7定期租船合同7.1、合同當(dāng)事人合同當(dāng)事人需作出規(guī)定，并應(yīng)訂明合同雙方的名稱，主營(yíng)業(yè)地或居所。7.2、船舶描述7.2.1、描述的主要內(nèi)容蘇伊士運(yùn)河噸位、及巴拿馬運(yùn)河噸位、主機(jī)的燃油消耗量（特別是降低轉(zhuǎn)速后的實(shí)際消耗量）、減載后的實(shí)際載重量、在航時(shí)和在港作業(yè)時(shí)發(fā)電機(jī)的柴油實(shí)際消耗量、燃油艙的容積、壓載水艙容積、艙口個(gè)數(shù)、艙蓋類型、各艙的尺寸、淡水造水機(jī)造水量、吊貨楊的類型及安全負(fù)荷、各層甲板的實(shí)際安全負(fù)荷、船艙的結(jié)構(gòu)等。DescriptionofVessel

NamexxxxxxxxFlagxxxxxxxxBuiltxxxxxxxx(year).

PortandnumberofRegistryxxxxxxxxClassedxxxxxxinxxxxxxDeadweightxxxxxxlong/metrictons(cargoandbunkers,includingfreshwaterandstoresnotexceedingxxxxxxlong/metrictons)onasaltwaterdraftofxxxxxonsummerfreeboard.

Capacityxxxxxcubicfeetgrainxxxxxcubicfeetbalespace.

TonnagexxxxxGT/GRT.

Speedaboutxxxxxknots,fullyladen,ingoodweatherconditionsuptoandincludingmaximumForcexxxxxontheBeaufortwindscale,onaconsumptionofaboutxxxxlong/metrictonsofxxxxx

Deleteasappropriate.

ForfurtherdescriptionseeAppendix"A"(ifapplicable)7.2、船舶描述7.2.2、船舶描述的法律地位7.2.3、船舶主要規(guī)范的描述（1）船名①替代船②在租期內(nèi)船舶被出租人轉(zhuǎn)賣：“船舶所有人轉(zhuǎn)讓已經(jīng)租出的船舶的所有權(quán)，定期租船合同約定的當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利和義務(wù)不受影響，但應(yīng)及時(shí)通知承租人。船舶所有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓后，原租船合同由受讓人和承租人繼續(xù)履行”。（我國(guó)《海商法》，第138條）7.2、船舶描述（2）船旗（3）船舶適航保證①合同中的船舶適航規(guī)定2.Deliverythevesselonherdeliveryshallbereadytoreceivecargowithclean-sweptholdsandtight,staunch,strongandineverywayfittedforordinarycargoservice,havingwaterballastandwithsufficientpowertooperateallcargo-handlinggearsimultaneously.②法律上的船舶適航要求“出租人在交付船舶時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)做到謹(jǐn)慎處理，使船舶適航。交付的船舶應(yīng)當(dāng)適于約定的用途。出租人違反前款規(guī)定的，承租人有權(quán)解除合同，并有權(quán)要求要求賠償因此遭受的損失”（我國(guó)《海商法》第132條）在英國(guó)普通法下：7.2、船舶描述③船級(jí)（4）載重量和艙容（5）船速和油耗7.2、船舶描述1）關(guān)于船速和油耗描述條款的法律地位保證條款2）船速計(jì)算與索賠A計(jì)算原則船速：船舶相對(duì)于水的速度航速：船舶相對(duì)于海底或岸上固定物的速度。航速等于船速與洋流速度、風(fēng)速的向量之各。船舶滿載狀態(tài)(Fullladen)和空載狀態(tài)(ballast)對(duì)船速是有影響的。2）船速計(jì)算與索賠

風(fēng)速和海浪是影響航速的重要因素。風(fēng)力不超過(guò)蒲氏(Beaufort)4級(jí)(最大風(fēng)速16海里/小時(shí)）,海浪不超過(guò)道格拉斯(Douglas)3級(jí)(浪高3~5英尺）。確定良好天氣還應(yīng)考慮船舶噸位的大小。當(dāng)合同中對(duì)船速規(guī)定有“約”數(shù)時(shí)，通常應(yīng)理解允許減慢半節(jié)(0.5knot),或減慢5%。7.2、船舶描述B、計(jì)算方法a.計(jì)算出合同規(guī)定的良好天氣下的實(shí)際平均船速b.計(jì)算公式：時(shí)間損失=（合同船速-實(shí)際平均船速）×總航行時(shí)間（小時(shí)）/合同船速c.對(duì)計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行修正二、船舶描述例1：某船共航行7281海里，用了607.83小時(shí)。經(jīng)查航海日志計(jì)算，合同規(guī)定的良好天氣下的實(shí)際平均船速為13.14節(jié)，合同規(guī)定船速為14.5節(jié)±0.5節(jié).首先將合同船速修正為最低允許值,即14節(jié),時(shí)間損失=(14-13.14)×607.83/14=37.3假設(shè)日租金為5000美元/天,則船速索賠額為:37.3÷24×5000=7770.8美元.7.2、船舶描述3）燃油索賠A燃油索賠的含義一是出租人誤述船舶燃油消耗量和燃油等級(jí)，導(dǎo)致船舶實(shí)際燃油消耗超過(guò)合同描述的消耗量，承租人就超過(guò)合同規(guī)定消耗的燃油向出租人進(jìn)行索賠。二是承租人使用了劣質(zhì)燃油造成船舶機(jī)器損壞，出租人就該項(xiàng)損壞向承租人進(jìn)行索賠。9.Bunkers

(b)Thecharterersshallsupplybunkersofaqualitysuitableforburninginthevessel'senginesandauxiliariesandwhichconformtothespecification(s)assetoutinAppendixA.

