestoobeyCenteritatthetopofthefirstpage.UsenoperiodattheendorquotationmarksCapitalizethefirstandlastwordsCapitalizeallotherwordsexceptarticles(a,the)thetoininfinitivesprepositionscontainingonesyllablecoordinatingconjunctions(and,but,or,etc)Atitleleads,butapoortitlemisleads.Besurethatitisappropriate.Besides,becarefulwiththecapitalization.Writeanappropriatetitleforeachoftheintroductoryparagraphsthatfollow.Title:_____ReactionstoDisappointment___________________BenFranklinsaidthattheonlysurethingsinlifearedeathandtaxes.Heleftsomethingout,however:disappointment.Noonegetsthroughlifewithoutexperiencingmanydisappointments.Strangely,though,mostpeopleseemunpreparedfordisappointmentandreacttoitinnegativeways.Theyfeeldepressedortrytoescapetheirtroublesinsteadofusingdisappointmentsasanopportunityforgrowth.Title:____AnnoyingPeople_____________________PresidentRichardNixonusedtokeep“enemieslist”ofallthepeoplehedidn’tespeciallylike.Iamashamedtoconfessit,butI,too,haveanenemieslist—amentalone.OnthislistarethepeopleIwouldgladlylivewithout,theoneswhocausemybloodpressuretorisetotheboilingpoint.Thetopthreeplacesonthelistgotopeoplewithannoyingnervoushabits,peoplewhotalkinmovietheatres,andpeoplewhotalkoncarphoneswhiledriving.Title:___TheMeaningofMaturity______________________Beingamaturestudentdoesnotmeanbeinganold-timer.Maturityisnotmeasuredbythenumberofyearsapersonhavelived.Instead,theyardstickofmaturityismarkedbythequalitiesofself-denial,determination,anddependability.Title:_____CollegeStress____________________Jack’sheartpoundsashecastspanickylooksaroundtheclassroom.Hedoesn’trecognizetheprofessor,hedoesn’tknowanyofthestudents,andhecan’tevenfigureoutwhatthesubjectis.Infrontofhimisatest.Atthelastminutehisroommateawakenshim.It’sonlyanotheranxietydream.TheveryfactthatdreamslikeJack’sarecommonsuggeststhatcollegeisastressfulsituationforyoungpeople.Thecauseofthisstresscanbeacademic,financial,andpersonal.Title:__HowtoComplain_______________________I’mnotjustaconsumer—I’mavictim.IfIorderaproduct,itissuretoarriveinthewrongcolor,sixe,orquantity.IfIhirepeopletodorepairs,theyneverarriveonthedayscheduled.IfIoweabill,thecomputerisboundtooverchargeme.Therefore,inself-defense,Ihavedevelopedthefollowingconsumer’sguidetocomplainingaffectively授課題目：UnitSevenTheInsightIGained一、教學目的、要求：（一）掌握：1、TolearnthebasicsofAnalogy→Definition→Uses→MethodsofOrganization2、Tolearntousetransition