TheownersreservetheirrighttomakeaclaimagainsttheCharterersforanydamagetothemainenginesortheauxiliariescausedbytheuseofunsuitablefuelsorfuelsnotcomplyingwiththeagreedspecification(s).additionally,ifbunkerfuelssupplieddonotconformwiththemutuallyagreedspecification(s)orotherwiseproveunsuitableforburningintheVessel'senginesorauxiliaries,theOwnersshallnotbeheldresponsibleforanyreductionintheVessel'sspeedperformanceand/orincreasedbunkerconsumption,norforanytimelostandanyotherconsequences.

7.2、船舶描述3）燃油索賠B導(dǎo)致燃油消耗增加的原因?qū)θ加拖牧考叭加偷燃?jí)的誤述來(lái)自低劣的油質(zhì)不正常的航行速度C燃油索賠的計(jì)算方法：燃油索賠額=（航次實(shí)際燃油總消耗量-航次燃油應(yīng)消耗總量）×燃油單價(jià)7.3、租期與轉(zhuǎn)租7.3.1租期（1）租期的規(guī)定方法租期為××個(gè)月。租期大約××個(gè)月。租期為××個(gè)月，或多或少××天，由承租人選擇。6months,10daysmortorlessatthecharterers’option.租期不超過(guò)××個(gè)月，不低于××月。Notmorethan18months,notlessthan12months.租期為××月到××月的必要時(shí)間以便完成航次。Theperiodnece××ssarytoperformthevoyagesuchas××to××months1DurationTheOwnersagreetoletandtheCharterersagreetohiretheVesselfromthetimeofdeliveryforaperiodofxxxxxxxxwithinbelow-mentionedtradinglimits.7.3、租期與轉(zhuǎn)租7.3.1租期（2）關(guān)于租期的延長(zhǎng)1）合法延長(zhǎng)及租金的支付標(biāo)準(zhǔn)合法延長(zhǎng)：租期屆滿時(shí)，允許承租人在合同規(guī)定的范圍內(nèi)延長(zhǎng)租期，以便其完成最后航次。超延長(zhǎng)期：合法延長(zhǎng)期會(huì)因惡劣天氣等不可抗力原因進(jìn)一步延長(zhǎng)。7.3、租期與轉(zhuǎn)租2）非法延長(zhǎng)及出租人的權(quán)利非法的延期：承租人安排的最后航次超過(guò)了合理的延長(zhǎng)期。3）非法延長(zhǎng)期的租金計(jì)算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（3）關(guān)于提前還船（4）出租人提前撤船1）出租人強(qiáng)行撤船：2002年中，Panamax型船舶的日租金在5000美元左右，到2003年中已經(jīng)上漲到10000美元左右，2003年底更飆升至30000多美元。Capesize型船舶的日租金2002年為7000美元左右，到2003年底已飆升至60000美元左右。2）租期中船舶所有權(quán)變更7.3、租期與轉(zhuǎn)租（二）轉(zhuǎn)租(sublet)“承租人可以將租用的船舶轉(zhuǎn)租，但是應(yīng)當(dāng)將轉(zhuǎn)租的情況及時(shí)通知出租人。租用的船舶轉(zhuǎn)租后，原租船合同約定的權(quán)利和義務(wù)不受影響”（我國(guó)《海商法》，第137條）18SubletUnlessotherwiseagreed,theCharterersshallhavethelibertysublettheVesselforalloranypartofthetimecoveredbythischarterParty,buttheCharterersremainresponsibleforthefulfillmentofthisCharterParty.7.4、交船地點(diǎn)7.4.1關(guān)于交船港口的范圍一是出租人要自負(fù)費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，將船開(kāi)到交船地點(diǎn)；二是船舶目前的位置的遠(yuǎn)近會(huì)影響到能否按時(shí)交船。7.4.2交船范圍的規(guī)定方法（1）用兩個(gè)港口或地區(qū)間的方法，“在新加坡至日本港口交船（2）用大的地理概念，“在中國(guó)港口交船”7.4、交船地點(diǎn)7.4.3具體交船地點(diǎn)的規(guī)定方法（1）onarrivalpilotstation,APS(onarrivalatthefirstpilotstation)（2）ontakinginwardpilot（3）onberthed（4）ondropoffpilotanamedport,DOP2.DeliveryThevesselshallbeplacedatthedisposaloftheCharterersatxxxxxx7.5、合法貨物7.5.1合法貨物的含義：裝貨港國(guó)家、卸貨港國(guó)家、船旗國(guó)及對(duì)租約有法律管轄權(quán)國(guó)家允許裝運(yùn)進(jìn)出口的貨物。7.5.2裝運(yùn)非法貨物的法律后果條件條款7.5.3關(guān)于裝運(yùn)危險(xiǎn)貨物7.5.4關(guān)于除外貨物(cargoexclusion)除外貨物：合同中明確的文字規(guī)定的禁止承租人使用該船運(yùn)輸?shù)呢浳铩?.DangerousCargo/CargoExclusions(a)thevesselshallbeemployedincarrylawfulmerchandiseexcludinganygoodsofadangerous,injurious,flammableorcorrosivenatureunlesscarriedinaccordancewiththerequirementsorrecommendationsofthecompetentauthoritiesofthecountryoftheVessel'sregistryandofportsofshipmentanddischargeandofanyintermediatecountriesorportsthroughwhosewaterstheVesselmustpass.Withoutprejudicetothegeneralityoftheforegoing,inadditionthefollowingarespecificallyexcluded:livestockofanydescription,arms,ammunition,explosives,nuclearandradioactivematerials,xxxxxxxx

4.DangerousCargo/CargoExclusions(b)inIMO-classifiedcargoisagreedtobecarried,theamountofsuchcargoshallbelimitedtoxxxxxxtonsandtheCharterersshallprovidetheMasterwithanyevidencehemayreasonablystowedinaccordancewithIMOregulations,failingwhichtheMasterisentitledtorefusesuchcargoor,ifalreadyloaded,tounloaditatthecharterers'riskandexpense..7.6、航行區(qū)域與安全港口7.6.1航行區(qū)域（1）規(guī)定航行區(qū)域的必要性1）船舶保險(xiǎn)人的限制2）船舶技術(shù)狀況限制3）政治因素4）戰(zhàn)區(qū)5）國(guó)際海運(yùn)勞工聯(lián)盟地區(qū)5.TradingLimits

Thevesselshallbeemployedinsuchlawfultradesbetweensafeportsandsafeplaceswithinxxxxxxxxexcludingxxxxxxxxasthecharterersshalldirect.7.6、航行區(qū)域與安全港口7.6.2安全港口和安全泊位（1）安全港口的責(zé)任歸屬（2）承租人港口安全責(zé)任的時(shí)間界限（3）保證港口安全的三個(gè)階段（4）非正常事件下承租人安全港口責(zé)任的免除Abnormaloccurrences:notinherentlyunsafe;isolated/extraneous/unforeseenable12.Berths

TheVesselshallbeloadedanddischargedinanysafedockoratanysafeberthorsafeplacethatCharterersortheiragentsmaydirect,providedtheVesselcansafelyenter,lieanddepartalwaysafloatatanytimeoftide.7.7、出租人維持船舶義務(wù)7.7.1出租人應(yīng)付費(fèi)用6.OwnerstoProvide

TheOwnersshallprovideanypayfortheinsuranceoftheVessel,exceptasotherwiseprovided,andforallprovisions,cabin,deck,engine-roomandothernecessarystores,includingboilerwater;shallpayforwages,consularshippinganddischargingfeesofthecrewandchargesforportservicespertainingtothecrew;7.7.2出租人維修船舶義務(wù)6.OwnerstoProvideshallmaintainthevessel'sclassandkeepherinathoroughlyefficientstateinhull,machineryandequipmentforandduringtheservice,andhaveafullcomplementofofficersandcrew.7.7.2出租人維修船舶義務(wù)

（1）維持船級(jí)（2）貨艙維持（3）裝卸設(shè)備36.CleaningofHoldsTheCharterersshallprovideandpayextraforsweepingand/orwashingand/orcleaningofholdsbetweenvoyagesand/orbetweencargoesprovidedsuchworkcanbeundertakenbythecrewandispermittedbylocalregulations,attherateofperhold.

Inconnectionwithanysuchoperation,theOwnersshallnotberesponsibleiftheVessel'sholdsarenotacceptedorpassedbytheportoranyotherauthority.TheCharterersshallhavetheoptiontore-delivertheVesselwithunclean/unsweptholdsagainstalumpsumpaymentofinlieuofcleaning.28.CargoGearandLights

TheOwnersshallmaintainthecargohandlinggearoftheVesselwhichisasfollows:providinggear(forallderricksorcranes)capableofliftingcapacityasdescribed.TheOwnersshallalsoprovideontheVesselfornightworklightsasonboard,butalladditionallightsoverthoseonboardshallbeattheCharterers'expense.7.7.2出租人維修船舶義務(wù)（4）入塢清理或修理19.Drydocking

TheVesselwaslastdrydocked…..

(a)TheOwnersshallhavetheoptiontoplacetheVesselindrydockduringthecurrencyofthisCharterataconvenienttimeandplace,tobemutuallyagreeduponbetweentheOwnersandtheCharterers,forbottomcleaningandpaintingand/orrepairasrequiredbyclassordictatedbycircumstances.

*(b)ExceptincaseofemergencynodrydockingshalltakeplaceduringthecurrencyofthisCharterParty.

*Deleteasappropriate."'

7.7.2出租人維修船舶義務(wù)（5）提供適任的干部船員義務(wù)ThemastershallbeconversantwithethEnglishlanguageand(althoughappointedbytheOwners)shallbeundertheordersanddirectionsoftheCharterersasregardsemploymentandagency;(b)IftheCharterersshallhavereasonablecausetobedissatisfiedwiththeconductoftheMasterorofficers,theOwnersshall,onreceivingparticularsofthecomplaint,investigatethesame,and,ifnecessary,makeachangeintheappointments.7.7.2出租人維修船舶義務(wù)7）償付墊付的費(fèi)用及利息(d)CashAdvances

CashfortheVessel'sordinarydisbursementsatanyportmaybeadvancedbytheCharterers,asrequiredbytheOwners,subjectto2.5percentcommissionandsuchadvancesshallbedeductedfromthehire.TheCharterers,however,shallinnowayberesponsiblefortheapplicationofsuchadvances

.

7.7.2出租人維修船舶義務(wù)（8）船舶全損時(shí)退回租金義務(wù)20.TotalLoss

ShouldtheVesselbelost,moneypaidinadvanceandnotearned(reckoningfromthedateoflossorbeinglastheardof)shallbereturnedtotheCharterersatonce.

7.8、營(yíng)運(yùn)費(fèi)用7.chartererstoprovide

thecharterers,whilethevesselinonhire,shallprovideandpayforallthebunkersexceptasotherwiseagreed;shallpayforportcharges(includingcompulsorywatchmenandcargowatchmenandcompulsorygarbagedisposal),allcommunicationexpensespertainingtotheCharterers'businessatcost,pilotages,towages,agencies,commissions,consularcharges(exceptthosepertainingtoindividualcrewmembersorflagoftheVessel),andallotherusualexpensesexceptthosestatedinClause6,7.chartererstoprovidebutwhentheVesselputsintoaportforcausesforwhichtheVesselisresponsible(otherthanbystressofweather),thenallsuchchargesincurredshallbepaidbytheOwners.FumigationsorderedbecauseofillnessofthecrewshallbefortheOwners'account.FumigationsorderedbecauseofcargoescarriedorportsvisitedwhilethevesselisemployedunderthisCharterPartyshallbefortheCharterers'account.AllotherfumigationsshallbefortheCharterers'accountafterthevesselhadbeenoncharterforacontinousperiodofsixmonthsormore.7.chartererstoprovideThecharterersshallprovideandpayfornecessarydunnageandalsoanyextrafittingsrequisiteforaspecialtradeorunusualcargo,buttheOwnersshallallowthemtheuseofanydunnagealreadyaboardtheVessel.PriortoredeliverytheCharterersshallremovetheirdunnageandfittingsattheircostandintheirtime.

7.9、交還船的存油規(guī)定（1）交還燃油的數(shù)量（2）存油價(jià)格（3）存油款的支付（4）承租人對(duì)船上存油的財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)（5）交還船存油量不足的索賠9.Bunkers

(a)theCharterersondelivery,andtheOwnersonredelivery,shalltakeoverandpayforallfuelanddieseloilremainingonboardtheVesselashereunder.Thevesselshallbedeliveredwith:

xxxxxxlong/metrictonsoffueloilatthepriceofxxxperton;xxxxtonsofdieseloilatthepriceofxxxperton.Thevesselshallberedeliveredwith:xxxxtonsoffueloilatthepriceofxxxxxxperton;xxxxtonsofdieseloilatthepriceofxxxxperton.

Sametonsapplythroughoutthisclause.

7.10、租金及其支付7.10.1租金的計(jì)算及支付方法（1）租金計(jì)算方法（2）使用的貨幣（3）支付方法10.RateofHire/RedeliveryAreasandNoticesThecharterersshallpayfortheuseandhireofthesaidVesselattherateof$xxxxU.S.currency,daily,or$xxxxxU.S.currencypertonontheVessel'stotaldeadweightcarryingcapacity,includingbunkersandstores,onxxxxxsummerfreeboard,per30days,commencingonandfromthedayofherdelivery,asaforesaid,andatandafterthesamerateforanypartofamonth;hireshallcontinueuntilthehourofthedayofherredelivery11.HirePayment(a)Payment

PaymentofHireshallbemadesoastobereceivedbytheOwnersortheirdesignatedpayeeinxxx,viaxxxxxxinxxxxxcurrency,orinUnitedStatesCurrency,infundsavailabletotheOwnersontheduedate,15daysinadvance,andforthelastmonthorpartofsametheapproximateamountofhire,andshouldsamenotcoverethactualtime,hireshallbepaidforethbalancedaybydayasitbecomesdue,ifsorequiredbytheOwners.(c)LastHirePayment

ShouldtheVesselbeonhervoyagetowardsportofredeliveryatthetimethelastand/orthepenultimatepaymentofhireis/aredue,saidpayment(s)is/aretobemadeforsuchlengthoftimeastheOwnersandtheCharterersmayagreeuponasbeingtheestimatedtimenecessarytocompletethevoyage,andtakingintoaccountbunkersactuallyonboard;tobetakenoverbytheOwnersandestimateddisbursementsfortheOwners'accountbeforeredelivery.Shouldsamenotcovertheactualtime,hireistobepaidforthebalance,daybyday,asitbecomesdue.WhentheVesselhasbeenredelivered,anydifferenceistoberefundedbytheOwnersorpaidbytheCharterers,asthecasemaybe7.10、租金及其支付7.10.2支付租金義務(wù)與撤船權(quán)利Failingthepunctualandregularpaymentofthehire,oronanyfundamentalbreachwhatsoeverofthisCharterParty,theOwnersshallbeatlibertytowithdrawtheVesselfromtheserviceofthechartererswithoutprejudicetoanyclaimsthey(theOwners)mayotherwisehaveontheCharterers.7.10.2支付租金義務(wù)與撤船權(quán)利

（1）及時(shí)付到（2）全額支付（3）全額支付租金的例外①useofshipbeingwithheldbyshipowners②deductionfromhirepermittedbytermsofcharter(breakdownonhull/machinery/equipment;slowdownofspeed)7.10.2支付租金義務(wù)與撤船權(quán)利

③“Thechartererscoulddeductfromhiretheirclaimfordamagewhenownershadinbreachofcharteranddeprivedthemforaperiodoftheuseoftheshipeitherinwholeorinpart.”deductionfromhirepermittedbytermsofcharterIfuponthevoyagethespeedbereducedbydefectin,orbreakdownof,anypartofherhull,machineryorequipment,thetimesolost,andthecostofanyextrabunkersconsumedinconsequencethereof,andallextraprovenexpensesmaybedeductedfromthehire.7.10.2支付租金義務(wù)與撤船權(quán)利

（4）出租人撤船的權(quán)利:合同約定條件下，條件條款（5）反技術(shù)性條款：承租人為防止出租人因未及時(shí)收到足額租金而撤船，在合同中規(guī)定出租人在發(fā)出撤船通知后若干時(shí)間內(nèi)承租人仍未支付租金才能撤船的條款。b).GracePeriod

Wherethereisfailureto-makepunctualandregularpaymentofhireduetooversight,negligence,errorsoromissionsonthepartoftheCharterersoftheirbankers,theCharterersshallbegivenbytheOwners

clearbankingdays(asrecognizedattheagreedplaceofpayment)writtennoticetorectifythefailure,andwhensorectifiedwithin

thosedaysfollowingtheOwner'snotice,thepaymentshallstandasregularandpunctual.

FailurebytheChartererstopaythehirewithin

daysoftheirreceivingtheOwners'noticeasprovidedherein,shallentitletheOwnerstowithdrawassetforthinSub-clause11(a)above7.10.2支付租金義務(wù)與撤船權(quán)利

（6）出租人撤船權(quán)利的放棄①接受承租人的遲付②過(guò)遲的撤船等于放棄權(quán)利③出租人默許承租人繼續(xù)使用船舶等于放棄撤船權(quán)利7.11、還船hireshallcontinueuntilthehourofthedayofherredeliveryinlikegoodorderandcondition,ordinarywearandtearexcepted,totheOwners(unlessVessellost)atxxxxxunlessotherwisemutuallyagreed.

ThecharterersshallgivetheOwnersnotlessthanxxxxxxdaysnoticeoftheVessel'sexpecteddateandprobableportofredelivery.

7.11、還船（1）還船船況（stateofshiponredelivery)①正常磨損的界定第一，“磨損”是在裝卸貨物過(guò)程中正確使用船舶而必然產(chǎn)生的。第二，“磨損”不是承租人或其雇傭人疏忽造成的。第三，“磨損”應(yīng)不影響船舶保持船級(jí)。第四，對(duì)磨損程度的掌握應(yīng)考慮合同允許運(yùn)送貨物的種類。7.11、還船②裝卸工人損壞條款與正常磨損出租人的義務(wù)主要有兩條：第一，發(fā)生損壞時(shí)，船長(zhǎng)應(yīng)保證首先向裝卸公司索賠，并應(yīng)取得裝卸工人或裝卸公司對(duì)損壞事故的確認(rèn)。第二，船長(zhǎng)應(yīng)在事故發(fā)生24小時(shí)內(nèi)通知承租人。“35.Notwithstandinganythingcontainedhereintothecontrary,thecharterersshallpayforanyandalldamagetothevesselcausedbystevedoresprovidedthemasterhasnotifiedthecharterersand/ortheiragentsinwritingassoonaspracticalbutnotlaterthan48hoursafteranydamageisdiscovered.Suchnoticetospecifythedamageindetailandtoinvitechartererstoappointasurveyortoassesstheextentofsuchdamage.(a)Incaseofanyandalldamage(s)affectingthevessel’sseaworthinessand/orthesafetyofthecrewand/oraffectingthetradingcapabilitiesofthevessel,thecharterersshallimmediatelyarrangeforrepairsofsuchdamage(s)attheirexpensesandthevesseliftoremainonhireuntilsuchrepairsarecompletedandifrequiredpassedbyvessels’classificationsociety.(b)Anyandalldamage(s)notdescribedunderpoint(a)aboveshallberepairedatcharterers’option,beforeoraferredeliverconcurrentlywiththeowners’work.Insuchcasenohireand/orexpenseswillbepaidtotheownersexceptandinsofarasthetimeand/orexpensesrequiredfortherepairsforwhichthecharterersareresponsible,exceedthetimeand/orexpensesnecessaarytocarryoutowners’work.”7.11、還船③出租人維修保養(yǎng)義務(wù)與正常磨損④船長(zhǎng)監(jiān)督責(zé)任與裝卸工人損壞⑤出租人對(duì)非正常磨損的索賠（2）還船地點(diǎn)①還船地點(diǎn)的規(guī)定方法②承租人在規(guī)定地點(diǎn)的還船義務(wù)（3）還船通知7.11、還船還船通知的規(guī)定方法一般情況下規(guī)定，在預(yù)計(jì)還船日之前的21天發(fā)出通知（也有的規(guī)定提前15天），然后在第15天、10天、7天、5天、2天、1天依次修訂第一次通知。為準(zhǔn)確起見(jiàn)，有的出租人另外追加規(guī)定，從第5天起或第3天之后的通知必須是肯定的和準(zhǔn)確的。違反還船通知的后果7.12、租金的起算及解約條款7.12.1租金的起算在交船時(shí)開(kāi)始起算“thecharterersshallpayfortheuseandhireofthesaidvessel…,commencingonandformthedayofherdelivery,…”Sunday,holidyaincluded,dayandnightSHINDN7.12、租金的起算及解約條款7.12.2解約條款I(lǐng)frequiredbytheCharterers,timeshallnotcommencebefore

andshouldtheVesselnotbereadyfordeliveryonorbeforebut

notlaterthan

hours,theCharterersshallhavetheoptionofcancellingthisCharterParty..“Iftheownerswarrantthat,despitetheexerciseofduediligencebythem,thevesselwillnotbereadyfordeliverybythecancellingdate,andprovidedtheownersareabletostatewithreasonablecertaintythedateonwhichthevesselwillbeready,theymay,attheearliestsevendaysbeforethevesselisexpectedtosailfortheportorplaceofdelivery,requirethechartererstodeclarewhetherornottheywillcancel,orshouldtheyfailtoreplywithintwodaysorbythecancellingdate,whichevershallfirstoccur,thentheseventhdayoftheexpecteddateoftheexpecteddateofreadinessfordeliveryasnotifiedbytheownersshallreplacetheoriginalcancellingdate,shouldthevesselbefurtherdelayed,theownersshallbeentitledtorequirefurtherdeclarationsofthecharterersinaccordancewiththisclause.”7.13、船舶的使用與賠償（一）船長(zhǎng)盡速遣航的責(zé)任（1）有關(guān)規(guī)定8.PerformanceofVoyages

(a)themastershallperformthevoyageswithduedispatch,andshallrenderallcustomaryassistancewiththeVessel'screw.ThemastershallbeconversantwithEnglishlanguage（2）盡速遣航的范圍7.13、船舶的使用與賠償（二）船長(zhǎng)執(zhí)行承租人航次命令的義務(wù)（1）有關(guān)規(guī)定“Thecaptain(althoughappointedbytheowners),shallbeundertheordersanddirectionsofthecharterersasregardsemploymentandagency.”（2）承租人命令的范圍①承租人的命令不能超出合同規(guī)定7.13、船舶的使用與賠償②承租人的命令不能危及船貨安全“Charterershavetheprivilegetodoublebankthevessel,i.e.mayorderthevesselalongsideothervesseland/orvice-versa,providedalwaysconsideredsafe.NecessaryfenderstoMaster’ssatisfactiontobeprovidedbythecharterers.TheseoperationtobeintheCharterers’timeandattheirrisksandexpensesincludingbutnotlimitingtoanyextrainsurancepremium,ifany.”7.13、船舶的使用與賠償（3）承租人對(duì)指令后果的責(zé)任①由指令的發(fā)出者負(fù)責(zé)②出租人應(yīng)對(duì)航行安全負(fù)主要責(zé)任③按因果關(guān)系原則處理（4）出租人索賠的時(shí)效(英國(guó)，6年，中國(guó)，2年）7.14、貨物裝卸（1）相關(guān)規(guī)定“Charterersshallperformallcargohandling,includingbutnotlimitedtoloading,stowing,triming,lashing,securing,dunnaging,unlashing,discharging,andtallying,attheirriskandexpense,underthesupervisionofthemaster”.（2）關(guān)于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用（3）承租人只對(duì)裝卸港的貨物裝卸負(fù)責(zé)（避難港？）7.14、貨物裝卸（4）承租人有責(zé)任卸下受損貨物（5）承租人有權(quán)選擇裝卸方法（6）“船長(zhǎng)監(jiān)督”的含義(a)iflossordamageisattributabletowantofcareinmattersparticularlywithintheprovinceofthemaster,suchas,forexample,thestabilityoftheshipor(b)ifthemasteractuallysupervisesthecargooperationsandlossordamageisattributabletothatsupervision.7.14、貨物裝卸（7）加上“并負(fù)責(zé)”的含義（8）關(guān)于甲板貨物“theownersaretobeindemnifiedbythecharterersforanylossand/ordamageandliabilityofwhatsoevernaturecausedtothevesselasaresultofthecarriageofdeckcargoandwhichwouldnothavearisenhaddeckcargonotbeenloaded.”7.15、提單的簽發(fā)（1）合同的有關(guān)規(guī)定30.BillsofLading

(a)TheMastershallsignthebillsofladingorwaybillsforcargoaspresentedinconformitywithmatesortallyclerk'sreceipts.However,theCharterersmaysignbillsofladingorwaybillsonbehalfoftheMaster,withtheOwner'spriorwrittenauthority,alwaysinconformitywithmatesortallyclerk'sreceipts.30.BillsofLading(b)AllbillsofladingorwaybillsshallbewithoutprejudicetothisCharterPartyandtheCharterersshallindemnifytheOwnersagainstallconsequencesorliabilitieswhichmayarisefromanyinconsistencybetweenthisCharterPartyandanybillsofladingorwaybillssignedbytheCharterersorbytheMasterattheirrequest.30BillsofLading(c)Billofladingcoveringdeckcargoshallbeclaused"ShippedondeckatCharterers',Shippers'andReceivers'risk,expenseandresponsibility,withoutliabilityonthepartoftheVessel,orherOwnersforanyloss,damage,expenseordelayhowsoevercaused."7.16、停租條款（1）停租條款的規(guī)定方法17.Off.HireIntheeventoflosstimefromdeficiencyand/ordefaultand/orstrikeofofficersorcrew,ordeficiencyofstores,fire,breakdownof,ordamagestohull,machineryorequipment,grounding,detentionbythearrestoftheVessel(unlesssucharrestiscausedbyeventsforwhichtheCharterers,theirservants,agentsorsubcontractorsareresponsible),ordetentionbyaverageaccidentstotheVesselorcargounlessresultingfrominherentvice,qualityordefectofthecargo,drydockingforthepurposeofexaminationorpaintingbottom,orbyanyothersimilarcausepreventingthefullworkingoftheVessel,thepaymentofhireandovertime,ifany,shallceaseforthetimetherebylost.7.16、停租條款（2）時(shí)間損失的計(jì)算方法①時(shí)間段計(jì)算方法（periodoff-hire)“intheeventoflossoftimefrom…preventingtheworkingofthevessel(formorethan24runninghours),thepaymentofhireshallceaseuntilshebeagaininanefficientstatetoresumeherservice.”十六、停租條款②凈時(shí)間損失計(jì)算方法(netlossoftime)“intheeventoflossoftimefrom…preventingthefullworkingofthevessel,thepaymentofhireshallceaseforthetimetherebylost.”（3）違約與停租（4）租期與停租①停租時(shí)間可否從租期中扣除。②停租可否解除剩下的租期。凈時(shí)間損失計(jì)算方法(netlossoftime)ShouldtheVesseldeviateorputbackduringavoyage,contrarytotheordersordirectionsofherCharterers,foranyreasonotherthanaccidenttothecargoorwhereper-mittedinlines257to258hereunder,thehireistobesuspendedfromthetimeofherdeviatingorputtingbackuntilsheisagaininthesameorequidistantpositionfromthedestinationandthevoyageresumedtherefrom.AllbunkersusedbytheVesselwhileoffhireshallbefortheOwners'account.IntheeventoftheVesselbeingdrivenintoportortoanchoragethroughstressofweather,tradingtoshallowharborsortoriversorportswithbars,anydetentionoftheVesseland/orexpensesresultingfromsuchdetentionshallbefortheCharterers'account.7.17、免責(zé)條款（1）合同受租的免責(zé)（2）合同明示的免責(zé)①合同雙方均可享受的共同免責(zé)事項(xiàng)：天災(zāi)、公敵、國(guó)家和統(tǒng)治者的行為。②只有出租人可能享受的免責(zé)事項(xiàng)：船上火災(zāi)、海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及意外事故、機(jī)器和鍋爐在航行中的事故、船長(zhǎng)和船員駕駛船舶中的錯(cuò)誤。7.18、留置條款23..Liens

TheOwnersshallhavealienuponallcargoesandallsub-freightsand/orsub-hireforanyamountsdueunderthisCharterParty,includinggeneralaveragecontributions,andtheCharterersshallhavealienontheVesselforallmoniespaidinadvanceandnotearned,andanyoverpaidhireorexcessdeposittobereturnedatonce.

TheChartererswillnotdirectlyorindirectlysuffer,norpermittobecontinued,allylienorencumbrance,whichmighthavepriorityoverthetitleandinterestoftheOwnersintheVessel.TheCharterersundertakethatduringtheperiodofthisCharterParty,theywillnotprocureanysuppliesornecessariesorservices,includinganyportexpensesandbunkers,onthecreditoftheOwnersorintheOwners'time.十九、保護(hù)性條款（1）首要條款（2）雙方互有責(zé)任碰撞條款①雙方互有責(zé)任碰撞條款的含義：在二船一互有責(zé)任的碰撞中，如果受損失貨主向非載貨船索賠全部損失，非載貨船在賠償貨主后，又向載貨船索回其按照責(zé)任比例應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)的部分，那么，載貨船可以依據(jù)航行疏忽免責(zé)條款，將這部分賠償款從本船貨主外索回。（2）雙方互有責(zé)任碰撞條款②條款的來(lái)源及解釋《關(guān)于統(tǒng)一船舶碰撞若干法律規(guī)定的國(guó)際公約》（《1910年船舶碰撞公約》:船貨視為共同一方，船方有錯(cuò)，貨方也被認(rèn)為有錯(cuò)。美國(guó)法律：貨物無(wú)辜原則，貨方?jīng)]有任何責(zé)任，它可以向本船也可以向他船索賠全部貨物損失；“對(duì)半責(zé)任原則”，各負(fù)50%的責(zé)任?！逗Ｑ酪?guī)則》：出租人航行疏忽造成貨損可以免責(zé)。例：雙方互有責(zé)任碰撞條款甲乙兩船發(fā)生碰撞，甲船應(yīng)承擔(dān)80%碰撞責(zé)任，乙船20%。甲船上有貨，因碰撞損失10萬(wàn)美元。7.19、保護(hù)性條款（3）戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)條款（4）冰凍條款禁止承租人指令船舶進(jìn)入冰凍地區(qū),以及在冰凍地區(qū)船長(zhǎng)的自由駛離權(quán).（5）航行美國(guó)毒品條款出租人只對(duì)船員走私毒品的后果承擔(dān)責(zé)任,其余任何人走私毒品被美國(guó)有關(guān)當(dāng)局處罰,都由出租人負(fù)責(zé).兒童慢性咳嗽與處理1急性咳嗽，時(shí)間短于4周單擊此處添加文本具體內(nèi)容2亞急性咳嗽，時(shí)間介于4－8周單擊此處添加文本具體內(nèi)容3慢性咳嗽，時(shí)間超過(guò)8周單擊此處添加文本具體內(nèi)容一.定義CONTENTSONE1二.咳嗽感受器與部位三種感受器

RARlike（快速適應(yīng)性感受器，機(jī)械刺激為主）

Nociceptive（傷害感受器，化學(xué)刺激為主）

Polymodal（咳嗽感受器，機(jī)械刺激與酸）有髓神經(jīng)纖維口咽部、喉、支氣管樹(shù)、外耳道與鼓膜A

神經(jīng)纖維C神經(jīng)纖維C類神經(jīng)纖維感受器(VR1)無(wú)髓神經(jīng)纖維通過(guò)釋放神經(jīng)多肽，刺激RARs主要位于支氣管Opioidreceptor阿片受體,有μ、κ、δ和σ亞型麻醉鎮(zhèn)痛劑通過(guò)某些肽類物質(zhì)(如β-內(nèi)啡肽)及μ阿片受體抑制咳嗽呼吸道中也存在μ受體,參與了芬太尼誘發(fā)嗆咳過(guò)程慢性咳嗽經(jīng)常（16~62%）同時(shí)由一種以上病因引起UACS，哮喘，GERD是各年齡慢性咳嗽最常見(jiàn)的三種原因慢性咳嗽是57%哮喘和75%GERD的唯一癥狀大多數(shù)慢性咳嗽能明確病因，使治療有效率達(dá)84~98%三.慢性咳嗽的常見(jiàn)病因上呼吸道咳嗽綜合癥(UACS)

慢性鼻竇炎慢性鼻炎，包括過(guò)敏性鼻炎增殖體肥大吸入綜合癥

胃食道反流病(GERD)

會(huì)厭功能障礙支氣管源性疾病哮喘綜合征病毒感染后咳嗽心因性疾病兒童慢性咳嗽(胸片正常)的常見(jiàn)原因常見(jiàn)的支氣管源性疾病是兒童慢性咳嗽的第一大原因支氣管哮喘咳嗽變異性哮喘(CVA)

非哮喘性嗜酸細(xì)胞性支氣管炎(NAEB)<一>哮喘綜合征有慢性氣道炎癥，氣道高反應(yīng)，肺功能異常有咳嗽及喘息發(fā)作，以夜間和清晨為重有特應(yīng)性家族史對(duì)糖皮質(zhì)激素，抗白三烯受體拮抗藥及支氣管擴(kuò)張藥有效1.支氣管哮喘有慢性氣道炎癥，氣道高反應(yīng)，肺功能大多正常；中央氣道慢性炎癥和支氣管反應(yīng)增高平滑肌收縮刺激肌梭內(nèi)咳嗽感受器以咳嗽為主，偶爾有喘息發(fā)作以夜間和清晨為重對(duì)糖皮質(zhì)激素，抗白三烯受體拮抗藥，支氣管擴(kuò)張藥有效2.咳嗽變異性哮喘又稱過(guò)敏性咳嗽有慢性氣道炎癥，痰液嗜酸細(xì)胞>2.5~5%無(wú)氣道高反應(yīng)和肺功能異常僅有咳嗽，無(wú)喘息發(fā)作對(duì)糖皮質(zhì)激素，抗白三烯受體拮抗藥有效；支氣管擴(kuò)張藥無(wú)效3.嗜酸細(xì)胞性支氣管炎激素敏感性咳嗽常用的相關(guān)檢查支氣管舒張?jiān)囼?yàn)支氣管激發(fā)試驗(yàn)3％NaCl霧化吸入誘導(dǎo)咳嗽痰液咳出或吸出處理后計(jì)數(shù)嗜酸細(xì)胞數(shù)痰液嗜酸細(xì)胞>2.5~5%誘導(dǎo)痰嗜酸細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)RSV毛細(xì)支氣管炎與慢性咳嗽有密切關(guān)系RSV導(dǎo)致支氣管結(jié)構(gòu)或功能的持續(xù)損害RSV改變神經(jīng)敏感閾值，咳嗽感受器閾值降低RSV誘導(dǎo)RSV-IgE形成，ECP增高RSV誘發(fā)咳嗽(哮喘、肺發(fā)育不全、氣道吸入)<二>病毒感染后咳嗽以夜間及清晨咳嗽為主，可伴有喘息發(fā)作多持續(xù)3－8周，但對(duì)于早產(chǎn)兒、小于3個(gè)月的嬰兒及伴有基礎(chǔ)疾病的患兒持續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)部分伴有特異體質(zhì)的患兒，對(duì)糖皮質(zhì)激素及白三烯拮抗藥物治療有效是兒童慢性咳嗽常見(jiàn)原因之一分泌物直接刺激鼻咽部分泌物反流刺激咽喉分泌物導(dǎo)致鼻咽喉部神經(jīng)敏感度增加<三>上呼吸道咳嗽綜合癥

慢性鼻炎過(guò)敏性鼻炎常年性非過(guò)敏性鼻炎血管運(yùn)動(dòng)性鼻炎感染性鼻炎慢性鼻竇炎增殖體肥大引起UACS的原因有：臨床表現(xiàn)喉部發(fā)癢、疼痛，咳粘液性痰及清嗓動(dòng)作有咽后壁分泌物流動(dòng)感咽后壁可見(jiàn)粘液樣分泌物咽部粘膜呈鵝卵石改變(結(jié)節(jié)狀淋巴濾泡)一代抗組胺藥物/鼻減充藥物有效胃食道反流酸性反流非酸性反流氣管食管瘺吞咽協(xié)調(diào)障礙<四>吸入綜合癥胃食道反流反流形式：食道下端咳嗽感受器反流到咽下部或喉部(咽喉部反流)吸入氣管或支氣管肺多見(jiàn)于小齡幼兒，表現(xiàn)為喂水或奶時(shí)的嗆咳部分見(jiàn)于神經(jīng)肌肉受損或發(fā)育異常的患兒上呼吸道感染后會(huì)加重癥狀進(jìn)食稠厚流質(zhì)或鼻飼能明顯改善癥狀吞咽協(xié)調(diào)障礙1.室內(nèi)環(huán)境空氣污染污穢或刺激性有害氣體；氣媒性過(guò)敏原2.在集體環(huán)境中生活

幼兒園和小學(xué)<五>慢性或反復(fù)呼吸道感染3.支氣管肺功能結(jié)構(gòu)異常氣道堵塞

支氣管異物、支氣管淋巴結(jié)壓迫、異位血管.氣道結(jié)構(gòu)異常原發(fā)性纖毛運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙慢性氣道炎癥麻疹肺炎后